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BIOTROPIA - The Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Biology

biotropia
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Published by Southeast Asian Regional Centre for Tropical Biology

ISSN : 02156334 EISSN : 1907770X DOI : http://dx.doi.org/10.11598/btb

Core Subject : Health, Science, Agriculture,

Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Immunology & microbiology Veterinary

BIOTROPIA, The Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Biology, is a scientific publication of the Southeast Asian Ministers of Education Organization (SEAMEO) – Southeast Asian Regional Center for Tropical Biology (BIOTROP). It publishes articles in the broad areas of tropical ecosystems and environmental impacts, biodiversity conservation and sustainable development and biotechnology.

Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Pertanian dan Biologi (Semua) - Ilmu Pertanian dan Biologi (Lain-Lain)

Articles 520 Documents

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Spirulina platensis Diet for Milkfish, Chanos chanos, Larvae Sukardi, Purnama; Yansah, Noprie; Winanto, Tjahyo; Marnani, Sri; Prayogo, Norman Arie; Harisam, Taufan; Sudaryono, Agung
BIOTROPIA Vol. 26 No. 3 (2019): BIOTROPIA Vol. 26 No. 3 December 2019
Publisher : SEAMEO BIOTROP

In aquaculture, Spirulina platensis is used as a feed supplement as it contains the amino acid phenylalanine. This study was conducted to evaluate the differences in the effects of spirulina-based microcapsules and commercial diets on the absolute, daily, and specific growth rates, as well as the survival rates, of milkfish larvae. The larvae were fed with Spirulina platensis as a core diet in microcapsules with different matrix (wall) compositions. The first capsule wall consisted of gelatin and fish oil, while the second capsule wall contained gelatin, fish oil, and whole egg. The control group was fed a commercial diet. A total of 1,200 larvae were used in this experiment using a recirculating system. The experiment was conducted over 42 days of culture. The larvae were fed three times per day, and the feed amount was increased regularly in accordance with larval growth. The results showed that the effects of both spirulina-based microcapsule diets on absolute growth rate (AGR), specific growth rate (SGR), and average daily growth rate (ADGR) of Chanos chanos larvae were comparable to those fed a commercial diet. The survival rates were 80.6 ± 11.17% for larvae fed Spirulina platensis with a gelatin and fish oil wall, 84.6 ± 8.44% for those fed Spirulina platensis with a gelatin, fish oil, and whole egg wall, and 83.8 ± 16.50% for those fed the commercial diet. This study demonstrated that spirulina-based microcapsules had similar effects to commercial feed on the growth of milkfish larvae, indicating that this diet could potentially replace commercial feed.

PRESENCE OF hemA-LIKE AND hemT-LlKE GENES IN A JSUMBER OF ANOXYGENIC PHOTOSYNTHETIC BACTERIAL ISOLATES FROM INDONESIA AND SOIL SAMPLES FROM BOGOR AREA AINI, NURUL; SUWANTO, ANTONIUS
BIOTROPIA No. 15 (2000)
Publisher : SEAMEO BIOTROP

The Rhodobacter sphaeroides hemA and hemT are known to encode a distinct 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA)-synthase isozyme. This enzyme catalyzes the first and rate limiting step in ALA biosynthesis through the C4 pathway. This study was carried out to detect hemA-\\ke and hemT-\\ke genes in twenty Anoxygenic Photosynthetic Bacterial (APB) isolates from several wetland areas in Indonesia, and four DNA samples that were isolated from four soil samples obtained from Bogor area. Hybridization techniques of Southern and dot blot were used, using hemA and hemT fragment as probes. Southern hybridization analyses indicated the presence of hemA-\\ke gene in five of APB isolates, i.e., MB15, MB16, MB21.2, MB55 and MB6, whereas hemT-\\ke gene was detected only in MB15. Dot blot hybridization analyses suggested that the soil samples from waterlogged paddy-field, dry paddy-field as well as a mud pond were predominantly occupied by prokaryotic organisms which harboured hemA-]\ke gene. However, /iem7"-like sequences were also found in soil sample from dry paddy-field. Key words:Â Â Â hemA-\\ks gene / hemT-\\ke gene / Southern hybridization analysis / dot blot hybridization analysis.

