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BIOTROPIA - The Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Biology
Published by Southeast Asian Regional Centre for Tropical Biology
ISSN : 02156334     EISSN : 1907770X     DOI : http://dx.doi.org/10.11598/btb
Core Subject : Health, Science, Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Immunology & microbiology Veterinary
BIOTROPIA, The Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Biology, is a scientific publication of the Southeast Asian Ministers of Education Organization (SEAMEO) – Southeast Asian Regional Center for Tropical Biology (BIOTROP). It publishes articles in the broad areas of tropical ecosystems and environmental impacts, biodiversity conservation and sustainable development and biotechnology.
Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Pertanian dan Biologi (Semua) - Ilmu Pertanian dan Biologi (Lain-Lain)
Articles 520 Documents
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INFLUENCE OF MOISTURE CONTENT AND LENGTH OF STORAGE ON FUNGAL INVASION OF PADDY RICE *) E. PADERES, DANILO
BIOTROPIA No. 10 (1997)
Publisher : SEAMEO BIOTROP

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (1037.32 KB) | DOI: 10.11598/btb.1997.0.10.129

Abstract

The relationship of moisture content and storage period to fungal population, seed germination, grain whiteness and translucency was determined. Various fungal species predominated at different moisture conditions and storage periods. The fungi observed belong to the groups of Aspergillus flavus-oryzae, A. glaucus, A. mdulans. A. candidus, A. versicolor, A. terreus and A. niger and  an unidentified species of Penicillium, Trichoconiella, Curvularia, Fusarium, Syncephalastrum  and Verticillium. The predominant storage fungi were A. fla\iis-oryzae and A. candidus whereas, the predominant field fungi were Trichoconiella sp., Cun-ularia sp. and Syncepfialastrwn sp. A decrease in the number of field fungi and an increase in the number of storage fungi with storage time were observed. Storage fungi were noted as early as five weeks after storage at moisture contents from 9.3 to 18.33%. The percentage germination of paddy remained high when stored at moisture contents of 9.3 to 14% but decreased with storage time at 14.5 to 18.33% moisture  content. The  percentage germination of paddy  reached  a peak  at  10-15 weeks of  storage. A  significant negative correlation between percent germination and moisture content was observed. At 14.5-18.33% moisture content, the germination of stored paddy decreased with a marked increase of storage molds. Changes  in grain whiteness was  not  affected by moisture  content. However,  a  decrease  in percent  whiteness  and translucency was noted after 25 weeks of storage.Keywords:       Stored products pests / Rice / Moisture content / Storage / Time / Fungi / Aspergillus sp. / Penicillium sp. / Trichoconiella sp. / Curvularia sp. / Fusarium sp./ Syncephalastrum sp. / Verticillium sp. 
Identification of Ralstonia solanacearum Isolated from a New Host : Cosmos caudatus in Indonesia Hanudin, Hanudin; Budiarto, Kurniawan; Marwoto, Budi
BIOTROPIA Vol. 21 No. 1 (2014): BIOTROPIA Vol. 21 No. 1 June 2014
Publisher : SEAMEO BIOTROP

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (18795.891 KB) | DOI: 10.11598/btb.2014.21.1.340

Abstract

The evolutionary dynamic of pathogenic microorganism might change pathogen-host interaction including the establishment of pathogen colonization in a new host.  The information of the new host of devastating pathogens will serve a basis for their control method.  An unknown bacterial wilt disease attacking wild cosmos (Cosmos caudatus) crop in Pacet-Cianjur, Indonesia was suspiciously caused a novel strain of Ralstonia  solanacearum.  The research was carried out to investigate the causal agent, characteristics and its grouping based on the morphological, physiological and biochemical properties and the relationship of the pathogen with the hosts.  The results showed the incidence of bacterial wilt on wild cosmos was epidemiologically caused by the species complex of pathogen R. solanacearum.  Based on the symptoms, morphological, physiological, biochemical and pathogenicity evaluations, the strain classified into group 7, race 1 and biovar 3 and group 7.  This was the first report of the incidence of R. solanacearum hosted naturally in wild cosmos in Indonesia.
Regulation of Adipogenesis and Key Adipogenic Gene Expression by Mangosteen Pericarp Extract and Xanthones in 3T3-L1 Cells Widowati, Wahyu; Darsono, Lusiana; Suherman, Jo; Afifah, Ervi; Rizal, Rizal; Arinta, Yukko; Mozef, Tjandrawati; Suciati, Tri
BIOTROPIA Vol. 27 No. 1 (2020): BIOTROPIA Vol. 27 No. 1 April 2020
Publisher : SEAMEO BIOTROP

