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BIOTROPIA - The Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Biology

biotropia
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Published by Southeast Asian Regional Centre for Tropical Biology

ISSN : 02156334 EISSN : 1907770X DOI : http://dx.doi.org/10.11598/btb

Core Subject : Health, Science, Agriculture,

Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Immunology & microbiology Veterinary

BIOTROPIA, The Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Biology, is a scientific publication of the Southeast Asian Ministers of Education Organization (SEAMEO) – Southeast Asian Regional Center for Tropical Biology (BIOTROP). It publishes articles in the broad areas of tropical ecosystems and environmental impacts, biodiversity conservation and sustainable development and biotechnology.

Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Pertanian dan Biologi (Semua) - Ilmu Pertanian dan Biologi (Lain-Lain)

Articles 520 Documents

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INTEGRATION OF NPP SEMI MECHANISTIC - MODELLING, REMOTE SENSING AND CIS IN ESTIMATING CO2 ABSORPTION OF FOREST VEGETATION IN LORE LINDU NATIONAL PARK JUNE, TANIA; IBROM, ANDREAS; GRAVENHORsr
BIOTROPIA Vol. 13 No. 1 (2006): BIOTROPIA Vol. 13 No. 1 June 2006
Publisher : SEAMEO BIOTROP

Net Primary Production, NPP, is one of the most important variables characterizing the performance of an ecosystem. It is the difference between the total carbon uptake from the air through photosynthesis and the carbon loss due to respiration by living plants. However, field measurements of NPP are time-consuming and expensive. Current techniques are therefore not useful for obtaining NPP estimates over large areas. By combining the remote sensing and GIS technology and modelling, we can estimate NPP of a large ecosystem with a little ease. This paper discusses the use of a process based physiological sunshade canopy models in estimating NPP of Lore Lindu National Park (LLNP). The discussion includes on how to parameterize the models and how to scale up from leaf to the canopy. The version documented in this manuscript is called NetPro Model, whicha potential NPP model where water effect is not included yet. The model integrates CIS and the use of Remote Sensing, and written in Visual Basic 6.0 programming language and Map Objects 2.1. NetPro has the capability of estimating NPP of Cs vegetation under present environmental condition and under future scenarios (increasing [CO2], increasing temperature and increasing or decreasing leaf nitrogen level). Based on site-measured parameterisation of VaM* (Photosynthetic capacity), /JjRespiration) and leaf nitrogen ONi), the model was run under increasing CO2 level and temperature and varied leaf nitrogen. The output of the semi-mechanistic modelling is radiation use efficiency (?). Analysis of remote sensing data give Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and related Leaf Area Index (LAI) and traction of absorbed Photosynthetically Active Radiation (/M>AK). Climate data are obtained from 12 meteorological stations around die parks, which includes global radiations, minimum and maximum temperature. CO2 absorbed by vegetation (Gross Primary Production, GPP) is then calculated using the above variables and parameters with the following equation:estimating NPP, while ecosystem respiration is set as a function of temperature for estimating NEE. Under present condition, the net absorption of CO> by the vegetation of Lore Lindu National Park (NPP) is 1330.31 gCm"2year"' and at double CO2 and temperature increased of 3.5 "C, it increased by 23 %, reaching 1638.80 gCm'2 year'1.Key words : NPP Semi-mechanistic model, photosynthesis, carbon sequestration, net primary-production, tropical forest

Light-Color-Induced Changes in Fatty Acid Biosynthesis in Chlorella sp. Strain Ks-MA2 in Early Stationary Growth Phase Osman, Siti-Mariam; Chuah, Tse Seng; Loh, Saw Hong; Cha, Thye San; Ahmad, Aziz
BIOTROPIA Vol. 25 No. 1 (2018): BIOTROPIA Vol. 25 No. 1 April 2018
Publisher : SEAMEO BIOTROP

Optimization of light supply remains a critical issue in microalgae biotechnology. The impacts of light color on fatty acid production and biosynthesis in microalgae are poorly understood. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of light color on growth and fatty acid content in Chlorella strain KS-MA2. Cells were cultured on F/2 medium and incubated under blue, green, red, or white light. The cells' growth, fatty acid composition, and the expression levels of the ketoacyl synthase 1 (KAS-1), omega-6 desaturase (ω-6 FAD), and omega-3 desaturase (ω-3 FAD) genes were measured at the early stationary growth phase. Results of this study indicated that light color affected cell density and fatty acid profile produced by Chlorella sp. strain KS-MA2. Cells cultured under blue, red, and white light had higher cell density than those cultured under green light. Palmitic acid (38.62 ± 3.29% of biomass dry weight) and linolenic acid (7.96 ± 0.88% of biomass dry weight) were highly accumulated under white light. Stearic acid was dominant under blue light (11.11 ± 0.14% of biomass dry weight), whereas oleic acid was dominant under red light (30.50 ± 0.14% of biomass dry weight). Linoleic acid was highly produced under green and blue light (28.63 ± 1.36% and 26.00 ± 0.81% of biomass dry weight, respectively). KAS-1 and ω-6 FAD were highly expressed under blue light, whereas ω-3 FAD was highly expressed under green light. The production of particular fatty acids of interest from Chlorella could be achieved by shifting color of light used during the incubation of the cell cultures. Blue light is the most suitable light color for producing biomass and stearic acid by Chlorella strain KS-MA2.

