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BIOTROPIA - The Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Biology

biotropia
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Published by Southeast Asian Regional Centre for Tropical Biology

ISSN : 02156334 EISSN : 1907770X DOI : http://dx.doi.org/10.11598/btb

Core Subject : Health, Science, Agriculture,

Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Immunology & microbiology Veterinary

BIOTROPIA, The Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Biology, is a scientific publication of the Southeast Asian Ministers of Education Organization (SEAMEO) – Southeast Asian Regional Center for Tropical Biology (BIOTROP). It publishes articles in the broad areas of tropical ecosystems and environmental impacts, biodiversity conservation and sustainable development and biotechnology.

Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Pertanian dan Biologi (Semua) - Ilmu Pertanian dan Biologi (Lain-Lain)

Articles 520 Documents

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RESPONSE OF TWO SUNFLOWER (HELIANTHUS ANNUUS L.) GENOTYPES TO VA-MYCORRHIZAL INOCULATION AND PHOSPHORUS LEVELS V.C. PATIL, C.P. CHANDRASHEKARA,; PATIL, V.C.; SREENIVASA, M.N.
BIOTROPIA No. 8 (1995)
Publisher : SEAMEO BIOTROP

The performance of two sunflower genotypes (Morden and MSFH-8) with and without VA-mycorrhizal fungi at three P levels (38, 56 and 75 kg P2O5 ha -1 ) in vertisol of Dharwad was studied to determine the effect of mycorrhizal inoculation on plant growth, yield and P uptake. The results showed that the VAM inoculation increased sunflower yield (14%), total biomass (16%), oil content (3.1%) and P uptake (30.5%) over uninoculated control. The percent root colonization and chlamydo-spore count decreased with increasing P levels. The total biomass production, seed yield and P uptake of mycorrhizal plants at 38 kg P2O5 ha -1 more than the non-mycorrhizal plants at 75 kg P2O5 ha -1 . The biomass and seed yield of mycorrhizal plants at same P level were more than the non-mycorrhizal plants. Mycorrhizal plants of Morden at 38 kg P2O5 ha -1 and MSFH-8 at 56 kg P2O5 ha -1 produced higher seed yield, oil content and total biomass than non-mycorrhizal plants supplied with 75 kg P2O5 ha -1 . The results indicated that, VA-mycorrhizal inoculation helps in saving 25 and 50 percent of recommended dose of phosphatic fertilizer (75 kg P2O5 ha -1 ) in MSFH-8 (single cross hybrid) and Morden (open pollinated variety), respectively. Key words: Mycorrhizas/Plant nutrition/Inoculum/Glomus fasciculatum/Helianthus annuus/Phosphorus fertilizers/Metabolism.

Enhanced Production Level of Quinine in Cell Suspension Culture of Cinchona ledgeriana Moens by Paclobutrazol Ratnadewi, Diah
BIOTROPIA Vol. 20 No. 1 (2013): BIOTROPIA Vol. 20 No. 1 June 2013
Publisher : SEAMEO BIOTROP

Quinine is one of the major alkaloids in Cinchona spp., and it is used both as a medication and as a drink additive. The plant produces most of its alkaloids in the bark after 6â€“8 years of age.Repeated harvests can be performed until the plant dies, but only after every 3â€“5 years. We tested an improved method for culturing cell suspensions of Cinchona ledgerianato investigate the possibility of increasing production of quinine. The clone QRC 315 was treated with either a growth retardant (abscisic acid or paclobutrazol) or precursor feeding of L-tryptophan. To generate stress, we applied mannitol at 5.3 g/L combined with sucrose at a lower concentration (20 g/L),and we used sucrose at 30 g/L as the control. Paclobutrazol (7 mg/L) significantly suppressed cell growth and produced the highest level of quinine (11%) after 7 weeks of culture. L-tryptophan also reduced cell growth, but without any positive effect in the production of quinoline. The highest amount of quinine per culture flask, however, Â resulted in cells treated with 3 mg/L abscisic acid.