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (13.545 KB) | DOI: 10.11598/btb.2020.27.1.932

Abstract

Obesity is one of the risk factors for atherosclerosis, and its occurrence and development are associated with fat accumulation and adipocyte differentiation. Thus, the suppression of adipocyte differentiation can be a potential anti-obesity approach. This study examined the effect of mangosteen pericarp extract (MPE) and xanthones (α-Mangostin (AM) and γ-Mangostin (GM)) on the expression of PPARγ, C/EBPα, SCD1, LPL, aP2, adipoQ, and FAS in 3T3-L1 cells. Concentrations of MPE and xanthones used were based on cytotoxicity assays on 3T3-L1 cells. Three different MPE concentrations (0, 25, and 50 µg/mL), three AM concentrations (0, 25, and 50 µM), and GM concentrations (0, 50, and 75 µM) were used. The expressions of PPARγ, C/EBPα, SCD1, LPL, aP2, adipoQ, and FAS genes were measured using real-time quantitative PCR. Gene expression was downregulated in cells treated with 50 µg/mL MPE and 50 µM GM. However, 25 µM and 50 µM AM did not suppress PPARγ and SCD1 expression. The 50 µM AM treatment also failed to reduce aP2 gene expression. Overall, MPE and GM demonstrated potential anti-adipogenesis and anti-obesity effects by suppressing the expression of PPARγ, C/EBPα, SCD1, LPL, aP2, adipoQ, and FAS in 3T3-L1 cells.
A NOVEL INTEGRON IN THE GENOME OF ESCHERICHIA COLI ISOLATED FROM INDONESIAN MONITOR LIZARD (VARANUS SPP). ESTI PUSPITASARI; ANTONIUS SUWANTO; AMARILA MALIK; WALTER ERDELEN
BIOTROPIA - The Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Biology No. 16 (2001)
Publisher : SEAMEO BIOTROP

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (97.942 KB) | DOI: 10.11598/btb.2001.0.16.163

Abstract

The genotype of antibiotic resistance  in natural isolates of Escherichia coli was determined  through integron detection and  characterization of the associated antibiotic  resistance. E. coli SG2 isolated from Varanus salvator  of Java demonstrated  resistance  to spectinomycin (50ng/ml)  and streptomycin (SOng/ml). Integron detection indicated  that eight isolates out of nine E. coli  isolates possessed a conserved segment of the integron. Amplification of  the inserted cassette of the integron in this SG2 isolate yielded a 1-kb DNA fragment. Sequence analyses indicated that this fragment was homologous with aad gene, which confirmed  the resistance  to spectinomycin/streptomycin. This is the first report on the presence of integron in the E. coli isolated from the environment. Key words: Integron / antibiotic resistance / Escherichia coli
Fiber Disruption of Betung Bamboo (Dendrocalamus asper) by Combined Fungal and Microwave Pretreatment Fatriasari, Widya; Syafii, Wasrin; Wistara, Nyoman; Syamsu, Khaswar; Prasetya, Bambang; Anita, S Heris; Risanto, Lucky
BIOTROPIA Vol. 22 No. 2 (2015): BIOTROPIA Vol. 22 No. 2 December 2015
Publisher : SEAMEO BIOTROP

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (1200.375 KB) | DOI: 10.11598/btb.2015.22.2.363