Study of Herbal Topical Repellent Made of Betel Leaves (Piper betle) and Patchouli Oil (Pogostemon cablin) Mixture Against Yellow Fever Mosquito (Aedes aegypti) Widawati, Mutiara; Riandi, M. Umar
BIOTROPIA Vol. 22 No. 1 (2015): BIOTROPIA Vol. 22 No. 1 June 2015
Publisher : SEAMEO BIOTROP

Exploration of plants as natural repellent against yellow fever mosquito (Aedes aegypty) that transmits dengue virus to human is still underway. Betel leaves (Piper betle) could be used as repellent material. The study was aimed to test the repellency, potency, and safety of topical lotion repellent of betel and patchouli oil mixture against yellow fever mosquito. This study used nulliparous of 3-5 days old female yellow fever mosquito. Before the study, irritation test was conducted as safety test. Five treatments with five replications was implemented to seek the most effective repellent substance i.e. DEET lotion for positive control, betel leaves and patchouli oil mixture lotion, betel leaves only lotion, patchouli oil only lotion and base lotion only. The substance effectiveness was determined based on the rejection of yellow fever mosquito to bite human's arms and was analyzed using protective percentage. The irritation test showed no safety concerns. Protective percentage analysis showed that modified betel leaves lotion had mean protective power of over 900/0 for 6 hours. The data showed that the modified lotions had the same protective percentage as the DEET (ratio: PP (betel+patchou1i)/PP (DEET) =O.98; confidence interval 0.93, 1.04; p- value=O.50). This indicated that betel leaves mixed with patchouli oil is potential to be used as safe repellent against yellow fever mosquito.

Characterization of Rhizobacteria Isolates From Soil and Nodules Widawati, Sri; Suliasih, Suliasih; Susilowati, Dwi Ningsih; Muramatsu, Yuki; Sudiana, I Made
BIOTROPIA Vol. 27 No. 3 (2020): BIOTROPIA Vol. 27 No. 3 December 2020
Publisher : SEAMEO BIOTROP

The plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) is a group of bacteria capable of colonizing plants roots, thereby developing a system and improving plants growth and yield. The objectives of the study is to characterize the PGPR activities of several bacterial isolates {in-vitro screening), to examine their activities in stimulating soybean growth (in-vivo screening), and to identify the bacterial species. These were isolated from nodules and soil samples collected from Mount Pancar in Bogor, West Java Province as well as from Bangkirai Hill and Wain River in East Kalimantan, Indonesia. The in-vitro PGPR activity characterization includes the N-fixing ability, ACC-deaminase, indole acetic acid (IAA) production, cellulolytic activity, P-solubilization, Phosphomonoesterase (PME-ase), and nifH-gene detection. The in-vivo PGPR activity with the greenhouse assay was conducted on soybean plant {Glycine max L.). All bacterial isolates were identified using molecular methods based on nucleotide sequence generated from 16S rRNA gene. Three isolates of soil and nodule bacteria with 7 characteristics of PGPR (N2 fixation, ACC-deaminase, cellulolytic activity, IAA production, solubilization index, P available, and PMEase activity) were successfully identified. These isolates were B045 {Klebsiella variicola InaCC B827), B116 (Klebsiella sp. InaCC B833), and B210 {Mangrovibacterplantisponsorlaa.CC B841). The greenhouse assay showed that the plant height, plant dry weight and number of flowers in soybean seedlings significantly increased with Bradyrhispbium sp. strain 4167, then with Klebsiella sp. InaCC B833 and Mangrovibacterplantisponsor InaCC B841. These bacterial isolates which were characterized and screened in-vitro for PGPR potentials and their representative isolates which were identified by 16S rRNA sequence analysis are key factors for selecting PGPR isolates to be commercialized later as bio-stimulant.

