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BIOTROPIA - The Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Biology

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Published by Southeast Asian Regional Centre for Tropical Biology

ISSN : 02156334 EISSN : 1907770X DOI : http://dx.doi.org/10.11598/btb

Core Subject : Health, Science, Agriculture,

Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Immunology & microbiology Veterinary

BIOTROPIA, The Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Biology, is a scientific publication of the Southeast Asian Ministers of Education Organization (SEAMEO) – Southeast Asian Regional Center for Tropical Biology (BIOTROP). It publishes articles in the broad areas of tropical ecosystems and environmental impacts, biodiversity conservation and sustainable development and biotechnology.

Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Pertanian dan Biologi (Semua) - Ilmu Pertanian dan Biologi (Lain-Lain)

Articles 520 Documents

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EFFECTS OF PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS ON SHOOT MULTIPLICATION AND ROOT INDUCTION OF CASSAVA VARIETIES CULTURE IN VITRO SUKMADJAJA, DEDEN; WIDHIASTUTI, HERNI
BIOTROPIA Vol. 18 No. 1 (2011): BIOTROPIA Vol. 18 No. 1 June 2011
Publisher : SEAMEO BIOTROP

A study on propagation of three superior cassava Manihot esculenta( Crant) varieties i.e.Darul Hidayah, Malang-6 and Adira-4 through tissue culture technique was conducted at theTissue Culture Lab of SEAMEO BIOTROP, Bogor. The objective of the experiment was tostudy effect of plant growth regulators on Manihot esculenta propagation, which can be used in cassavamicropropagation protocol. Plant materials used were auxiliary shoots of a stem node. Theexperiment consisted of (i) shoot multiplication, (ii) roots induction, and (iii) acclimatization.The multiple shoot regeneration was observed by using Murashige & Skoog (MS) basal mediasupplemented with 0, 0.1, 1.0 and 5.0 mg/L of benzylaminopurine (BAP) combined with 0.0,0.1 and 1.0mg/L of thidiazuron. The root induction was observed by using 0.1 and 1.0mg/Lof IBA and NAA. The resulting plantlets were transplanted into plastic polybags containingsoil mixed with organic fertilizer (1:1) covered with plastic sheets and transferred to agreenhouse. The result of the study showed that the highest number of shoots for DarulHidayah, Malang-6 and Adira-4 varieties were 4.93 shoots treated with BAP 1 mg/L +thidiazuron 0.1 mg/L, 4.20 shoots at BAP media of 1 mg/L, and 7.20 shoots at the mediaof BAP 1 mg/L + thidiazuron 0.1 mg/L respectively. The highest number of nodes producedwas 2.9 nodes for Darul Hidayah at BAP 5 mg/L, 5.13 nodes for Malang-6 at BAP 0.1 mg/L,and 6.18 nodes forAdira-4 at BAP 5mg/L + thidiazuron 1mg/L. The utilization of auxin IAAor NAA could induce and accelerate the growth of roots which finally could increase thesuccess of acclimatization process. With an average of four multiplication factors of eachculture period, the potency of each cassava shoot propagated through tissue culture couldproduce around 37 000 plants/year. Keywords:Manihot esculenta, shoot multiplication, root induction, BA, thidiazuron, IBA,NAA

Development of Woodceramics From Tropical Flora Howpinjai, Itsaree; Laemsak, Nikhom; Hengniran, Pongsak
BIOTROPIA Vol. 27 No. 2 (2020): BIOTROPIA Vol. 27 No. 2 August 2020
Publisher : SEAMEO BIOTROP

Woodceramics are porous carbon or hybrid materials derived from woody materials impregnated with thermosetting resin and vacuum-carbonized at high temperatures. Woodceramics have become commercially valuable due to their applications in heaters, gas filters, absorbents, and humidity and temperature sensors. Hence, this study aimed to determine the suitable conditions for producing woodceramics from various materials and to evaluate their potential applications. The specific surface area (SSA), pore volume, pore diameter, and adsorption isotherm of woodceramics made from bamboo, pine, eucalyptus, rubberwood, and oil palm shell particleboards were obtained using the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) method. The average pore diameter was classified as mesoporous (2–50 nm). The SSA and adsorption isotherm results of the woodceramics made from eucalyptus indicated that this species can be used as activated charcoal, and its volume electrical resistivity was similar to that of a semiconductor. When carbonized at maximum temperatures of 800 °C and 1,000 °C, the electromagnetic shielding effectiveness (ESE) of the woodceramics ranged from approximately 20–60 dB within a frequency range of 800–2,200 MHz. This ESE value was higher than those of materials woven from boron carbon fiber, carbon boron, and stainless steel fiber-filled thermoplastics. Moreover, the production cost of woodceramics was lower compared to commercial alternatives.