Genetic Variation of Wild Musa acuminata Colla From Indonesia Poerba, Yuyu Suryasari; Martanti, Diyah; Ahmad, Fajarudin
BIOTROPIA Vol. 26 No. 2 (2019): BIOTROPIA Vol. 26 No. 2 August 2019
Publisher : SEAMEO BIOTROP

Indonesia is the center of origin and diversity of Musa acuminata Colla, one of the progenitors of cultivated bananas today. However, the genetic variation of wild M. acuminata has not been studied extensively. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the genetic variation of Indonesian wild M. acuminata based on 10 RAPD (Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA) and 10 ISSR (Inter Simple Sequence Repeats) markers. The genetic properties of 17 populations of wild M. acuminata were analyzed using PopGene 1.32 based on Nei’s unbiased measures of genetic identity and genetic distance. Of the 443 DNA bands produced, 425 (95.94%) were polymorphic. Cluster analysis of the combined RAPD and ISSR data produced a dendrogram that separated the population of M. acuminata (A genome) from M. balbisiana (B genome), but not from M. schizocarpa (S genome). Nei’s genetic distance among the 17 populations of wild M. acuminata ranged from 0.03676 to 0.1634. The highest genetic distance was observed between M. acuminata var. rutilifes (from East Java) and M. acuminata var. sumatrana (from West Sumatra). The percentage of polymorphic loci among the 17 populations of M. acuminata ranged from 9.93% to 39.73%. Nei’s gene diversity (h) ranged from 0.0410 to 0.1418. The population of M. acuminata var. malaccensis displayed the highest genetic diversity among the 17 evaluated populations. The high level of genetic diversity of the wild M. acuminata from Indonesia highlights the importance of conservation and preservation of natural populations, as well as their potential use in banana breeding programs.

VEGETATIVE COMPATIBILITY GROUPS OF FUSARIUM OXYSPORUM, THE CAUSAL ORGANISM OF VASCULAR WILT ON ROSELLE IN MALAYSIA Ooi, K.H; SALLEH, B.
BIOTROPIA No. 12 (1999)
Publisher : SEAMEO BIOTROP

Forty strains of Fusarium oxysporvm isolated from roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa var. sabdariffa) showing vascular wilt symptoms in three states (Terengganu, Penang and Ipoh) in the northern Malaysian Peninsula were used to investigate the vegetative compatibility. Nitrate-nonutilizing (nil) mutants were recovered from all the strains tested and subsequently used to study vegetative compatibility groups (VCG) within the population by nit mutants pairings on minimal medium. Thirteen VCGs were found and none were vegetatively compatible with those of other formae speciales (f. spp.) such as asparagi and cubense, and non-pathogenic strains from paddy and oil palm. The results indicate that there is substantial genetic diversity in F. oxysporum that causes vascular wilt disease on roselle as reflected by multiple VCGs, but the distribution of strains into the VCGs is not even as there are 26 representatives in VCG-1001M, two in VCG-1003M and VCG-1013M and only one in the other VCGs. This study may provide new insight into the establishment of a new forma specialis off. oxysporum. Key words: Vegetative Compatibility Groups/M/ mutants/fitsarium oxysporwrn/Roselle/Vascular wilt/ Malaysia.

Lipid Accumulation by Flavodon flavus ATH using Palm Oil Mill Effluent as Substrate Sudiana, I Made; Kanti, Atit; Helbert, Helbert; Octaviana, Senlie; Suprapedi, Suprapedi
BIOTROPIA Vol. 21 No. 2 (2014): BIOTROPIA Vol. 21 No. 2 December 2014
Publisher : SEAMEO BIOTROP

Large amount of palm mill effluent is generated annually. The waste would be potential for production of single cell oils (SCOs). The objective of study was to evaluate the lipid accumulation by fungi using palm mill effluent as substrate. To obtain most potential strains for lipid accumulation, seven filamentous fungi isolated from various biomes were evaluated for their ability to produce endoglucanase, and its lipid accumulation. Fungal hypae grown on palm oil mill effluent accumulated lipid of 34,3-87,5 of their dry cell mass. The profile of transesterified SCOs revealed a high content of saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids i.e., palmitic (C16:0), stearic (C18:0) and oleic (C18:1) acids similar to conventional vegetable oils used for biodiesel production. The strain was able to use organic substrates in POME implies that they are promising strain for biofuel feed stock as well as for meeting effluent quality for wastewater discharge.