GENETIC VARIABILITY OF POLYMESODA EROSA POPULATION IN THE SEGARA ANAKAN CILACAP Nuryanto, Agus; SUSANTO, AGUS HERY
BIOTROPIA Vol. 17 No. 1 (2010): BIOTROPIA Vol. 17 No. 1 June 2010
Publisher : SEAMEO BIOTROP

Abstract Mud clams Polymesoda erosa in the Segara Anakan Cilacap are highly exploited by the local communities for daily consumption. This is presumed causing population decline and potentially causing loss of genetic diversity. Genetic diversity level within population can be obtained by population genetic study using molecular marker such as randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD). Here we amplified RAPD marker using ten arbitrary primers to assess genetic diversity of P. erosa population in the Segara Anakan Cilacap to provide genetic data for its sustainable use. The result proved that the used RAPD marker has high polymorphisms. The mud clam population was also showed a high level of heterozigosity and genetic diversity.Â This has important implication for the management plan towards ustainable use of P. erosa in the Segara Anakan Cilacap. Â Key words: mud clam, RAPD, polymorphism, genetic diversity

POTENTIAL ROLE OF WILD CRUCIFERS IN THE PRESERVATION OF DIADEGMA EUCEROPHAGA HORSTMAN (HYMENOPTERA: ICHNEUMONIDAE), A PARASITOID OF THE DIAMONDBACK MOTH, PLUTELLA XYLOSTELLA LINNAEUS (LEPIDOPTERA: PLUTELLIDAE) UTOMO KARTOSUWONDO
BIOTROPIA - The Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Biology No. 4 (1991)
Publisher : SEAMEO BIOTROP

Laboratory andÂ field experiments were conducted to evaluate the potential role ofÂ two species of wild crucifersÂ in the preservation of Diadegma eucerophaga Horstman, a parasitoid ofÂ the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella Linnaeus. In the laboratory, D. eucerophaga developed quite well on P. xylostella larvae fed on leaves of two species of wild cruciferous plants, Nasturtium heterophyllum BL. and Cardamine hirsuta L. These wild crucifers may serve as food and oviposition sites for P. xylostella. In the field, N. heterophyllum and C.Â hirsutaÂ plantedÂ adjacentÂ toÂ insecticide-treatedÂ cabbageÂ plotsÂ providedÂ refugeÂ forÂ D.Â eucerophaga parasitoids.

Invasion of Acacia decurrens Willd. After Eruption of Mount Merapi, Indonesia Sunardi, Sunardi; Sulistijorini, Sulistijorini; Setyawati, Titiek
BIOTROPIA Vol. 24 No. 1 (2017): BIOTROPIA Vol. 24 No. 1 April 2017
Publisher : SEAMEO BIOTROP

The eruption of Mount Merapi in 2010 led to the dense establishment of Acacia decurrens Willd., an Invasive Alien Plant Species (IAPS). This dense cover occurred across all areas of Mount Merapi National Park (MMNP) in Java, Indonesia. This study aimed to describe the relationship between large-scale natural disturbance caused by volcanic eruption and the subsequent invasion of A. decurrens in MMNP. Vegetation data were collected using line transects at two locations: Cangkringan, which was affected by pyroclastic flow, and Selo, which was not affected. The distribution pattern and association of A. decurrens with other plant species at each site were analyzed using Non-Metric Multidimensional Scaling (NMDS). Microclimate variables, including temperature, humidity, light intensity, and soil moisture, were also recorded at each site. The correlation between species abundance and microclimate variables was further analyzed using Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA). The results showed that the population of A. decurrens was more dominant at the Cangkringan site compared to the Selo site. In Cangkringan, A. decurrens exhibited a clumped distribution pattern, whereas in Selo the species was distributed randomly. Ordination analysis (NMDS) indicated a positive association between A. decurrens and herbaceous plant species, while a negative association occurred between A. decurrens and other tree species. CCA analysis revealed that temperature and light intensity were positively correlated with A. decurrens abundance. Overall, the findings indicate that the invasion of this IAPS in MMNP is strongly associated with the disturbance caused by the 2010 Mount Merapi eruption.

SOILS FROM CULTIVATED STANDS OF SHOREA JAVANICA SKHFFINGTON, M.J. SHEEHY
BIOTROPIA Vol. 1 No. 1 (1987)
Publisher : SEAMEO BIOTROP

Soils from Shorea javanica plantations in different parts of Lampung province, South Sumatra were sampled to a depth of 50 cm and described. They variedÂ from quite deep loamy alkaline soils near Krui, to sticky acid clays behind Ngaras. The cation content of most samples was quite high, but organic nutrients were low, suggesting volcanic origin ofÂ the soils. Preliminary observations ofÂ performance in situ of S. javanica would suggest a requirement for deep loamy, fairly alkaline soils with a moderately high exchangeable cation content for optimal yield and performance.

