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INDONESIA
SIMBIOSIS
Published by Universitas Udayana
ISSN : 23377224     EISSN : 26567784     DOI : 10.24843/simbiosis
Core Subject : Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 11 Documents
 1   2 
Search results for , issue "Vol 11 No 2 (2023)" : 11 Documents clear
POTENSI ANTIBAKTERI EKSTRAK ETANOL JAHE GAJAH (Zingiber officinale var. Roscoe) DALAM MENGHAMBAT PERTUMBUHAN BAKTERI Salmonella sp. YANG DIISOLASI DARI TELUR AYAM KAMPUNG Chandrika, Carmen Gisela; Kawuri, Retno; Darmadi, A.A. Ketut
SIMBIOSIS Vol 11 No 2 (2023)
Publisher : Jurusan Biologi Universitas Udayana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24843/JSIMBIOSIS.2023.v11.i02.p05

Abstract

Telur ayam kampung adalah salah satu sumber protein yang digemari masyarakat. Konsumsi telur ayam kampung mentah perlu diwaspadai oleh masyarakat karena terdapat resiko kontaminasi bakteri patogen, salah satunya adalah bakteri Salmonella sp. Antibakteri merupakan senyawa yang dihasilkan oleh organisme dan dapat menghambat pertumbuhan serta membunuh bakteri patogen. Jahe gajah (Zingiber officinale var. Roscoe) memiliki aktivitas antibakteri yang dapat digunakan sebagai pengobatan untuk infeksi bakteri. Penelitian ini memiliki tujuan untuk memeriksa kontaminasi Salmonella sp. pada telur ayam kampung mentah yang dijual pada Pasar Badung dan potensi ekstrak etanol jahe gajah (Z. officinale var. Roscoe) dalam menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri Salmonella sp., serta mengukur Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) dari ekstrak etanol jahe gajah terhadap bakteri Salmonella sp. Keberadaan bakteri Salmonella sp. yang diisolasi dari telur ayam kampung yang dijual di Pasar Badung diuji dengan menggunakan metode pour plate pada media selektif Salmonella-Shigella Agar (SSA) dilanjutkan dengan uji biokimia sebagai uji konfirmasi. Uji daya hambat ekstrak etanol jahe gajah terhadap bakteri Salmonella sp. digunakan konsentrasi (90% (b/v); 80% (b/v); 70% (b/v); 60% (b/v); kontrol positif (ciprofloxacin 1%) serta kontrol negatif (etanol) dengan metode sumur difusi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dari 144 sampel telur ayam kampung mentah, terdapat 4 sampel (2,78%) yang terkontaminasi bakteri Salmonella sp. Ekstrak etanol jahe gajah dapat menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri Salmonella sp, dengan diameter daya hambat sebesaar 20,6 mm pada konsentrasi ekstrak 90% dan MIC dari ekstrak etanol jahe gajah terhadap bakteri Salmonella sp. adalah 10% dengan daya hambat sebesar 6 mm.
COMPARISON OF BIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF COPEPODA Acartia spp., Tisbe spp. and Oithona spp. Mukhamad Indra; Deny Suhernawan; Ketut Maha Setyawati
SIMBIOSIS Vol 11 No 2 (2023)
Publisher : Jurusan Biologi Universitas Udayana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24843/JSIMBIOSIS.2023.v11.i02.p10

Abstract

Copepods are one of the most abundant types of zooplankton from the Crustacean class in nature, their existence is the key to the survival of biota at a higher level by being a source of food for various types of fish larvae and shrimp. However, the large potential utilization of Copepods for the fishing industry, especially hatcheries, is not accompanied by information regarding the most optimal species for mass development. This study aims to determine the comparison of morphological characteristics between the copepods Acartia spp., Tisbe spp. and Oithona spp. which can be used as a reference for the development of copepods as an alternative natural feed for fish larvae. This research was conducted at the Gondol Maritime Cultivation Research and Fisheries Extension Center (BBRBLPP) from July to December 2019. Copepod sampling was carried out at BBRBLPP's experimental ponds in Pejarakan Village, District Gerokgak. Based on this research, it is known that the distinguishing characteristics between Acartia spp., Tisbe spp. and Oithona spp. are body size (length and width), length and number of segments in the antenna, number of eggs and number of segments in the urosome. Body of Acartia spp. has the largest maximum size (length 0,86±0,3 µm; width 0,36±0,11 µm) compared to Tisbe spp. (length 0,75±0,2 µm; width 0,24±0,07 µm) and Oithona spp. (length 0,4±0,14 µm; width 0,1±0,04 µm).
DIVERSITY OF BIRD SPECIES IN THE NUSA DUA LAGOON AREA, BADUNG, BALI Rozi, Muhammad Fathur; Ginantra, I Ketut; Sudirga, Sang Ketut
SIMBIOSIS Vol 11 No 2 (2023)
Publisher : Jurusan Biologi Universitas Udayana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24843/JSIMBIOSIS.2023.v11.i02.p01

