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Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran)
Core Subject : Science,
Journal of the Medical Sciences (JMedSci) or Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran (BIK) is an international, open-access, and double-blind peer-reviewed journal, published by Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada Yogyakarta Indonesia. JMedSci aiming to communicate high-quality articles in the areas of biomedical science from basic to clinical sciences.The journal welcomes papers from original articles, case reports, reviews, and book reviews. All papers published in JMedSci are freely available as downloadable pdf files. The journal began its publication on March 1973 and published quarterly (January, April, July, and October). JMedSci is abstracted and indexed in DOAJ, Crossref, Google Scholar, Sinta, Indonesia One Search. JMedSci is accredited by Directorate of General Higher Education, the Ministry of Research, Technology, and Higher Education, Indonesia
Articles 2,170 Documents
The protective effect of sunscreens against ultraviolet B-induced immunosuppression. A study on Langerhans cell depletion Flora Ramona SP Fajar Waskito Yohanes Widodo Wirohadidjojo
Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran) Vol 42, No 01 (2010)
Publisher : Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran)

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Abstract

Ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation can act as immunosuppressant by inducing an epidermal Langerhans cells (LC) depletionwhich could be inhibited by topical sunscreen. Several kinds of sunscreens with various SPF (Sunscreen ProtectionFactor) are now available. The minimal SPF which able to inhibit the immunosuppressive effect of UVB amongpeople with skin photo-type IV has not been established yet. The aim of this study is to determine the minimal SPFcapable to inhibit UVB-induced immunosuppression among people with skin photo-type IV. A simple experimental(post test only experimental) study was conducted among 5 people’s circumsized foreskins with Fitzpatrick’s skinphoto-type IV. Each of them was divided into equal 5 pieces of 0.5 cm2. Each of three pieces of skin was treated bysunscreen SPF 15, SPF 30, and SPF 50, a single piece of skin was treated with placebo, and all of them then weretreated by a single 100 mJ/cm2 of UVB 30 minutes later. A rest single piece of skin was used as control. After 24hours of incubation in incubator of 37O C and 5% CO2, all of them then was fixed by buffer formalin, blocked byparaffin, cut in 2mm of thickness, and then stained with anti CD 1a antibody with AEC as chromogen and Mayer’shematoxylin as counterstaining. The number of LC was counted by Image J Analysis programmed and the mean ofLCwere analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis test dan Mann-Whitney test. There were very significantly different of themean number of LC between UVB placebo group and control group (p < 0.01). Compared to the control group,mean number of LC among SPF 30 and SPF 50 treated groups were not significantly different (p>0.05). Sunscreenwith SPF 15 had LC number lower than control group significantly (p<0.05). The lowest SPF for preventing UVBinduced LC depletion among people with skin photo-type IV was 30.Key words : UVB - immunosupression – sunscreens – SPF -CD1aexpression
EarlyWarning System (EWS) for Dengue in Indonesia and Thailand Mohammad Juffrie, Dana A. Focks Dana A. Focks
Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran) Vol 41, No 03 (2009)
Publisher : Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran)

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Abstract

Background: Dengue virus infection is an acute febrile disease caused by 4 sero-type viruses. The transmission via mosquito vector Ae. Aegypti. The morbidity of dengue virus infection is quite high and the mortality below 5%. The most dangerous form is dengue shock syndrome, the mortality is very high. The effort to reduce morbidity and mortality is improvement of the clinical management and control of vector. Today, most dengue control efforts are based on suppression of Aedes aegypti (L.) and not eradication. EWS would provide significant utility where mitigation methods were available. EWSs were possible for three reasons, an extensive time series on the disease incidence the available, dengue being a vector-borne disease, is significantly influenced by weather, in many sub-regions of SE Asia, weather anomalies are significantly influenced by and lag behind several months, sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies. Methods: Analytic cross sectional study was conducted. The dependant variable in this analysis, Epi.yr. is dichotomous and indicates whether an epidemic occurred during a particular year. The two independent (predictor) variables are sea surface temperature anomalies as reported by the Japanese Meteorological Association (JMA) and previous cases. The monthly number of cases were dengue and DHF in Yogyakarta, Indonesia and the metropolitan area of Bangkok, Thailand. Results: Yogyakarta, many years were very near the epidemic cutoff of 278 cases, yet only one year, 1992 with 237 cases, was incorrectly labeled. The false positive in 1992, had a probability of 0.64 of epidemic and 0.36 of no epidemic. Bangkok, the best three-month prediction gave 6 false indication in 35 years, 5 false negatives, 1 false positive. For two month prediction, 3 errors in 35 years were made, 2 false negatives, 1 false positive. Conclusion: The results presented in this study is very use full for predicting the incidence of dengue virus infection using weather data. This method would only require a simple calculator, or preferably a PC using the derived equation. Key words: dengue -incidence -early warning -weather - probability
Kebutaan Akibat Kelainan di Fundus A. Soemarsono A. Soemarsono
Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran) Vol 17, No 01 (1985)
Publisher : Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran)

