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BIOTROPIA - The Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Biology

biotropia
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Published by Southeast Asian Regional Centre for Tropical Biology

ISSN : 02156334 EISSN : 1907770X DOI : http://dx.doi.org/10.11598/btb

Core Subject : Health, Science, Agriculture,

Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Immunology & microbiology Veterinary

BIOTROPIA, The Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Biology, is a scientific publication of the Southeast Asian Ministers of Education Organization (SEAMEO) – Southeast Asian Regional Center for Tropical Biology (BIOTROP). It publishes articles in the broad areas of tropical ecosystems and environmental impacts, biodiversity conservation and sustainable development and biotechnology.

Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Pertanian dan Biologi (Semua) - Ilmu Pertanian dan Biologi (Lain-Lain)

Articles 520 Documents

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Utility of matK Gene as DNA Barcode to Assess Evolutionary Relationship of Important Tropical Forest Tree genus Mangifera (Anacardiaceae) in Indonesia and Thailand Hidayat, Topik -; Pancoro, Adi -; Kusumawaty, Diah -
BIOTROPIA Vol. 18 No. 2 (2011): BIOTROPIA Vol. 18 No. 2 December 2011
Publisher : SEAMEO BIOTROP

MaturaseK (matK) gene of chloroplast DNA has been served as appropriate candidate to be a DNA barcode in angiosperms. Using this DNA marker, 19 species of genus Mangifera, one of ecologically important crop, collected from Indonesia and Thailand were analyzed. Phylogenetic analysis using parsimony method revealed that the gene could clasify Mangifera into three major groups, namely group I, II, and III. Moreover, the matK barcode can identify Mangifera species that is originated from Thailand. Although this classification system is different with the previous system, it can provide a new information about Mangifera taxonomy. Results further exhibited that DNA sequences of the matK of two Mangifera species (M. laurina dan M. macrocarpa) are different between Indonesia and Thailand specimens.Â Keywordsâ€” DNA barcode, Mangifera, matK gene, parsimony, phylogenetic analysis

The Effects of Rainfall on Penaeus monodon Fabricius Populations in the Segara Anakan Lagoon, Central Java, Indonesia Pratiwi, Rianta; Sukardjo, Sukristiono
BIOTROPIA Vol. 25 No. 3 (2018): BIOTROPIA Vol. 25 No. 3 December 2018
Publisher : SEAMEO BIOTROP

Segara Anakan Lagoon (SAL) is widely known as a traditional fishing ground for many aquatic organisms and is located in Central Java, an area with high rainfall. The objectives of this study were to determine the effects of rainfall on the distribution of Penaeus monodon Fabricius in SAL and/or mangrove waters, and to explain the cause of yearly fluctuations in fish catch during a 13-year period (1998–2011). The effects of rainfall on the local distribution and abundance of shrimp in SAL, Cilacap, Central Java, Indonesia, were examined using the Anco method for three periods, namely: the first period (commercial catch production, 1998–2011), the second period (December 2010–November 2011), and the third period (December 2011–April 2012), as part of a shrimp fishery and eco-biology study in this region. The marked increase in rainfall from 557 mm during the East Monsoon (June–August) to 1,225 mm in the second transition season (September–November) and West Monsoon (December–February) in the Segara Anakan region enhanced the seasonal movement of shrimp into the Zone IV fishing ground and produced an initial increase in the abundance of adults (CL > 25 mm) from 312 to 2,630 individuals. This initial increase in adult abundance enhanced the shrimp's reproductive potential, while heavy rainfall indirectly supported the recruitment, growth, and survival of juvenile shrimp, increasing the shrimp population in the following year. Lower rainfall from July to September adversely affected the shrimp population and typically resulted in smaller catches (312 individuals). Statistical analysis of the relationship between shrimp catch and annual rainfall showed a high level of significance at 1%.