Evaluation of Revegetation Practices in Post-Mined Areas of Indonesia Wijayanti, Meilina; Kapp, Gerald; Mansur, Irdika
BIOTROPIA Vol. 27 No. 3 (2020): BIOTROPIA Vol. 27 No. 3 December 2020
Publisher : SEAMEO BIOTROP

In compliance with government regulations, mining companies in Indonesia are obliged to reclaim and return post-mined areas to their pre-mining condition. Revegetation, as part of reclamation activities, plays a significant role in the rehabilitation of degraded post-mined areas to restore their productive land uses. Hence, this study aimed to assess tree growth on reclamation sites across four mining companies in East Kalimantan, South Sulawesi, South Sumatra, and West Java in Indonesia, and to evaluate whether the companies have met the legal requirements set for site revegetation. The success parameters were based on the applicable regulations of the Ministry of Environment and Forestry (MOEF) P.60/Menhut-II/2009 and tree growth parameters (stem diameter, total height, and basal area). The parameters set by MOEF included revegetation realization, survival rate, tree density, tree health, species composition, and rotation length. The four mining companies applied the two-phase planting method that included the planting of Enterolobium cyclocarpum for the first phase; and in the second phase, the slow-growing native species such as Intsia palembanica, Syzygium polyanthum, Shorea spp., and Elmerillia tsiampaca. The tree growth parameters showed different performances across species and reclaimed sites. An extremely high growth of stem basal area—57.6 m²/ha in 11 years—was recorded in the E. cyclocarpum stand of the mining company in South Sulawesi. All four mining companies strived to comply with the regulation, with scores of revegetation success ranging from 15 to 25 out of 25 possible points. However, these favorable results may not be representative of all mining companies, as those assessed were only companies voluntarily supporting this research. Moreover, each of the four companies made distinct efforts in implementing post-mining revegetation, such as establishing plots of Melaleuca cajuputi producing cajuput oil and polycultures of native species.

CHROMOSOMES OF THE PHILLIPINE SNAKE-HEAD GUDGEON, OPHIELEOTRIS APOROS (ELEOTRIDAE) FROM LAKE TAAL, LUZ ON ISLAND. Masagca, Jimmy T.; Ordonez, Jose A.
BIOTROPIA Vol. 14 No. 1 (2007): BIOTROPIA Vol. 14 No. 1 June 2007
Publisher : SEAMEO BIOTROP

Metaphase chromosomes analyzed from the anterior kidneys of Ophieleotris aporos obtained from Lake Taal in Luzon Island, Philippines revealed that the diploid chromosome number was 2n=46. The fundamental number (FN) is 48 (2 submetacentric and 44 acrocentric chromosmes) was known. There was no distinguishable hetemorphic pair of chromosomes in the Giemsa-banded metaphase spreads. This is an initial report on the chromosome set of O. aporos in the this country.

SOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF A NOVEL BENZOATE- UTILIZING Serratia marcescens DWI SURYANTO; ANTONIUS SUWANTO
BIOTROPIA - The Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Biology No. 21 (2003)
Publisher : SEAMEO BIOTROP