WHITE OYSTER MUSHROOM (Ppleurotus fFlorida) MUTANT WITH ALTERED ANTIOXIDANT CONTENTS Djajanegara, Ira; Harsoyo,
BIOTROPIA Vol. 15 No. 1 (2008): BIOTROPIA Vol. 15 No. 1 June 2008
Publisher : SEAMEO BIOTROP

Radiation using gamma ray (60Co) at 0.75 KGray with dose velocity of 1.149 KGray/hour on white oyster mushroom (Pleurotus florida) mycelia yielded several mutants. Based on isozyme analysis using two enzyme markers such as esterase (EST) and acid phosphatase (ACP) showed that 3 putative mutants (PO-3, PO-4 and PO-5) among 5 mutants are positive. Even though the isozyme patterns indicated that those 3 putative mutants are positively mutated, only PO-5 showed higher productivity compared to control (PO-K) which is reflected by significantly higher number of fruit bodies, higher fresh weight and dry weight yield of three successive flush periods. It was assumed that the mutation which occurred in PO-3 and PO-4 may affect other trait(s) of the white oyster mushroom. Antioxidant analysis of those mutants indicate that mutant PO-4 has significantly higher antioxidant content compared to control (PO-K) and the two other mutants (PO-3 & PO-5). This finding leads to the possible applicaÂ¬tion of white oyster mushroom as a natural antioxidant source.

PHYTOTOXICITY AND FIELD EFFICACY OF EXSEROHILUM LONGIROSTRA JC/MIN THE CONTROL OF BARNYARDGRASS ECOTYPES (ECHINOCHLOA CRUS-GALLI VAR. CRUS-GALLI(L.) BEAUV) ABDUL SHUKOR JURAIMI; ARIFIN TASRIF; JUGAH KADIR; SUHAIMI NAPIS; SOETIKNO SLAMET SASTROUTOMO
BIOTROPIA - The Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Biology No. 24 (2005)
Publisher : SEAMEO BIOTROP

Five selected ecotypes of bamyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli var. crus-gatti) from several rice growing areas in Malaysia and Indonesia were tested for their susceptibilityÂ to the potential bioherbicideÂ (Exserohilum longirostratum). Bamyardgrass seedlings at the 2-3-lcaf stage were treated with 2.5xl07 conidia/ml from E. longirostratumÂ at different application frequencies (single, double and triple). In addition, aqueous extract assays were evaluated for the presence of a phytotoxic compound responsible for the virulence of the bioherbicide. Results of the study showed that disease severity significantly increased 20 days after treatment and resulted in mortality of the seedlings. Ecotypes from Perak and Lampung were most susceptible to the bioherbicide upon triple applications. Percentage dry weight reductions were 86.34 and 83.14%, respectively. Other ecotypes (Melaka, Banten and South Sulawesi) were observed to have a relatively similar response. Moreover, aqueous extracts of E. longirostratumÂ increased mortality up to 92.50% of bamyardgrass seedlings. These findings suggest that regular (double and triple) applications of E. longirostratum at a concentration of 2.5xl07Â conidia/ml significantly increased mortality among bamyardgrass ecotypes. Mortality of the seedlings was attributed to the presence of a secondary phytotoxic metabolite. Key words :Â Â Â Field efficacy / Phytotoxicity / Exserohilum longirostratum I Echinochloa crus-galli var. crusgalli I ecotypes.

Intraspecific Variation on Early Growth of Neolamarckia cadamba Miq. in Provenance-Progeny Tests in West Java Province, Indonesia Sudrajat, Dede J; Nurhasybi, Nurhasybi; Siregar, Iskandar Z; Siregar, Ulfah J; Mansur, Irdika; Khumaida, Nurul
BIOTROPIA Vol. 23 No. 1 (2016): BIOTROPIA Vol. 23 No. 1 June 2016
Publisher : SEAMEO BIOTROP