Abstract

Combined microwave pretreatment is an effective method to modify carbohydrate and lignin structures of fungal and lignocellulosic materials, thereby improving the hydrolysis process for bioethanol conversion. This study aimed to evaluate the structural changes in carbohydrate and lignin components of betung bamboo following a combined biological–microwave pretreatment. Based on previous findings, a 30-day incubation using 5% and 10% (w/v) inoculum loading of the white-rot fungus Trametes versicolor—which showed the highest delignification selectivity—was selected as the fungal pretreatment. Microwave irradiation was then applied for 5, 10, and 12.5 minutes at 330 W. Characterization of structural changes was conducted using FTIR spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). FTIR analysis revealed that the combined pretreatment affected only the intensity of absorption bands without altering the functional groups. A decline in peak intensity occurred at 1,736 cm⁻¹ (C=O in xylan), 1,373 cm⁻¹ (C–H deformation in cellulose and hemicellulose), 1,165 cm⁻¹ (C–O–C vibration in cellulose and hemicellulose), and 895 cm⁻¹ (β-glycosidic linkage in cellulose). The pretreatment reduced hydrogen bonding in cellulose and weakened lignin–carbohydrate linkages associated with bamboo cellulose crystallinity. A slight increase in crystallinity index was observed due to cleavage of the amorphous fraction. SEM imaging confirmed the disruption of fiber structure, showing increasing degradation with longer microwave exposure durations.
Dominance, Association and Distribution Pattern of Tree Species in Burnt Forest in East Kalimantan Rahayu, Subekti
BIOTROPIA Vol. 28 No. 1 (2021): BIOTROPIA Vol. 28 No. 1 April 2021
Publisher : SEAMEO BIOTROP

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (300.771 KB) | DOI: 10.11598/btb.0.0.0.907

Abstract

Repeated forest fires remarkably impact species composition. Pioneer species colonize the burnt forest and widely develop up to 30 years after a fire, but late-succession species regenerate gradually or even disappear owing to direct impact of fires or other ecological consequences related to fires. Hence, forest restoration through assisted natural regeneration needs some information about the state of post-fire species composition. To better evaluate tree species composition after repeated fires, the species dominance as an indicator of species composition was used in this research, with additional information on the species association and distribution patterns. A 1.8-hectare plot, divided into 180 subplots with a size of 10 × 10 m, was established in a secondary forest in Samboja Research Forest, East Kalimantan. The sample plot was burnt in 1982/1983 and 1997/1998. All trees above 10 cm DBH were measured and leaf specimens were collected for species identification at the Herbarium Bogoriense, Cibinong, West Java. For comparison, the 1981 data from the Indonesian Institute of Sciences were used. Analysis of the Importance Value Index used the species dominance data. A 2 × 2 matrix based on the presence–absence of species for each subplot was used to analyze the association index among species. Variance and average value ratio of certain species present in each subplot were expressed in a dispersion index. A chi-square was used to test the significance between the association and dispersion index. Thirteen years after a second fire, pioneer species Macaranga gigantea were most dominant, followed by Vernonia arborea, a sub-climax species. This indicated that the forest was in an early succession process. Pholidocarpus majadum was consistently dominant before and after the fire. A total of 38 pairs of species were significantly positively associated and 4801 pairs negatively associated. About 60% of species association, both negatively and positively, were among the "native species" (species that existed before the fire events) and "non-native species" (newcomer species that regenerated after the fire) in the plot sample. A non-native species, Vernonia arborea, associated negatively with the non-native species Tabernaemontana spireumcama, and native species Oncosperma horridum, Palaquium and Endiandra rubescens. The distribution pattern of four native species, Artocarpus, Cananga odorata, Croton laevifolius and Macaranga gigantea, changed after repeated fires, from uniform to clumped.
CYTOTOXIC PROTEIN FROM Trichosanthes cucumerina L. var anguina (L.) Haines Zafrollah, Churiyah; SUMARYONO, WAHONO
BIOTROPIA Vol. 17 No. 1 (2010): BIOTROPIA Vol. 17 No. 1 June 2010
Publisher : SEAMEO BIOTROP

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (2781.225 KB) | DOI: 10.11598/btb.2010.17.1.54