SOURCES OF MYCORRHIZAL INFECTION OF SHOREA ACUMINATA SEEDLINGS UNDER LABORATORY CONDITIONS*) LEE Su SEE, LEE Su SEE
BIOTROPIA No. 8 (1995)
Publisher : SEAMEO BIOTROP

Uninoculated dipterocarp seedlings raised in normal field soil in nurseries were always found to have mycorrhizas after a few months. This study set out to determine whether dipterocarp seedlings could continue to grow and develop in the absence of mycorrhizas and also to determine possible sources of mycorrhizal infection of dipterocarp seedlings raised under laboratory conditions using Shorea acuminata as a typical example. Seedlings were planted in capped or uncapped perspex boxes containing sterile or non-sterile field soil and watered daily with sterile water or tap water. Seedling growth and development of mycorrhizas were monitored at monthly intervals for up to seven months. Seedlings grown in sterile soil remained uninfected after seven months while infection was found in some of the seedlings grown in normal soil regardless of whether they had been watered with tap water or sterile water. This showed that field soil (i.e. under grass) far from the forest contained suitable inoculum for forest tree seedlings. Tap water and the air were not important sources of infection. However, mycorrhizal infection was very uneven indicating that the inoculum was probably very unevenly distributed in the soil or that the inoculum density was rather low. Seedlings grown in sterile soil showed better growth than those grown in normal soil and infection of roots by parasitic fungi in the latter was also observed. Key words: Mycorrhizas/Plant pathology/lnfections/Shorea acuminata/Seedlings.

Flavour of Papaya (Carica papaya L.) Fruit Wijaya, Hanny
BIOTROPIA Vol. 20 No. 1 (2013): BIOTROPIA Vol. 20 No. 1 June 2013
Publisher : SEAMEO BIOTROP

Papaya is included in five major tropical fruits world production after banana, mango, and pineapple. Indonesia is one of leading country of papaya production after India and Brazil. The Centre of Tropical Fruits Study (PKBT) at Bogor Agricultural University (IPB), Indonesia, has started a long term breeding program since 2003 in order improving the quality of local papayas. Fruit exports are being targeted at more specialized consumers, either those seeking products raised in more environmentally and health-conscious ways or those who are prepared to pay a significant for outstanding flavour. Flavour continues to be the predominant quality characteristic important for a successful international marketing. To understand the biosynthesis pathways are becoming more important for the flavour industry in recent years, as this could aid in the production of the flavour volatiles in the same manner as the natural biosynthesis. It is also necessary to understand the aroma active compounds and their changes during processing because unexpected changes in aroma may cause a product unmarketable even if the other quality factors are acceptable. Understanding the changes of aroma active compounds in the papaya fruit, such as loss of desirable flavour and development of off-flavour during processing will be very helpful for determining proper processing condition. The flavour composition of papaya fruit is reviewed in this paper. This paper will also overview of important publications regardingÂ the characteristic features of the biology of the fruits, consumption worldwide, commercial application in food processing, though the review of biogenesis of volatiles still be the main focus. Â Keywords:Â Papaya (Carica papaya L.), flavour, review, volatiles, tropical fruit, biogenesis.Â

Effects of Glyphosate Potassium 660 G L-1 on Transgenic and Conventional Corn Varieties Kurniadie, Denny; Umiyati, Uum; Widayat, Dedi
BIOTROPIA Vol. 26 No. 3 (2019): BIOTROPIA Vol. 26 No. 3 December 2019
Publisher : SEAMEO BIOTROP

The transgenic corn variety, NK 603, which contains a gene called CP4 EPSPS (5-enolpyruvyl shikimate-3-phosphate synthase) which makes the corn plants tolerant to the glyphosate herbicide, on the other hand conventional corn varieties are sensitive to glyphosate. It was required to test the chlorosis and burn-down effect both in transgenic and conventional corn varieties due to glyphosate. The experiment was conducted to quantify the burn-down effects and chlorosis due to the application of herbicide glyphosate potassium 660 g L⁻¹ on two varieties of corn at the Agriculture Faculty Research Station of Padjadjaran University, West Java, Indonesia, from December 2015 to April 2016. The experiment was arranged in randomized block design with 20 treatments and each treatment replicated twice. At 15 days and 20 days after planting, five transgenic corn varieties (C 7 RR, 979 RR, 77 RR, 85 RR and 95 RR) and five conventional corn varieties (C 7, 979, 77, 85 and 95) were applied with herbicide glyphosate potassium 660 g L⁻¹ at a dose of 2 L ha⁻¹. The results showed that the herbicide was effective to control the weed in both transgenic and conventional corn varieties. The transgenic corn variety exhibited smaller percentages of chlorosis (0–20%) and no burn-down effect was observed following applications of glyphosate potassium 660 g L⁻¹. On the other hand, chlorosis and burn-down effects were found on all conventional corn varieties. The yield of transgenic corn varieties was higher than those of the conventional corn varieties.