Abstract

The Lagoon Indonesia Tourism Development Corporation (ITDC) area is a hotel waste management installation located in the Nusa Dua tourism area in the southern part of Bali that is surrounded by mangrove forests. This installation consists of five main ponds, pond 2B and 3 filled with tilapia fish as bioindicators, which attrach various types of birds to this area to forage or other activities. This study aims to determine the species and activities as well as the bird diversity index in the Lagoon area. This research was conducted from January to February 2022. Observations were conducted in the morning and afternoon with six counting points. The bird species encountered were recorded using the ten species recording method. Species identification were based on Mackinnon (2010). The tools used in this study were binoculars, a DSLR camera with a 70-300 mm lens and a Mackinnon field guide. The data obtained were analyzed using Microsoft excel. In this area, 45 species of birds were found with 6 protected species. Bird activities observed in this area include flying, preening, collecting nesting materials and foraging. Foraging activities were the most observed activity in the Lagoon Area. The bird diversity index at the Lagoon ITDC Nusa Dua area is 3.10977 which indicated high diversity, the distribution index is 0.81 which can be said to be almost evenly distributed and the dominance index is 0.087066 which indicate there is no dominant species in the area. The highest percentage of canopy use was observed on the forest floor or stems at 32.01%, and the lowest at 15.10% in the lower canopy.
IDENTIFICATION OF ‘TONGKOL’ FISH IN KEDONGANAN FISH MARKET, KUTA, BADUNG DISTRICT, BALI Aziz, Alifya Ibnu; Pharmawati, Made; Watiniasih, Ni Luh
SIMBIOSIS Vol 11 No 2 (2023)
Publisher : Jurusan Biologi Universitas Udayana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24843/JSIMBIOSIS.2023.v11.i02.p06

Abstract

‘Tongkol’ fishes are species in the family Scombridae. There are many types of ‘tongkol’ fishes, namely longtail tuna, eastern little tuna, frigate tuna and bullet tuna. Morphologically, ‘tongkol’ species are similar to one another. This can result in errors in recording the production of ‘tongkol’ species. The purpose of this study was to identify ‘tongkol’ species collected from Kedonganan Market, Badung, Bali using the COI (Cytochrome C Oxidase Subunit I) gene. Two species of ‘tongkol’ fish were purchased from Kedonganan Market, Badung, Bali. DNA isolation was carried out from fish fins using chelex, followed by amplification of the COI gene segment. The PCR products were then electrophoresed and sequenced. DNA sequences were matched to the database using the Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLAST) found in NCBI. Extraction yielded DNA with a concentration of 5.91 ng/ml with a ratio of A260/A280 = 1.3 for sample 1, while for sample 2 the concentration of DNA was 6.27 ng/ml with a ratio of A260/A280 = 1.33. The resulting PCR product is about 700bp in size. The results of the COI gene sequences had a gene size length of 682 bp for both fish species. BLAST analysis yielded a percent identity of 99.84-100% with eastern little tuna (Euthynnus affinis) and bullet tuna (Auxis rochei).
STRATEGIES TO IMPROVE THE QUALITY OF BIOPHARMACEUTICALS IN CHINESE HAMSTER OVARY (CHO) MAMMALIAN CELLS: A LITERATURE REVIEW Alayna Lillahida Indri Himawan; Adi Santoso; Endah Puji Septisetyani; Pekik Wiji Prasetyaningrum; Nurul Maulida Rahma; Inna Narayani
SIMBIOSIS Vol 11 No 2 (2023)
Publisher : Jurusan Biologi Universitas Udayana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24843/JSIMBIOSIS.2023.v11.i02.p11

Abstract

Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells are essential cells frequently used to produce biopharmaceutical molecules, especially glycoproteins. Nevertheless, to obtain an efficient production process and effective therapeutic consistency, the right strategy is needed to improve the quality of biological drug products. It is known that all the critical molecules involved in the immune response are glycoproteins, and many therapeutic proteins, such as vaccines, antibodies, and enzymes, require glycans to have total biologic activity. This review discusses the strategy used in CHO cells to modulate sialylation patterns through overexpression of sialyltransferases, CMP-sialic acid transporter, UDP-GlcNAc 2-epimerase (GNE), ManNAc kinase (MNK), and other related enzymes. In addition to modulating biosynthetic pathways to increase sialic acid content with gene overexpression techniques, this review includes methods for inserting glycosylation sites and manipulating glycans to produce the desired glycoforms. An approach through protein fusion techniques with Fc molecules from human IgG is also discussed to increase the protein half-life. Finally, as a strategy to improve the quality of biopharmaceutical molecules, this review also discusses the importance of cell monoclonalization in developing a cell line that truly originates from a single clone. This is a very critical step to obtain batch to batch consistency during the production process of a biopharmaceutical molecule.
INTERPRETATION OF ECOTOURISM BY TOUR GUIDE ON MANGROVE TOUR ATTRACTIONS IN BALI Izaati, Ismi Aliya; Dalem, A.A. Gde Raka; Joni, Martin
SIMBIOSIS Vol 11 No 2 (2023)
Publisher : Jurusan Biologi Universitas Udayana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24843/JSIMBIOSIS.2023.v11.i02.p02