Abstract

Three proteins were discovered, they were: TF2 from fruit, TS3 from seed and TR3 from root of Trichosanthes cucumerina L. var anguina (L.) Haines by extraction with Phosphate Buffer Saline (PBS). The proteins were precipitated using 80% saturated ammonium sulphate and then were dialysed using cellophane. Furthermore, the dialysate was fractionated through gel filtration chromatography. The highest protein yield was 1.109%, resulted from TS3, then 0.356% from TR3, and the lowest was 0.014% from TF2. Characterization of the proteins using SDS-PAGE indicated that all of the protein fractions showed more than one sub unit molecular masses (Mr) in the range of 16 - 29 kDa. The toxicity (LC50) of proteins on brine shrimp lethality test were within range of 19 µg/ml - 25 µg/ml. The cytotoxicities of the TR3 and TS3 proteins on cancer cell line indicated that both of the active proteins inhibit proliferation of HeLa and K-562 cells with IC50 up to 45 µg/ml. Keywords : Trichosanthes cucumerina L. var anguina (L.), plant part, protein, yield, toxicity, cytotoxicity, molecular mass.
EFFECTS OF CARBOFURAN ON THE REPRODUCTIVE CAPACITY OF A FRESHWATER SNAIL, RADIX QUADRASI, UNDER LABORATORY CONDITIONS VIRGINIA S CARING
BIOTROPIA - The Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Biology No. 5 (1992)
Publisher : SEAMEO BIOTROP

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (1177.472 KB) | DOI: 10.11598/btb.1992.0.5.197

Abstract

The  effects  of  4  sublethal  concentrations  of  carbofuran  (250,  500,  1000  and  2000  ppm)  on  the reproductive  capacity of R. quadrasi was determined. Results showed  that  incubation period  is delayed  and inhibited by 1000 and 2000 ppm carbofuran but not by lower concentrations. The hatching period is longer in treated snails and not  all  eggs hatch  in  the 1000 and 2000  ppm  treatment. The  percentage  of hatching  is inversely proportional to the carbofuran concentration. Oviposition  was  delayed  in  all  the  treated  stages  and  at  all  dosages.  The  higher  the  carbofuran concentration,  the  later  the onset of oviposition. The  reproductive period  is shortened. Fecundity was decreased in snails treated at EMB and SM. However, only the 2000 ppm carbofuran concentration showed an adverse effect on the snails exposure at PSM.
Selection and Characterization of Siderophore-Producing Rhizobacteria and Potential Antagonistic Activity Toward Ralstonia solanacearum Nawangsih, Abdjad Asih; Parida, Ida; Wiyono, Suryo; Kartika, Juang Gema
BIOTROPIA Vol. 24 No. 2 (2017): BIOTROPIA Vol. 24 No. 2 August 2017
Publisher : SEAMEO BIOTROP

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (1186.787 KB) | DOI: 10.11598/btb.2017.24.2.406

Abstract

Ralstonia solanacearum is an important pathogen of tomato. An alternative method to control this disease is through the application of biocontrol agents. Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) can be used as potential biocontrol agents, and PGPR producing siderophores play an important role in disease suppression. This experiment was conducted to select and characterize siderophore-producing rhizobacteria from tomato and to determine their potential as antagonistic agents against R. solanacearum. Candidates of PGPR were isolated from tomato plants grown in West Java Province, Indonesia. The isolates were screened for siderophore production using CAS medium. Among the 29 siderophore-producing isolates that showed a negative hypersensitivity reaction, two isolates exhibited the widest inhibition zones against R. solanacearum. These isolates were CP1C and CP2D, with inhibition zone diameters of up to 3.6 mm and 7.0 mm, respectively. Based on 16S rDNA sequencing, isolate CP1C was identified as Brevundimonas sp., while isolate CP2D was identified as Enterobacter sp. Both isolates did not negatively affect plant height or plant dry weight when compared with the control.
FRUIT PRODUCTION OF A SIX-YEAR OLD SHOREA STENOPTERA PLANTATION AT HAURBENTES, BOGOR, INDONESIA SUZUKI, EIZI
BIOTROPIA No. 2 (1989)
Publisher : SEAMEO BIOTROP

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (180.196 KB) | DOI: 10.11598/btb.1989.0.2.90

Abstract

A  six-year  old  plantation  of  Shorea  stenoptera  at Haurbentes,  Bogor  flowered  for  the  first  time  on October, 1987. In plots of 270 m2, 12 of the 32 trees had opened flowers. The average heights of flowering and non-flowering trees were 400 cm and 270 cm, respectively. The flowers and fruits were counted four times from October 28, 1987 until February 17, 1988. In October, a total of 24313 flowers existed and 1.9% of them became mature fruits on February, 1988. The fruit production was 308 kg/ha and 133 kg/ha in fresh and dry weights, respectively.

Page 13 of 52 | Total Record : 520

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