Invasive grass in Indonesia: What happen up to 2012? with comparison other institution and government sumadijaya, alex
BIOTROPIA Vol. 19 No. 1 (2012): BIOTROPIA Vol. 19 No. 1 June 2012
Publisher : SEAMEO BIOTROP

p { margin-bottom: 0.08in; } Invasive grass with dominant presence in ecosystem is often a neglected flora component. Meanwhile, the term â€œinvasiveâ€ must be standardized, for practical purpose must be considered as urgent matter. Various attempts to compile invasive grass in Indonesia were conducted sporadically by several experts across generations. Scattered data along pile of literatures awaiting to be written in order to produce a comprehensive list of invasive grass. This paper represents the first attempt in drafting the invasive grass list of Indonesia by using literatures.

Antimicrobial and Herbicidal Properties of the Fruticose Lichen Ramalina From Guimaras Island, Philippines Gazo, Shenly Marie Tobias; Santiago, Krystle Angelique Aguda; Tjitrosoedirjo, Sri Sudarmiyati; dela Cruz, Thomas Edison E.
BIOTROPIA Vol. 26 No. 1 (2019): BIOTROPIA Vol. 26 No. 1 April 2019
Publisher : SEAMEO BIOTROP

Lichens, a unique symbiosis between a mycobiont and a photobiont organism, are known to produce metabolites that can be tapped as biopesticides for agriculture. Such property of the fruticose lichen Ramalina collected within Guimaras Island, Philippines was investigated in this study. A total of 195 specimens were collected and characterized using conventional morphological and chemical analyses. These lichens were identified as Ramalina farinacea, R. roesleri, and R. nervulosa. To test their potential application in agriculture, nine lichen specimens were extracted with acetone and assayed for its inhibitory activities against test bacteria, fungi, and weedy plants. All nine lichen extracts inhibited Pseudomonas aeruginosa (>19 mm ZOI) while only seven lichen extracts inhibited Staphylococcus aureus (13â€“19 mm ZOI). No inhibitory activity was observed among the fungal plant pathogens Fusarium oxysporum, F. solani, F. verticillioides, Colletotrichum capsici, and C. gleosporioides, and on the Gram-negative bacteria Escherichia coli and Pectobacterium carotovorum var. carotovorum. A decrease in the root (up to 27% reduction) and shoot (up to 39% reduction) lengths, and leaf chlorophyll content (up to 44% reduction) of rice weeds Fimbristylis miliacea, Leptochloa chinensis and weedy rice (Oryza sp.) were also observed. These results, therefore, suggested that the lichen crude extract from Ramalina is a potential biological control for weed management.

STUDIES ON NATURAL PRODUCTS OF ALBIZIA SP. ARIFNURYADIN, HILMAN AFFANDI; AFFANDI, HILMAN
BIOTROPIA No. 11 (1998)
Publisher : SEAMEO BIOTROP

The bark ofÂ Albizia lebeckioidesÂ andÂ Albizia falcatariaÂ have been examined for their chemical constituents. A. lebeckioides has yielded the steroidal ketone, stigmasta-4,22-dien-3-one, and a triterpene alcohol as the major neutral components.Â A. falcatariaÂ has yielded a similar triterpeneÂ and fatty ester as its major constituents. The toxicity of the compounds was evaluated in bioassay against termites. The results showed that lupenone and stigmastadienone were toxicÂ ioNeotermes dalbergiaeÂ species. In contrast these compounds were less toxic to Cryptotermes cynocephalus species. Key words: Insecticidal plants / Albizia lebeckioides I Albizia falcataria I Bark / Extracts / Chemical constituents / Toxicity / Termites

Site Indicator Species for Predicting the Productivity of Teak Plantations in Phrae Province, Thailand Jumwong, Narinthorn; Wachrinrat, Chongrak; Sungkaew, Sarawood; Teerawatananon, Atchara
BIOTROPIA Vol. 27 No. 2 (2020): BIOTROPIA Vol. 27 No. 2 August 2020
Publisher : SEAMEO BIOTROP

