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Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran)
Published by Universitas Gadjah Mada
ISSN : 01261312     EISSN : 23563931     DOI : http://dx.doi.org/10.19106/JMedSci005303202101
Core Subject : Science,
Immunology & microbiology Neuroscience
Journal of the Medical Sciences (JMedSci) or Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran (BIK) is an international, open-access, and double-blind peer-reviewed journal, published by Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada Yogyakarta Indonesia. JMedSci aiming to communicate high-quality articles in the areas of biomedical science from basic to clinical sciences.The journal welcomes papers from original articles, case reports, reviews, and book reviews. All papers published in JMedSci are freely available as downloadable pdf files. The journal began its publication on March 1973 and published quarterly (January, April, July, and October). JMedSci is abstracted and indexed in DOAJ, Crossref, Google Scholar, Sinta, Indonesia One Search. JMedSci is accredited by Directorate of General Higher Education, the Ministry of Research, Technology, and Higher Education, Indonesia
Arjuna Subject : Kedokteran - Kedokteran (Lain-Lain)
Articles 2,170 Documents
 184   185   186   187   188 
Drugfever: Case report Siti Nurdjanah Siti Nurdjanah
Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran) Vol 23, No 04 (1991)
Publisher : Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran)

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Abstract

Fever is a feature of a variety of infectious and non-infectious diseases. Recognition of drug fever in hospitalized patients is critical. If the condition is not appreciated, the patient may be subjected to prolonged hospitalization and a variety of unnecessary antibiotics, laboratory, and radiologic studies.Fever is considered to be drug-induced, -an incompletely understood allergic hypersensitivity reaction to medication-, if other causes can be eliminated, if the temperature elevation is temporally associated with the administration ofsensitizing medication, and if the fever disappears within 72 hours after discontinuation of the medication. Any drug has the capacity to induce fever as an adverse reaction.This article reported three cases of drug fever. Patients appeared "inap p ropria tely well' for the magnitude. of their temperature elevation. They typically felt comfortable. Administration of antipyretic medications made the patients very uncomfortable and induced shaking chills. Their body temperature normalized within 24 hours after discontinuation of sensitizing medication in two patients. However, in one patient, the drug was not discontinued and the fever sustained, because she needed the drug.Key Words: drug fever - adverse reaction - allergy - hypersensitivity - antipyretics
Pendekatan rasional terapi infeksi saluran kemih pada USILA (usia lanjut) I Gde Raka Widiana I Gde Raka Widiana
Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran) Vol 28, No 01 (1996)
Publisher : Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran)

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Abstract

Aging may affect functional and structural changes of the urinary tract which modify the response against infection. Sructural changes in elderly such as prostate hypertrophy, urinary tract stone, the use of catheter, and the presence of cystoceles should be treated properly. Attention should be paid on functional abnormalities in elderly including bladder atonia, neurologic defects, and prolonged bed rest. Inadequate immune response in elderly may also play a role in the changes. Those factors make the treatment of urinary tract infections in elderly have to be carried out more radically.Complicated urinary tract infections, infection in males with prostate hypertrophy, and pyelonephritis need prolonged treatment. Recurrent urinary tract infections in female elderly patients need early prophylactic treatment. Doing a culture of the causative microorganisms and a sensitivity test for the appropriate antibiotics should be taken into consideration in the selection of the antibiotics. Flouroquinolones and cephalosporins seem to be drugs of choice in multiresistant and severe casesKey words: urinary tract infections - elderly - functional changes - structural changes - treatment
Improving the use of antibiotics in primary health centres through a problem-based pharmacotherapy training approach Iwan Dwiprahasto Iwan Dwiprahasto
Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran) Vol 35, No 3 (2003)
Publisher : Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran)