Genetic parameters for early growth of Neolamarckia cadamba, an indigenous species with potential as a source of timber wood, were estimated in open-pollinated provenance–progeny tests conducted at two sites in West Java Province, Indonesia. The experiment was arranged in a randomized complete block design with 12 provenances, 105 families, and five replications in four-tree row plots. Total height and root collar diameter were measured at 18 months of age. Significant differences among provenances and among families within provenances were observed for height and collar diameter at all sites, except for collar diameter among provenances at the Parungpanjang site. In general, the Garut (GSJ) provenance performed better than the Kualakencana (KKP) and Nusa Kambangan (NKJ) provenances at both sites. Evaluation of variance components at the two sites showed that the provenance effects (ranging from 0.5 to 1.7%) contributed more to the total variance than family-within-provenance effects (ranging from 0.4 to 0.6%). Genetic correlations between height and collar diameter were weak to moderate. Heritability estimates were low for all traits at Limbangan, whereas they were moderate at Parungpanjang. Estimated genetic gain for height and diameter based on proportional family selection of 0.30 was 0.13 and 0.18 at Limbangan, and 0.31 and 0.16 at Parungpanjang, respectively. Continued heritability measurement is required to obtain stable values. Stable heritability combined with family selection and within-family selection will improve genetic gain.

INTERLEUKIN LEVELS IN THE Zingiber cassumunar-TREATED MICE Nurkhasanah Mahfudh
BIOTROPIA - The Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Biology Vol. 28 No. 2 (2021): BIOTROPIA Vol.28 No.2, Agustus 2021
Publisher : SEAMEO BIOTROP

The cytokine is one of the proteins responsible for the immune system. Several types of cytokines acting as key regulators of infection include IL-10, IL-12, and IL-14. The chemical content of Zingiber cassumunar shows potential immunomodulatory effects. This study aimed to determine the effect of the ethanol extract of Zingiber cassumunar (EEZC) on the expressions of IL-10, IL-12, and IL-14. The test animals were BALB/c mice, which were divided into five groups, i.e., normal group (untreated), negative control group (treated with 10% of tween 80), and three treatment groups that respectively received 1.25 mg, 2.5mg, and 5mg/20g BW of EEZC. The treatment was carried out for 21 days. On the 22ndday, the mice were induced with LPS intraperitoneally (except for the normal group). The interleukin expression was observed by immunohistochemistry using specific antibodies, and the expressed cells were counted under a microscope. The administration of EEZC at the doses of 1.25 mg, 2.5mg, and 5mg/20g BW for 21 days increased the expression of IL-10, IL-12, and IL-14 significantly and proportionally to the dose. and suggested the potency of extract to induce both innate and adaptive immunity. This activity may be attributable to curcumin as an active compound in this extract.Â

ISOLATION AND CLONING OF cDNA OF GENE ENCODING FOR METALLOTHIONEIN TYPE 2 FROM MELASTOMA AFFINE SUHARSONO, SUHARSONO; TRISNANINGRUM, NIKEN; SULISTYANINGSIH, LULUT DWI; WIDYASTUTI, UTUT
BIOTROPIA Vol. 16 No. 1 (2009): BIOTROPIA Vol. 16 No. 1 June 2009
Publisher : SEAMEO BIOTROP

Metallothionein is an important protein for detoxifying heavy metal ions. This research was conducted to isolate and clone cDNA of gene encoding for metallothionein type 2 from Melastoma affine. Total RNA was isolated from young leaves. Total cDNA was synthesized from the total RNA by reverse transcription. The MaMt2 cDNA was successfully isolated by PCR technique. The MaMt2 cDNA was inserted into pGEM-T Easy and the recombinant plasmid was successfully introduced into Escherichia coli DH5Î±. DNA sequencing analysis showed that this cDNA is full length consisting of 246 pb encoding 81 amino acid residues. This cDNA is identical to mRNA of AtMt2 from Arabidopsis thaliana. It does not contain any restriction sites found in the cloning sites of pGEM-T easy. The deduced protein of MaMT2 contains 14 cysteine residues distributed in the Cys-Cys, Cys-X-Cys, and Cys-X-X-Cys motifs. Â Key words: cDNA, metallothionein, Melastoma affine, cloning, cysteine

MORPHOLOGICAL VARIATION OF THE ECOTYPES OF Echinochloa crus-galli var crus-galli (L). Beauv (Barnyard grass: Poaceae) IN MALAYSIA and INDONESIA SOET1KNO S SASTROUTOMO; ABDUL SHUKOR JURAIMI; JUGAH KADIR; SUHAIMI NAPIS; ARIFIN TASRIF
BIOTROPIA - The Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Biology No. 22 (2004)
Publisher : SEAMEO BIOTROP