Site quality assessment is critically important in any tree planting activity as it may serve a range of management functions such as optimizing productivity estimates of forest plantations. This study aimed to evaluate the site quality, using plant indicator species, for three teak plantations located in Northern Thailand belonging to the Forest Industry Organization (FIO). Twenty-four sample plots were chosen to cover all the growth classes within the age range of 6–39 years. The site index of teak was established by using the anamorphic technique which is based on dominant height and age at a base age of 30 years, divided into 3 site index classes as 24, 21, and 18, as good, moderate, and poor site quality, respectively. Associated species, the native species that are tree and shrub habitats, were surveyed in the 24 plots and indicator species were classified using the Indicator Species Analysis (ISA) and Two Way Indicator Species Analysis (TWINSPAN). The relationship between indicator species and environmental factors was analyzed by the Generalized Linear Model (GLM). The associated species were classified into 76 species with 21 families. The results of ISA indicated the significant indicator species under the good site class were Streblus ilicifolius, Lagerstroemia floribunda, Dalbergia cana and Lagerstroemia calyculata; while Schleichera oleosa and Dalbergia nigrescens were presented under poor site class, respectively. The results from TWINSPAN supported Streblus ilicifolius, Lagerstroemia floribunda and Schleichera oleosa were obvious indicators. Each indicator species distribution was influenced by various relationships with environmental factors, in which soil pH and N were the main factors to distribute all indicator species to 3 relationships. First, the indicator species positively associated with soil pH and negatively associated with N were Streblus ilicifolius and Dalbergia nigrescens. Second, the indicator species positively associated with soil pH and N were Lagerstroemia floribunda and Schleichera oleosa. Third, the indicator species negatively associated with soil pH and positively associated with N were Dalbergia cana and Lagerstroemia calyculata. The GLM analysis revealed P, Ca and elevation influenced indicator species distribution. As of writing, this is the first study on species indicators for suitable sites of teak in Thailand. Meanwhile, in the absence of confirmatory studies, these indicators can be used as a guide for farmers interested in planting teak. In bare lands, the farmer can apply these indicator species to determine the site quality based on the species' past appearance.

RECOVERY OF MORE THAN 10 YEARS-DRYING Monascus CULTURES AND ITS PURIFICATION METHODS FROM FUNGAL AND BACTERIAL CONTAMINATION Suharna, Nandang
BIOTROPIA Vol. 15 No. 1 (2008): BIOTROPIA Vol. 15 No. 1 June 2008
Publisher : SEAMEO BIOTROP

This study was carried out to understand the recovery capability of more than 10 years- drying Monascus cultures. A new simple purification technique from fungal contamination using ethanol-soaking treatment was also reported as a part of this study. The result showed that all drying cultures were recovered well and retained their characters such as good growth, pigmenÂtation and production of fruit bodies (ascomata), sexual spores (ascospores) and asexual spores. Several cultures showed its good growth in 20% ethanol medium. This study also reported sucÂcessful purification of cultures from fungal contamination using ethanol-soaking treatment. This self-drying method, therefore, could be suggested as a good long-term preservation method for Monascus cultures. Moreover, purification method from fungal contamination soaked in ethanol 70% or 95% was successfully effective.

MOLECULAR PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS OF MONASCUS FUNGI BASED ON INTERNAL TRANSCRIBED SPACER REGION N SUHARNA; Y. KIKUCHI; T. FUKATSU
BIOTROPIA - The Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Biology No. 24 (2005)
Publisher : SEAMEO BIOTROP

A molecular analysis of internal transcribed spacer region has been carried out to reveal the relationship among 16 strains of Monascus spp. A primer set comprised primer ITS1 and ITS4 was used to amplify this region in which they were cloned and scqucnccd. We also compared the sequence result with M. purpureus AF458473, M.ruber AF458470, M. kaoliang AF451859, M. araneous AF458471 and M. pilosus AF451856 and one outgroup species Thermoascus crustaceus U18353. The result showed that 16 Monascus spp. were divided into two large clades while M. ruber AF458470 was basically separated from all those Monascus. One of the two large clades included the seven M. purpureus strains, M. purpureus AF458473, M. araneosus AF458471 and M. kaoliang AF451859. Another large cladc included the six Monascus sp. strains which typically have whitish colonies, the three M. ruber strains and M.pilosus AF451856. However, even outstanding morphological differences possessed by several white MonascusÂ and one whitish M. purpureusÂ strain, all MonascusÂ strains were suggested to be very closely related with similarity >99% almost 100%. Although this ITS analysis could not discriminate cultural and morphological differentiation of Monascus strains studied, yet there is still little genetic variation within these strains. Key words : Molecular genetics/Monascus spp./fungi