A new benzoate-utilizing strain, Serratia marcescens DS-8, isolated from the environment was characterized. The strain was enterobacilli, Gram negative, mesophilic, non halophilic, and aerobic bacterium that showed motile ovale-rod shaped cells. The isolate produced extracellular chitinase, protease, and prodigiosin (a red pigment produced by several Serratia strains yielding bright red or pink colonies). A physiological assay using Microbact* test showed that the strain was closely related to Klebsiella ozaenaeÂ (49.85%) and Serratia liquefaciensÂ (24.42%), respectively. However, 16S rRNA sequence analysis indicated that the strain was closely related toÂ S. marcescensÂ DSM 30121 with similarity level of 98%. DS-8 strain was able to synthesize its own vitamins. Optimum growth in benzoate was obtained at pH between 7-8.5 and NaCl concentration of 1-1.5% (w/v). The isolate could grow in benzoate-containing medium up to 10 mM. Other carbon sources that could support the growth of DS-8 were casamino acid, glutamate, glucose, acetate, potato starch, and ethanol. Keywords: Serratia marcescens/aromatic degradation/168 rRNA sequence

The Minimum Number of Valves for Diatoms Identification in Rawapening Lake, Central Java Soeprobowati, Tri Retnaningsih; Tandjung, S. Djalal; Sutikno, Sutikno; Hadisusanto, Suwarno; Gell, Peter
BIOTROPIA Vol. 23 No. 2 (2016): BIOTROPIA Vol. 23 No. 2 December 2016
Publisher : SEAMEO BIOTROP

Technical challenges in using diatoms for paleolimnological studies include the identification and enumeration of diatom valves. The minimum number of valves required for identification varies, ranging from 100 to 700 valves of the dominant species. This task can be very time-consuming, particularly when diatom valves are scarce. This study was conducted to determine the minimum number of valves needed for identification in diatom assemblages from Rawapening Lake, Central Java, Indonesia. Based on 314 samples collected from Rawapening Lake, diatom counting efficiency exceeded 0.85 when a minimum of 300 valves was counted. The number of diatom species identified remained stable after counting at least 300 valves. Therefore, the minimum number of diatom valves required to represent the assemblage for paleolimnological analysis is 300.

DIVERSITY AND DISTRIBUTION OF PLASMODIAL MYXOMYCETES (SLIME MOLDS) FROM LA MESA ECOPARK, QUEZON CITY, PHILIPPINES MACABAGO, SITTIE AISHA B.; DAGAMAC, NIKKI HEHERSON A.; DELA CRUZ, THOMAS EDISION E.
BIOTROPIA Vol. 17 No. 2 (2010): BIOTROPIA Vol. 17 No. 2 December 2010
Publisher : SEAMEO BIOTROP

Myxomycetes are ubiquitous in terrestrial forest ecosystems. Thus, this research study looks at the taxonomic diversity and distribution of plasmodial myxomycetes in La Mesa Ecopark in Quezon City, Philippines. A total of 240 moist chambers were prepared from four substrates (aerial and ground leaf litter, twigs and barks) collected within this ecopark. Following incubation of moist chambers for eight weeks, a total of 28 species belonging to 10 genera were collected and identified: Arcyria (3), Diderma (2), Didymium (5), Lamproderma (2), Perichaena (3), Physarum (8), Macbrideola (1), Metatrichia (1), Trichia (1) and Stemonitis (2). Highest myxomycete yield (85%) was observed in aerial leaf litter. In terms of taxonomic diversity, highest diversity was observed in bark microhabitats, although the lowest number of species was recorded in it. Assessment of their abundance and distribution showed similarities in species composition between aerial and ground leaf litter. This research study is the first report of plasmodial myxomycetes in La Mesa Ecopark in Quezon City, Philippines. Keywords: myxomycetes, slime molds, microhabitats, recreational forest

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Editorial Address SEAMEO BIOTROP Jl. Raya Tajur Km. 6 Bogor 16134 INDONESIA

Location Kota bogor, Jawa barat INDONESIA

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Contact Name
Knowledge Management Department

Contact Email
kmd@biotrop.org

Phone
+62251-8323848

Journal Mail Official
biotropia@biotrop.org

Editorial Address
SEAMEO BIOTROP Jl. Raya Tajur Km. 6 Bogor 16134 INDONESIA

Location
Kota bogor,

Jawa barat

INDONESIA