REVIEW ON AFLATOXIN IN INDONESIAN FOOD- AND FEEDSTUFFS AND THEIR PRODUCTS DHARMAPUTRA, OKKY SETYAWATI
BIOTROPIA No. 19 (2002)
Publisher : SEAMEO BIOTROP

Â Aflatoxin is a human carcinogen thatÂ could contaminate food- and feedstuffs, and hence is a major food quality problem throughout the world. Afiatoxin is produced by certain strains of AspergillusJlavus and //. parasiticus. A number of studies have been carried out in Indonesia on atlatoxin contamination in Indonesian food- and feedstuffs and their products from 1990 up to present. They were maize, maize product, peanuts, soybean and soybean meal, black and white pepper, feed ingredients; chicken and duck feeds. Samples were collected from farmers, traders (middlemen), retailers (markets), supermarkets, exporters; poultry and duck community-based farms; and feed mi l lÂ industries. High levels of aflatoxins were often found in maize, peanuts, chicken feed derived from markets, and duck feed. Low levels of aflatoxins were found in soybean meal and chicken feedstuff. Aflatoxins were not detected in soybean, black and white pepper. Other studies have also been carried out on the effect of carbondioxide (CO2), phosphine, black pepper extract and antagonistic fungi on aflatoxin production ofÂ A. flavus in vitro\Â and the effect of airtight storage, phosphine, ammonium hydroxide, fermentation process, bag types, and phosphine in combination with different bag types on atlatoxin contents of maize, peanuts and soybean meal. Some of these methods reduced aflatoxin contents significantly. Keywords: Aspergillus flavus I Aflatoxin / Food-and feed stuffs / Product

Production and Characterization of Biosurfactants Produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa B031 Isolated From a Hydrocarbon Phytoremediation Field Retnaningrum, Endah; Wilopo, Wahyu
BIOTROPIA Vol. 25 No. 2 (2018): BIOTROPIA Vol. 25 No. 2 August 2018
Publisher : SEAMEO BIOTROP

The biosurfactants are used by several industrial sectors such as petroleum, agriculture, food production, chemistry, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals. Because of their hydrophobic and hydrophilic moieties, they have potency to reduce surface tension, interfacial tension between water-hydrocarbon systems, and low micelle concentration. Their characteristics strongly depend on the producer strain as well as on the medium composition, such as carbon and nitrogen sources. This study was conducted to investigate the influence of different sources of carbon (n-hexadecane, glycerol and glucose) and nitrogen (urea, NH4Cl and NaNO3) for the production of biosurfactants by a new strain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa B031 isolated from a rhizosphere of Paraserianthes falcataria L. Nielsen, a hardwood plant species at a phytoremediation field. The biosurfactant characteristics of the strain were evaluated, particularly its surface-active properties and potential to remove hydrocarbon. Glycerol was found to be the optimum carbon source, with rhamnose concentration, emulsification index, and critical micelle concentration (CMC) of 718 mg/L, 37%, and 35 mN/m, respectively. NaNO3 was observed as the optimum nitrogen source, with rhamnose concentration, emulsification index, and CMC of 290 mg/L, 30%, and 24 mN/m, respectively. These biosurfactants efficiently reduced surface tension of culture broth from 42 mN/m to 31 mN/m for the glycerol treatment and from 37 mN/m to 24 mN/m for the sodium nitrate treatment. The crude biosurfactants from the glycerol and sodium nitrate treatments also removed 87.5% and 84%, respectively, of crude oil from sand. These rates were higher than those of the chemical surfactants (SDS and Triton X-100). These findings indicate that the biosurfactants produced by the strain from both glycerol and NaNO3 treatments can efficiently decrease the interfacial tension of culture broth dilution and have a high emulsion index, thus hold promise in hydrocarbon bioremediation application.

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Contact Name Knowledge Management Department

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Editorial Address SEAMEO BIOTROP Jl. Raya Tajur Km. 6 Bogor 16134 INDONESIA

Location Kota bogor, Jawa barat INDONESIA

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Contact Name
Knowledge Management Department

Contact Email
kmd@biotrop.org

Phone
+62251-8323848

Journal Mail Official
biotropia@biotrop.org

Editorial Address
SEAMEO BIOTROP Jl. Raya Tajur Km. 6 Bogor 16134 INDONESIA

Location
Kota bogor,

Jawa barat

INDONESIA