Abiotic Factors Influencing Mantangan (Merremia peltata) Invasion in Bukit Barisan Selatan National Park Master, Jani; Tjitrosoedirdjo, Soekisman; Qayim, Ibnul
BIOTROPIA Vol. 23 No. 1 (2016): BIOTROPIA Vol. 23 No. 1 June 2016
Publisher : SEAMEO BIOTROP

Some areas in Bukit Barisan Selatan National Park have serious environmental problems related to the invasion of Merremia peltata (Family: Convolvulaceae). This study investigated abiotic factors influencing the invasion. The research compared abiotic conditions in three forest locations with different invasion levels: severe, moderate, and mild. Measured abiotic factors included percentage of tree canopy cover, microclimate variables (temperature and humidity), elevation above sea level, and the physical and chemical properties of the soil surface. In this study, canopy cover was categorized as an abiotic factor because it affects the amount of light reaching the forest floor. A post-hoc Duncan's Multiple Range Test (DMRT) was performed to determine significant differences (p < 0.05) among abiotic variables. Additionally, correlation analysis and multiple linear regression were conducted to evaluate the relationships between abiotic factors and the level of M. peltata invasion. Multiple regression analysis showed that canopy cover significantly (p < 0.05) affected the invasion. Based on the generated model, a 1% increase in canopy cover would decrease the M. peltata invasion by approximately 2.8%. Soil nutrient analysis through multiple linear regression revealed that the C/N ratio, and concentrations of P₂O₅, Ca, Mg, and Na significantly (p < 0.05) influenced invasion level. An increase in C/N ratio and concentrations of P₂O₅ and Ca were correlated with a reduction in invasion, whereas increases in Mg and Na concentrations were associated with higher invasion levels. Overall, the invasion of Merremia peltata in Bukit Barisan Selatan National Park was influenced by an open forest canopy and was associated with high concentrations of Na and Mg in the soil of invaded areas.

NATURAL HABITAT OF BALI STARLING (Leucopsar rothschildi) IN BALI BARAT NATIONAL PARK, INDONESIA Sutomo, Sutomo
BIOTROPIA Vol. 28 No. 2 (2021): BIOTROPIA Vol.28 No.2, Agustus 2021
Publisher : SEAMEO BIOTROP

Tropical savannas and dry forests in Indonesia are important types of ecosystems which provide habitat to support various endemic wildlife. Several of these endemic species are now seriously threatened and accordingly have high conservation status according to IUCN, including the Bali starling (Leucopsar rotschildi) which is mostly now restricted to the Bali Barat National Park. Given the high extinction risk facing such species, conservation programmes are likely to require multidisciplinary approaches that address both the biological attributes of the species itself, as well as their habitat requirements. Regrettably, for many species, their habitat ecology remains inadequately understood. The objectives of this paper are to: 1) characterise the habitat of the Bali starling in terms of structure and floristic composition; and 2) document evidence of vegetation cover changes in the Bali Barat National Park. Analysis of remote sensing imagery as well as field sampling for vegetation attributes was conducted to address these objectives. Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) was calculated from Landsat imageries using red and near infrared bands. Tree cover percentage data were downloaded from Vegetation Continuous Fields (VCF) product from the University of Marylandâ€™s website. Results showed that forest and savanna are the dominant land cover types in the Bali Barat National Park but their distribution is somewhat dynamic with changes in vegetation cover and greenness found across the years in which increasing cover of woody plants is the general trend. In the Bali Barat National Park, the Bali starling is mostly found at or near distinct vegetation boundaries, such as the border between savanna-forest; savanna-cropland; savanna-shrubland; settlement-cropland; and forest-shrubland. Although Cekik area had planted species that has been known to be able to provide shelter and food for Bali Starling (so was Brumbun), the bird has not been observed to be presence in the area since the 1990s. These results further confirm the importance of examining habitat patterns of endemic bird within a landscape that are influenced by multiple factors that interact in space and time. Addressing data shortage in habitat patterns within endemic species distribution is important for conservation managers developing conservation management strategies. Evaluating the remaining habitat of the species is important for conservation of Bali starling and useful for the reintroduction and release program to their natural habitat.

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Knowledge Management Department

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kmd@biotrop.org

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+62251-8323848

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SEAMEO BIOTROP Jl. Raya Tajur Km. 6 Bogor 16134 INDONESIA

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Kota bogor,

Jawa barat

INDONESIA