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Abstract

The mechanism of blindness by fundus anomalia was presented. The criteria of blindness were determined by visual acuity 3/60 or less. During a one-year period from januafy to December 1983 there were found 71 cases of blindness of both eyes and-78 cases of blindness of one eye. The kinds of blindness found at Dr. Sardjito Hospital were retinitis/choziorecinitis 27 patients, retinopathy 17 patients, glaucoma 69 patients, N 11 atrophy 16 patients, macula degeneration 2 patients, and retinal bleeding 2 patients, All the blindness were irreversible. Key Words: blindness - fundus anomalia - chorioretinitis retinopathy glaucoma
Epidemiology of cervical-root caries on teeth: High prevalence in the coca leaf chewing in the Andean people. Etty Indriati Etty Indriati
Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran) Vol 36, No 1 (2004)
Publisher : Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran)

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Abstract

Background: Cervical-root caries on teeth often called rampant caries or circular caries often suffered by children who consumed bottled sweet milk. In adult, cervical-root caries occurs in unique cases such as cancer patients who undertake chemotherapy, and narcotic addicts.Objective: The research was aimed to study the dental and oral health of Andean people who have traditionally been chewing coca-leaves as a part of their cultural and integral lives.Materials and Method: The subject of study was 210 Aymara people from highland Chile and Bolivia, Andes. They were given questionnaire whether they chew coca leaves or not. Without knowing whether one chewed coca leaves or not, each individual was examined for: the carious teeth, the caries location, the periodontal stage, the oral pH, the molar radices, the molar loss, and the total number of teeth preserved.Result: The result showed that people who chewed coca-leaves every day suffered cervical-root caries on their molar teeth, only radices of molars preserved, or even lost their molar teeth. They also suffered tongue desquamation and periodontal damage at the buccal area of molar teeth. In contrast, those who did not chew coca-leaves were relatively free from these dental disadvantages. Statistical analysis showed significantly high correlation between duration and intensity of chewing coca leaves with dental disadvantages (R=0,62 for molar loss; R=0,63 for bad periodontal status; and R =0,54 for cervical-root caries).Conclusion: It is concluded that habitual chewing of coca leaves damaged the periodontal region of the molar area, caused the root of the molar teeth to expose and led to cervical-root caries, then, only roots of molar preserved, and last, the lost of molar teeth. The high prevalence of cervical-root caries in coca-leaves chewers is in accord with other conditions such as cancer patients who undertake chemotherapy, and narcotic addicts. The alkaloid in the coca leaves are associated with the drying out the mouth leading to less self-cleansing and damaging the cervical-root area. Understanding the cultural tradition in a society is important if we were to understand the disease processes.Key words: coca leaves - Andes - epidemiology - cervical-root caries - molar
Cytotoxic effects of methanol extract isolated from Erythrina fusca Lour on cancer cell-lines Sismindari Sismindari
Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran) Vol 35, No 2 (2003)
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Abstract

Background: Erythrina is a medicinal plant which is frequently used to treat cancer in Africa. People in Java, however, use Erythrina fusca (cangkring) to treat varicella and measles. Previous works demonstrated that the methanol extract of this plant's leaves induced DNA topoisomerase II mediated DNA cleavage. This activity has been used widely as a target to find anticancer medicine. In order to be scientifically proofed the activity, therefore, it is necessary to analyze directly on the cancer cell-lines. Objectives: To identify the cytotoxicity effect of methanol extract of E. fusca leaves against cancer cell-lines.Methods: Cytotoxicity analysis of methanol extract isolated from E. fusca leaves was carried out against myeloma and HeLa S-3 cancer cell-lines, and to normal mononuclear cell. The level of cytotoxicity was determined by calculating the level of IC50 which was based on the percentage of the cell death following the 24 hours incubation with the extract.Results: It was demonstrated that this methanol extract was cytotoxic to myeloma and HeLa S-3 cell-lines with the IC50 of 0.005 mg/ml and IC50 of 0.08 mg/ml respectively. The percentage of the cell death on treated normal mononuclear cell with the extract, however, was very much low 110%). This was similar to that on the DMSO treated cells.Conclusion: The methanol extract isolated from E. fusca leaves was demonstrated had a selective cytotoxicity effect, as indicated by the level of the IC50 which was higher to myeloma compared to HeLa S3 cell-line, and had much less cytotoxic on normal mononuclear cells.Key words: Erythrina fusca, cytotoxicity, cancer cell-lines, mononuclear cell
Vibrio parahaemolyticus di Yogyakarta Trihendrokesowo Trihendrokesowo
Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran) Vol 10, No 02 (1978)
Publisher : Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran)