Abstract

Ecotourism is an activity that focuses on nature conservation, environmental sustainability and local community empowerment. Mangrove ecotourism educate visitors about the importance of preserving nature. Tour guides play important role in providing education through interpretation. This study aims to determine the quality of the interpretation given by the tour guide to visitors, as well as the type of interpretation and interpretation facilities used by the tour guide. The research was conducted at Taman Hutan Raya (Tahura Ngurah Rai), and HPI Bali from January – June, 2022. The methods used are observation, documents examination and interviews. The interviewed guides were 26 people, and distributing questionnaire to 50 tourists. This study found that the types of interpretations that are used by Tahura Ngurah Rai tour guides and HPI are 9 types, interpretation facilities that are used by Tahura Ngurah Rai tour guides are 15 facilities and HPI as many as 15 facilities. The interpretation quality of Tahura Ngurah Rai tour guides was good (score 77%) and HPI tour guides was also good (score 75%). The tourist's satisfaction was excellent (score 84.4%). Aspects that affect the quality of tour guide interpretation include education, training, and experience. The expected benefits of this research was it could educate tourists and tour guides about importance of quality interpretation on tourists’ perceptions and attitudes.
HISTOLOGICAL OF MICE MAMMAL GLANDS THAT SUPPLEMENTATION WITH INFUSE WATER OF MANIHOT ESCULENTA LEAVES Warmadewi, I Gusti Ayu Intan; Rai Suarni, Ni Made; Sudatri, Ni Wayan
SIMBIOSIS Vol 11 No 2 (2023)
Publisher : Jurusan Biologi Universitas Udayana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24843/JSIMBIOSIS.2023.v11.i02.p07

Abstract

Fitoestrogen merupakan senyawa dari tumbuhan yang memiliki kemiripan struktur dan memiliki efek seperti estrogen. Flavonoid merupakan salah satu jenis senyawa fitoestrogen. Daun ubi kayu diketahui mengandung senyawa flavonoid. Penelitian dilakukan untuk mengetahui pengaruh seduhan daun ubi kayu (Manihot esculenta Crantz.) terhadap gambaran histologi kelenjar mammae mencit (Mus musculus) betina. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) yang terdiri dari 4 perlakuan dan 6 kali ulangan. Perlakuan terdiri dari K0 sebagai kontrol diberi akuades 0,5 mL/bb/hr, P1 yang diberi seduhan daun ubi kayu 0,5 mL dengan konsentrasi 7%, P2 yang diberi seduhan daun ubi kayu 0,5 mL dengan konsentrasi 9%, P3 yang diberi seduhan daun ubi kayu 0,5 mL dengan konsentrasi 11% selama 21 hari. Pada hari ke-22 dilakukan pembedahan, kemudian kelenjar mammae mencit (M. musculus) betina diambil untuk dibuat sayatan histologi. Sayatan histologi kelenjar mammae mencit dibuat dengan metode parafin dan pewarnaan hematoxylyn-eosin serta diamati dibawah mikroskop dengan perbesaran 100x dengan bantuan optilab dan program image raster. Parameter yang diamati meliputi rata-rata jumlah alveoli kelenjar mammae, jumlah duktus kelenjar mammae, serta diameter duktus kelenjar mammae mencit (M. musculus) betina. Data yang didapat dianalisis secara statistik dengan program SPSS seri 23 for Windows. Apabila dari hasil analisis berbeda nyata maka dilanjutkan dengan uji Duncan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa seduhan daun ubi kayu secara nyata meningkatkan rata-rata jumlah alveoli, jumlah duktus dan diameter duktus kelenjar mammae mencit (Mus musculus) betina. Dosis seduhan daun ubi kayu (M. esculenta Crantz.) yang paling berpengaruh adalah dosis 9 g/Kg BB mencit (M. musculus) betina.
KEANEKARAGAMAN BURUNG AIR DI KAWASAN MANGROVE CENTER KAMPUNG BLEKOK, SITUBONDO, JAWA TIMUR Romlah Setiawati; Ni Luh Watiniasih; Ni Putu Putri Wijayanti
SIMBIOSIS Vol 11 No 2 (2023)
Publisher : Jurusan Biologi Universitas Udayana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24843/JSIMBIOSIS.2023.v11.i02.p03