MORPHOLOGICAL COMPARISON OF THREE ASIAN NATIVE HONEY BEES (APIS CERANA, A. DORSATA, A. FLOREA) IN NORTHERN VIETNAM AND THAILAND NIEM, N.V.; TRUNG, L. Q.
BIOTROPIA No. 14 (1999)
Publisher : SEAMEO BIOTROP

Three species of Asian native honey beesÂ (Apis cerana, A. florea and A. dorsata)Â from northern Vietnam and Thailand were morphologically analyzed for investigations on their geographic variations and relations. In Vietnam, samples were collected from feral and managed colonies. In Thailand, the collections were from feral colonies or from field bees on flowers. Morphological analysis was carried out, using measurements common to honeybee taxonomy. Measured characters were done under stereomicroscope with an ocular micrometer. ANOVAÂ program and multivariate statistical analyses were applied for treating the data. Overall,Â A. ceranaÂ populations in northern Vietnam are significantly morphologically different than from those in Thailand. It may be due to their different geographic locations between the Thai and Vietnamese populations of A. cerana. A. florea bees from Vietnam are generally bigger in size than those from Thailand, but the differences are uncertain. In contrast, the body size of A. dorsata populations from Thailand are bigger than those from Vietnam. However, these differences are also not significant. It is necessary to take further comparative investigations of these bee species from both countries. Key words: Honey bee/Apis cerana/Apis dorsata/ApisJlorea/moif>ho\ogy

High Turbidity Affects Filtration Rate and Pseudofaeces Production of the Mud Clam Polymesoda erosa (Solander 1876) (Bivalvia: Corbiculidae) Argente, Francis Albert Tabo; Cesar, Senona A.; Dy, Danilo T.
BIOTROPIA Vol. 21 No. 2 (2014): BIOTROPIA Vol. 21 No. 2 December 2014
Publisher : SEAMEO BIOTROP

P. erosa is an economically- and ecologically-important bivalve which thrives in brackishwater mangroves or Nypa zones. Unpredictable weather conditions and unregulated anthropogenic activities in mangrove area could lead to high turbidity conditions and possibly affect the filtering capacity of P. erosa. A laboratory experiment was conducted to determine the effects of turbidity concentration and body size on the filtration rate and pseudofaeces production of P. erosa. Filtration rates significantly increased with higher turbidity concentration up to 750 mg L-1 (P < 0.05). Pseudofaeces production also increased with increasing turbidity concentration (P < 0.05).Â Body size did not affect the filtration and pseudofaeces production of P. erosa. Results suggest that P. erosa is resilient to highly disturbed, turbid environments and therefore could be a potential candidate species for aquaculture.

Hyper-Solubilizing Tricalcium Phosphate Mutants of Klebsiella sp. GMD08 Ariyanti, Nur Fitriana; Widada, Jaka; Subandiyah, Siti
BIOTROPIA Vol. 27 No. 3 (2020): BIOTROPIA Vol. 27 No. 3 December 2020
Publisher : SEAMEO BIOTROP