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Abstract

Background: Inappropriate use of antibiotics in the treatment of common diseases such as acute respiratory infection (ARI) and diarrhoea has been the major health problems in primary health centres (PHCs). Beside increasing the risk of adverse event, excessive use of antibiotics has also led to bacterial resistance worldwide.Objective: To improve the quality of prescribing of Primary Health Centers' (PHCs) physicians and paramedics particularly in the treatment of ARI and diarrhoea.Design: Prospective intervention study with control group involving 113 PHCs' physicians in both arms. Thirteen districts were randomly selected for study area, in which intervention was carried out in 8 districts while 5 other districts as control group. A systematic problem-based approach of 3 days training were carried out in the intervention group using 3 sets of modules, followed by self monitoring & regular visit & feedback by a Training Team. Evaluation on prescribing was carried out 3 times, i.e at the 6th , 12th, &18th month after intervention.Results: More than 17 thousands and 8600 prescriptions for ARI and diarrhoea were collected during the study. There was a significant reduction in the use of antibiotics for ARI in the intervention group from 92.3 before the study, to 67.4, 52.8 and 39.5%, 6, 12, & 18 month after the study (p0.05). There has been significant antibiotics prescribing shift toward more rational choice in the intervention group 18 months after the study.Conclusions: A systematic problem-based pharmacotherapy training followed by self monitoring & regular visit & feedback significantly improved antibiotic prescribing for ARI and diarrhoea.Key words: antibiotics - prescribing - problem-based pharmacotherapy training - acute respiratory infection - diarrhoea
Sensitivity rates of bacteria causing urinary tract infections to commonly used antibiotics Ning Rintiswati Ning Rintiswati
Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran) Vol 31, No 03 (1999)
Publisher : Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran)

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Abstract

Background: The choice of antibiotics in the treatment of infections, including urinary tract infection has been mainly based on previous clinical and empirical experiences. No antibiotic guideline is available for use in daily practice so that failure in the treatment of infections will inevitably happen. Since it is quite complicated work to prepare the guideline we start with a simple preliminary study on antibiotic susceptibility of bacteria causing urinary tract infections.Objectives: The aim of this study is to know the recent status of various antibiotics agent in relation to their efficacy in the treatment of urinary tractus infection, especially in Yogyakarta.Methods: Isolation, identification and antibiotic susceptibility test of bacteria from urine specimens were performed by available standard methods. Subject: Urine specimens sent to Microbiology Department for isolation, identification, and antibiotics susceptibility test.Results: The results showed that 184 isolates were obtained during the period of July 1997 to June 1998. Susceptibility rate of the isolates to ampicillin was very low, whereas the rates were much higher for ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, gentamicin, and amikacin.Conclusions: It is concluded that ciprofloxacin could be the first choice and norfloxacin, gentamicin or amikacin serve as alternatives in the treatment of urinary tract infections.Key words: bacteria - urinary tract infection - antibiotics suceptibility - sensitivity rates
The role of the pathologist in the oncology team Soeripto Soeripto
Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran) Vol 22, No 04 (1990)
Publisher : Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran)

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Abstract

It is clear that the function of the pathologist is to determine the definite diagnosis. Many physicians think that the role of the pathologist is limited to the hospital. In the oncology team the pathologist has an important role not only in the hospital but also in the community.The role of the pathologist in the oncology team among others are in secondary prevention, for an early cancer detection program in the community; to help the team in improving the health services in the population; to prepare the population-based cancer registration; to determine the definite diagnosis, stage, managementof cancer patients in the hospital, and to evaluate therapeutic reaction and management result of cancer patients in the hospital.Key Words: role of pathologists - fine needle aspiration biopsy - frozen section - population-based cancer registry - stages of cancer
Some causal aspects in the decrease of function of the aging heart Ahmad Muhammad Djoyosugito Ahmad Muhammad Djoyosugito
Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran) Vol 15, No 02 (1983)
Publisher : Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran)

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Abstract

The process of aging of an individual has begun since his existence in the womb. Old age forms the last stage of the process.In this aging process changes take place continuously affecting the morphology and function of the individual, his systems, and organs down to the ultrastructure and biochemical reactions, probably due to "intrinsic mutation"; some of those changes are universal and some are specifically affecting certain organ, tissue or cells.In the aging process the heart is not free from these change characteristics which affect the structure of the heart muscle and the vascular wall, and also their biochemistry. All these changes have their impact on the cardiac function.In old age differences are found in the heart from its previous stages of the aging process, which among others are:1. fragmentation of some myofibrils down to complete degeneration with its specific characteristics,2. decrease of the number of mitochondria: some mitochondria show signs of degeneration, 3. heart perfusion decreases down to 80%,4, degeneration of the coronary vessels.5. a change of noradrenalin metabolism so that in the heart muscle it remains 75%,6. degenerative changes of the cardiac valves.All these changes tend to decrease the function of the heart.Key Words: aging process - "intrinsic mutation" - aging heart - myocardium degeneration - senescence
Human behavior and its effect on oral biology: biocuitural observation Etty Indriati Etty Indriati
Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran) Vol 34, No 03 (2002)
Publisher : Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran)