Abstract

Kawasan Mangrove Center Kampung Blekok adalah salah satu kawasan mangrove yang menjadi tempat habitat burung air di Situbondo, Jawa Timur. Keanekaragaman dan aktivitas burung air memiliki peran secara ekologis terhadap ekosistem serta dapat menjadi indikator kondisi lahan basah. Tujuan dilaksanakan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui keanekaragaman jenis burung air dan aktivitas burung air yang mendominasi di kawasan tersebut. Pengamatan terhadap keanekaragaman burung air menggunakan teknik pengambilan data metode titik hitung sedangkan pada pengamatan aktivitas Bubulcus ibis menggunakan metode scan sampling yang dilakukan pada pagi hari pukul 06.00-08.00 WIB dan pada sore hari pukul 15.00-17.00 WIB. Terdapat delapan spesies burung air penghuni tetap dan satu spesies burung air migran. Burung air penghuni tetap tersebut adalah spesies Bubulcus ibis, Ardeola speciosa, Butorides striatus, Egretta garzetta, Egretta alba, Nycticorax nycticorax, Ardea purpurea, dan Tringa hypoleucos, sedangkan burung air migran tersebut adalah Himantopus leucocephalus. Indeks keanekaragaman di titik 1 dan titik 2 pengamatan digolongkan rendah yaitu sebesar 0,90 dan indeks keseragaman digolongkan ke dalam tingkatan sedang yaitu sebesar 0,41 dan 0,43. Hal tersebut disebabkan oleh faktor adanya spesies yang mendominasi. Aktivitas burung Bubulcus ibis di titik 1 didominasi aktivitas menyelisik bulu dengan persentase sebesar 47,15%, sedangkan di titik 2 didominasi aktivitas terbang dengan persentase 55,24%. Hal tersebut dikarenakan faktor perbedaan karakteristik tempat kedua titik pengamatan dan faktor pengaruh manusia.
kupu-kupu BUTTERFLY DIVERSITY IN SANGEH VILLAGE, BADUNG DISTRICT, BALI PROVINCE Anak Agung Ngurah Bagus Adi Permana Dinata; A.A.Gde Raka Dalem; Ni Made Made Suartini
SIMBIOSIS Vol 11 No 2 (2023)
Publisher : Jurusan Biologi Universitas Udayana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24843/JSIMBIOSIS.2023.v11.i02.p08

Abstract

Butterflies have a biological function that can be used as a bioindicator of health assessment in an environment. This is because butterflies are insects or organisms that are very sensitive to changes in an environment so they are suitable as a study of conservation biology studies. The purpose of this study was to determine the type or diversity of butterflies in Sangeh Village. Butterfly sample data collection was carried out using the roaming method and was carried out for 3 months. Butterfly sampling was carried out on 8 lines called stations and sampling was repeated 4 times. Butterfly identification was carried out in two ways, namely in situ (at the research site) and ex-situ (outside the research location). The results of the research in Sangeh Village found 41 types of butterflies. The results of calculating the diversity index of butterflies at all stations were 3.18 with the highest diversity index at station II (3.02), while the lowest was at station VI (2.54).
RECRUITMENT OF SCLERACTINIA AROUND THE CORAL GARDEN NUSA DUA REEF FOUNDATION, NUSA DUA, BALI Sitompul, Kezia Ruth Marganti; Yuni, Luh Putu Eswaryanti Kusuma; Subagio, Job Nico
SIMBIOSIS Vol 11 No 2 (2023)
Publisher : Jurusan Biologi Universitas Udayana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24843/JSIMBIOSIS.2023.v11.i02.p04

Abstract

Coral reefs are one of the ecosystems that have an important role for humans. Indonesia is a country that has the largest coral reef ecosystem in the world, however, the condition of coral reef cover that is declared to be poor is relatively not small. Nusa Dua is one of Indonesia’s coast chosen for coral rehabilitation. Coral transplantation and its maintenance have been carried out for seven years by the Nusa Dua Reef Foundation (NDRF) at the coral garden, that located in Nusa Dua. This study was conducted to determine the effect of coral garden on recruitment in the surrounding waters by observing the coral recruitment in the area around the NDRF’s coral garden. Coral recruitment was determined by observing the species of recruit and its density. Recruit colony were determined by using the Underwater photo transect Method (UPT). The study resulted that the overall recruit coral density was 0.65 colonies/m2 which was classified as low. The study found 25 colonies of natural coral recruits from seven genus and six families. The recruit species found were Goniastrea sp., Pocillopora damicornis, Porites sp., Stylophora sp.1, Stylophora sp.2, Galaxea fascicularis, Montipora digitate, Psammocora sp. The species most commonly found was Pocillopora damicornis.

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