Klebsiella sp. GMD08 is a bacterium capable of dissolving insoluble inorganic phosphate into soluble phosphate ions through its organic acid production. Transposon is a genetic element commonly used to generate mutants through mutagenesis, and thus can be used to identify genetic functions involved in phosphate-solubilizing mechanisms. This research was conducted to identify the genes of Klebsiella sp. GMD08 involved in phosphate solubilization through sequence detection obtained from a hyper-solubilizing phosphate mutant library. Mutation was carried out by inserting a mini-Tn5 transposon hosted in Escherichia coli S17-1/λpir [pBSL202] into the chromosome of Klebsiella sp. GMD08 using the filter mating conjugation method. Transconjugant mutant candidates were then qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed for their ability to dissolve tricalcium phosphate [Ca₃(PO₄)₂] using Pikovskaya medium. The organic acid profiles of the transconjugant mutants were detected using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). Suspected genes involved in phosphate solubilization were identified through sequencing of transposon insertion sites. Nucleotide BLAST was used to determine nucleotide sequence similarity with the database. The results showed that PB116 and PB122 were the two main transconjugant mutants obtained from transposon mutagenesis with higher tricalcium phosphate-dissolving ability. Gluconic acid was identified as the main organic acid produced by Klebsiella sp. GMD08 in its phosphate-solubilizing mechanism. Furthermore, the arginine repressor (ArgR) and malate dehydrogenase (mdh) genes were found to be involved in the phosphate-solubilizing mechanism of Klebsiella sp. GMD08.

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CROP DEVELOPMENTAL PHASES AND AIR TEMPERATURE AND ITS EFFECT ON YIELD OF THE WHEAT CROP (Triticum aestivum L.) GROWN IN JAVA ISLAND, INDONESIA Handoko, I.
BIOTROPIA Vol. 14 No. 1 (2007): BIOTROPIA Vol. 14 No. 1 June 2007
Publisher : SEAMEO BIOTROP

About four million tonnes of wheat has been imported annually, because hardly no wheat crop is cultivated in Indonesia. High temperature is probably the major limiting factor for cultivating the crop in a large scale. This research aims to find out the relationship between temperature and wheat (DWR162 cultivar) crop development to derive its developmental parameters (base temperature and thermal unit) and to further study its effects on grain yield. Experiment was conducted at five locations in Java Island with distict altitudes range from 28 to 1,650 m to represent a wide range of averaged air temperature (27.5 to 16.5 oC). The base temperature derived from this experiment were 8.3, 3.8, and 15.1 oC while the parameters of thermal unit were 189, 1053 and 290 d. oC, respectively for the phases of sowing-emergence, emergence-anthesis, and anthesis-physiological maturity. Grain yield of the wheat crop decreased with increasing temperature of about 10% per 1oC increase above averaged temperature of 16.5 oC. Increasing temperature caused shorter duration during vegetative growth (emergence-anthesis) and grain filling period (anthesis-maturity which resulted in smaller biomass and the grain yield.

SOIL AS A FACTOR INFLUENCING THE MANGROVE FOREST COMMUNITIES IN TALIDENDANG BESAR, RIAU CECEP KUSMANA
BIOTROPIA - The Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Biology No. 4 (1991)
Publisher : SEAMEO BIOTROP

OneÂ transect of 10 m x 900 m wasÂ constructed perpendicularÂ toÂ the sea edgeÂ to knowÂ the patternÂ ofmangrove forest communities from the sea edge through the inland area. Then, one sample plot of 50 m x 50 mwas established at each forest community to explore its vegetation structure and soil characteristics. The results show that in Talidendang Besar area, there are three mangrove forest communities stretchingfrom the sea edge to the inland, namely Bruguiera parviflora, B. sexangula and B. sexangula-Nypa fruticans.The soil factors such as pH.EC (electrical conductivity), % K, % Na, C-organic, N-total, NH4 (ammonia), andCECÂ (cation exchangeÂ capacity) wereÂ regardedÂ importantÂ inÂ influencingÂ theÂ pattern ofÂ the mangroveÂ forestcommunities.

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Editorial Address SEAMEO BIOTROP Jl. Raya Tajur Km. 6 Bogor 16134 INDONESIA

Location Kota bogor, Jawa barat INDONESIA

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Contact Name
Knowledge Management Department

Contact Email
kmd@biotrop.org

Phone
+62251-8323848

Journal Mail Official
biotropia@biotrop.org

Editorial Address
SEAMEO BIOTROP Jl. Raya Tajur Km. 6 Bogor 16134 INDONESIA

Location
Kota bogor,

Jawa barat

INDONESIA