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Abstract

Human behavior, tradition, habit, and culture are closely associated with human biological condition, their health and sickness. Thus, human's habits and activities mimic in their health and sickness. Among human cultural traditions reviewed are coca-leaf chewing, betel-nut chewing, tobacco chewing, irradiation treatment in cancer patients, tooth-tool use related to task activities, tooth cleaning and palliative purposes, and gum chewing. Many literatures have shown that humans' activities and habits have impact on their oral biology, ranging from gingival recession, hyperkeratosis of buccal mucosa, cervical-root caries on molar teeth, desquamation of tongue, approximal grooves, and leucoplakia on the oral mucosa. This review suggests that understanding a disease process requires knowledge of human's activities and cultural tradition due to the close association of culture and biology, behavior and health.Key words: habit, teeth, oral, biology, health
Pemeriksaan Laboratorium Kuman Gonococcus Trihendrokesowo Trihendrokesowo
Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran) Vol 7, No 01 (1975)
Publisher : Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran)

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Abstract

key words: gonococcus
Olfactory threshold values of C4VOE as test agents for measuring the olfactory capability Sukardjo Sukardjo
Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran) Vol 26, No 03 (1994)
Publisher : Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran)

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Abstract

The preliminary clinical study on seven volatile agents and their olfactory threshold values of cadinum, camphora, capsaicin, carbon disulphide, vanilla, oleum menthae piperitae and ether has been performed. Their concentrations in solution and as a vapour could be measured by regression calculation. The olfactory detection threshold of these evaporated agents constituted the following concentrations: cadinum 0.12325/0.007968, camphora 0.01993/0.0045364, capsaicin 0.0118/0.0007573, carbon disulphide 0.02703/0.0066363, vanilla 0.01884/0.004255, oleum menthae piperitae 0.01228/0.002064, and ether 0.014801/0.0003613. These agents could be normally recognized by healthy volunteers.The concentration of the agents can be drawn and displayed in linear graphic by arithmetic logarithm with 30% different vapour concentration for each agent. These volatile agents as test materials, based on these findings were called "C4VOE-GAMA Olfactometer". A clinical study to fmd out the normal standards of the olfactory threshold and the use of this test material in measuring the olfactory capability in cases of nasal pathology is suggested.Key words : C4VOE-LAMA olfactometer-volatile agent-olfactory threshold value-gas chromatograph
Human immunodeficiency virus infection in children, special aspects Sunarto Sunarto
Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran) Vol 30, No 03 (1998)
Publisher : Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran)

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Abstract

Human immunodeficiency virus infection in children and infants has some different characteristics compared to that in adults, including the transmission, the clinical manifestations and the clinical course. Many factors are associated with the vertical transmission, among others are maternal antigen p24 level, viral load, CD4+ -cell number, zidovudine therapy, and the presence of anti-Gp 120. Growth and development failure, interstitial pneumonia, and hepatomegaly are found in almost all pediatric AIDS. Lymphoid interstitial pneumonia (LIP) has a high frequency in vertical AIDS. Pneumocystic carinii pneumonia (PCP) as early complication occurs in about 10% of children with AIDS and has high mortality. Gastrohepatobillary dysfunction caused by various opportunistic microorganisms are common; disaccharidase intolerance also frequently occurs. The longer the children alive the higher the cardiac abnormalities. Neurologic abnormalities are found in 90% of vertical AIDS. The clinical course and the prognosis of vertical infection is associated with the maternal virus load, symptomatic HIV and p24 antigenemia, the lower the CD4+ cells in the mother, and the characteristic of the virus. The increased p24 antigenemia in the first 6 months of life, the opportunistic infections, and the progressive neurologic disease are related also to bad prognosis. Laboratory based diagnosis of HIV infection in infants is difficult especially due to the presence of maternal antibody. A number of tests is now under studies to find reliable and practical diagnostics, including polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of liquid or dried blood samples. IgA and other practical kit tests. HIV infected children show lower response against vaccinal antigens than normal infants. Anyhow, vaccination with killed vaccines is recommended for all HIV infected infants, including diphtheria, tetanus, killed polio. HIV infected children show response against H. influenzae vaccine. The advantages of BCG vaccination are weighted against the disadvantages. Varicella and hepatitis-B vaccine effectivity need further studies.Key words: pediatric HIV - vertical transmission - clinical manifestation - prognostic factor - laboratory diagnostics - recommended vaccination

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