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Abstract

Keyword : Vibrio parahaemolyticus
Kedokteran Pengungsian Anonim Anonim
Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran) Vol 24, No 02 (1992)
Publisher : Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran)

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Abstract

Kata Kunci: Kedokteran - Migrasi
Sensitivitas rapid test untuk mendeteksi hepatitis surface antigen (HBsAg) pada penderita hepatitis-B Suwarso Suwarso
Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran) Vol 28, No 03 (1996)
Publisher : Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran)

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Abstract

A new rapid-test, sandwich immunochromatography assay technique has been recently introduced for the routine, rapid, qualitative detection of the presence hepatitis-B surface antigen (HBsAgl. To evaluate the sensitivity of rapid test, we studied 39 sera positive and one sera negative for HBsAg with conventional ELISA method. The study found that the minimal detectable level of HBsAg with rapid test was 4.03 ng/ml (range 3,25-4,03 ng/ml), it was 8 times less sensitive than conventional ELISA method (4,03 vs 0,47 ng/m1)• Many factors such as "eddy diffusion" and structure of HBsAg, humidity, direct contact with sunlight and sera of borderline-low level of HBsAg with conventional ELISA had a potency for lower sensitivity of rapid test; conversely, technical factors such as adhesion, migration and viscosity of the samples do not.Key words : rapid test - dry chemistry hepatitis surface antigen (HBsAg) - sensitivity - ELISA.
The effect of fitness dance for elderly on stature/arm span ratio of non-trained old women in Y ogyakarta Santosa Budiharjo Djoko Prakosa M. Mansyur Romi
Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran) Vol 40, No 03 (2008)
Publisher : Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran)

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Abstract

Background: Aging process causes changes of the body composition, body posture, and physical performance. In elderly people, the decrease in muscle mass, muscle strength, and flexibility of body segments reduce the maximum height at the upright standing position.Objectives: This study was aimed to find out the effects of fitness dance for elderly (FDE) on stature/arm span ratio of non-trained old women in Yogyakarta.Methods: Pretest and posttest control design was used. The samples consisted of 30 non-trained healthy old women of Yogyakarta, aged 60-70 years. They were classified into three groups, each consisted of 10 women, namely: Group I (GI) was given FDE 3 days a week. Group II (Gill was given FDE 2 days a week, and non-treatment control group (CG). FDE is a low impact aerobic exercise, created by Association of Indonesian Sports Women, Yogyakarta Branch. The FDE in this research was'the D series (low impact aerobic). The treatment was performed for 8 weeks, 40-54 minutes in each session. The intensity of exercise was maintained at 70-79% of maximal heart rate by controlling the musical beat. Before and after treatment (in the 2nd, 4th, 6th, 8th week), the subjects were measured using the stature and arm length anthropometry. This study was conducted in April-June 2003 at Kotagede, Yogyakarta.Results: The one way variance analysis among groups revealed that the ratio of stature/arm span was significantly improved (p
Prealbumin level at biochemical marker of nutritional assessment in premature infants Achmad Surjono Achmad Surjono
Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran) Vol 21, No 04 (1989)
Publisher : Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran)

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Abstract

Controversies in adequate nutrition for premature infants still exist. No single anthropometric or biochemical measures currently available are reliable for premature nutritional assessment.The aim of this study is to determine the usefulness of serial prealbumin serum levels in identifying adequacy of nutritional intake in premature infants during their neonatal period. A group of 18 infants ranging in birthweight between 1030-2050 g, nursed in the Dr. Sardjito Hospital until one month of age were included for study. Breast and formula milk were given in increasing amount and depending upon acceptance 120 Cal/kg of body weight/day should be achieved. Peripheral capillary blood samples were obtained for prealbumin examinations (by radial-immunodiffusion method) on the first day and at weekly interval afterwards. The infants were weighed daily and serum albumin was examined on 14 and 28 days of age.It turns out that the mean serum prealbumin in the first day of life was 7.9 ± L8 mg% and a significant increment levels on weekly measurements were obtained. It is shown that no correlation was found.between the prealbumin and albumin levels. Body weights correlated poorly with serial prealbumin values.It seems that prealbumin, with a short half-life of 1.9 days can be used as a sensitive nutritional assessment in premature infants. Modifying of adequate protein and caloric provision could be applied early to prevent malnutrition in the neonatal period of premature infants.Key Words: prealbumin - serum albumin - premature infants - nutritional assessment - caloric requirement

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