Greenhouse experiments were conducted to examine the morphological traits of barnyard grass ecotypes from diverse geographic origin. Seeds (caryopsis) were collected from 17 locations ofÂ rice fields throughout Malaysia (11 states) and Indonesia (six provinces) and were grown in pots eachÂ containing 10 kg of paddy field soil. The experiments were arranged using completely randomized design (CRD) with fiveÂ replicates. Mean separation was calculated using Duncan multiple range test at 5% probability level. Unweighted pair-group method of arithmetic averages (UPGMA) was performed to determine the individual relationship within ecotypes of barnyard grass. Twelve morphological traits such as culm, panicle, leaf, and spikelet traits were measured. The growth characters such as emergence date, heading time, and growth duration were also evaluated. The average of emergence date, heading time, and growth duration of barnyard grass collected from Perils, Kedah, Penang, and Johor were relatively earlier than other ecotypes. Six groups were classified based on the cluster analysis of Malaysian ecotypes of barnyard grass. Principal componentÂ indicated that group six was found to be highly variable compared to others. While three groups were identified in Indonesian ecotypes of barnyard grass. Group one was observed to be highly variable. Results demonstrated that morphological variation amongÂ ecotypes of barnyard grass showing differences between the two regions illustrate the role of geographic variation. Key words : Variation / ecotypes / paddy field weeds / barnyard grass.

Optimization Bacterial Density and Fertilizer Dosage for Bioremediation of Oil Contaminated Sandy Beach: A Case of Cilacap, Indonesia Darmayati, Yeti; Sanusi, Harpasis S.; Prartono, Tri; Santosa, Dwi Andreas; Nuchsin, Ruyitno
BIOTROPIA Vol. 24 No. 3 (2017): BIOTROPIA Vol. 24 No. 3 December 2017
Publisher : SEAMEO BIOTROP

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11598/btb.2017.24.3.611

Bioremediation, involving biostimulation and/or bioaugmentation, is a promising method to overcome oil spills in Cilacap coastal waters. Cilacap coastal area has high risk on oil pollution. This study investigated the stimulatory effect of nitrogen concentration, bacterial density and the composition of bacterial culture in enhancing oil degradation in this area. The applications of 4 different concentrations of Slow Release Fertilizer (SRF) and 2 different densities of bacterial cells in the form of single (RCO/B/08_008) and mixed culture were employed in microcosm experiments for 28 days. The efficacy of combining bacterial culture and fertilizer application in various concentrations was also tested. Oil degradation, bacterial growth and environmental parameters were monitored periodically during the experiments. The results showed that oil degradation rate was more influenced by nutrient concentration (biostimulation) than bacterial number or culture composition (bioaugmentation) added. The efficacy of biostimulation in degrading oil was better than that of bioaugmentation. Biostimulation increased oil degradation up to 6.4 times higher than the control. The optimum of fertilizer concentration added was 7.5 mg N/g (C:N ratio of 1,000:75), which increased depletion rate both in biostimulation-only and the combination of biostimulation with bioaugmentation up to 6.4 and 7.5 times higher than the control, respectively. It is suggested that bioremediation of oil-contaminated sandy beach in Cilacap would be optimal by employing a combination of Slow Release Fertilizer at concentration having C/N ratio = 1,000 : 75 and RCO/B/08_008 culture at density of 0.5 x 108 cells/mL (100% homology with Alcanivorax sp. TE-9).

SHADING EFFECTS ON GROWTH AND PARTITIONING OF PLANT BIOMASS IN PASPALUM CONJUGATUM BERG IPOR, I,B
BIOTROPIA No. 6 (1992)
Publisher : SEAMEO BIOTROP

Glasshouse studies were carried out to determine the effect of shading on the growth and partitioning of plant biomass in Paspalum conjugatum Berg. The invidual leaf rate expansion, final leaf are, specific leaf area, and the whole plant vegetative growth pattern, dry-matter production, leaf area as well as biomass partitioning were significantly influenced by shading. At the 75% level of shading, P. conjugatum produced the highest values of leaf weightÂ ratio,Â specificÂ leafÂ areaÂ andÂ leafÂ areaÂ ratio.Â IndividualÂ leafÂ assessmentÂ revealedÂ thatÂ shading significantly increased the final leaf area, duration of leaf expansion and specific leaf area.

Page 12 of 52 | Total Record : 520

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Contact Name Knowledge Management Department

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Editorial Address SEAMEO BIOTROP Jl. Raya Tajur Km. 6 Bogor 16134 INDONESIA

Location Kota bogor, Jawa barat INDONESIA

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Contact Name
Knowledge Management Department

Contact Email
kmd@biotrop.org

Phone
+62251-8323848

Journal Mail Official
biotropia@biotrop.org

Editorial Address
SEAMEO BIOTROP Jl. Raya Tajur Km. 6 Bogor 16134 INDONESIA

Location
Kota bogor,

Jawa barat

INDONESIA