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Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran)
Published by Universitas Gadjah Mada
ISSN : 01261312     EISSN : 23563931     DOI : http://dx.doi.org/10.19106/JMedSci005303202101
Core Subject : Science,
Immunology & microbiology Neuroscience
Journal of the Medical Sciences (JMedSci) or Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran (BIK) is an international, open-access, and double-blind peer-reviewed journal, published by Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada Yogyakarta Indonesia. JMedSci aiming to communicate high-quality articles in the areas of biomedical science from basic to clinical sciences.The journal welcomes papers from original articles, case reports, reviews, and book reviews. All papers published in JMedSci are freely available as downloadable pdf files. The journal began its publication on March 1973 and published quarterly (January, April, July, and October). JMedSci is abstracted and indexed in DOAJ, Crossref, Google Scholar, Sinta, Indonesia One Search. JMedSci is accredited by Directorate of General Higher Education, the Ministry of Research, Technology, and Higher Education, Indonesia
Arjuna Subject : Kedokteran - Kedokteran (Lain-Lain)
Articles 2,170 Documents
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Human sexual dimorphism: from an evolutionary perspective to practical . overview Rusyad Adi Suriyanto
Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran) Vol 41, No 04 (2009)
Publisher : Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran)

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Abstract

This paper goal is to discuss human sexual dimorphism in evolutionary perspective and practical overview. Evolution of human sexual dimorphism has wide implication !n human biological study and many applications to medical field. Human sexual dimorphism has experienced changes and adaptations along its proceeding to current time and space. These changes are natural consequences. Understanding this problem as process and products of evolution, we can enter this problem into medicine and be a background. Understanding as a background, as human natural history, we will understand why human can be so now and why he! she will change, including sexual dimorphism problem. The understanding of background is needed to avoid creation of human with narrow vision, highly specialized, excessive fanatics for self competency, easily astonished, panic and immediately tricked in real life which is complex and continuously changing. Human anatomy knowledge, as one basic medical aspect, sexually presents understanding that there are changing and developing characteristics among men (males) and women (femalesl over time. The medical intentions are aspects of sexual dimorphism directly applied and related closely to medicine. The paper begins with sexual dimorphism discussion, and continued by evolutionary perspective discussion, and followed up by practical discourse. This continuity is an effort to illustrate that Homo sapiens species, like us, is always dynamic and changing, like nature which is never static neither stable.
The Comparison of Hydration Effect of 1% Aloe Vera Extract Cream and 10% Urea Cream as Moisturizer for Non Dermatotic Skin Laily Noor Qomariah, Sunardi Radiono, Fajar Waskito
Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran) Vol 41, No 02 (2009)
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Abstract

Background: Xerotic or dry skin is a condition with manifestation of scaly, coarse skin with itchy sensation. Moisturizers have been used as treatment to alleviate xerotic skin. Aloe vera is a traditional medicinal plant which has been used as skin moisturizer for a long time, however, the hydration effect of this material had not been studied. Urea is a humectant material that has been widely used as moisturizer. Objective: This study was aimed to compare the hydration effects of 1 % Aloe vera extract cream with 10% urea cream as moisturizer for non-dermatotic dry skin. Methods: This research was a single-blinded randomized controlled trial. Thirty research subjects who met inclusion criteria were given 2 types of interventions (1 % Aloe vera extract cream or 10% urea cream). Randomization was conducted to determine which cream was applied on the subject's lower arm. Cream was given as a single application. Evaluation of stratum corneum hydration level was conducted objectively using corneometer instrument: before application, 30 minutes, 1 hour, 2 hours, 3 hours and 4 hours after single application. Data of the two groups were analyzed with paired t-test. Results: There was no significant difference of stratum corneum hydration level between 1 % Aloe vera extract cream treatment and 10% urea cream at each time of measurement (p > 0.05). Conclusion: 1 % Aloe vera extract cream showed similar or equivalent hydration effect with 10% urea cream as moisturizer for non-dermatotic dry skin. Key words: aloe vera - urea - skin moisturizer - skin hydration.
The effect of Pandanus conoideus Lam. oil on pancreatic (i-cells and glibenclamide hypoglycemic effect of diabetic Wistar rats Winarto Maliyah Madiyan, Nur Anisah
Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran) Vol 41, No 01 (2009)
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Abstract

Background: Oxidative stress has been implicated in pathogenesis and progression of many degenerative disorders including naturally occuring and chemically-induced diabetes mellitus. In addition to the increased production of free radicals, antioxidant defense systems are disturbed in diabetes mellitus. As a result, oxidative stress may cause oxidative damage of cellular, including Ii-cells of pancreas. Objective: This study was aimed at investigating the effect of P. eonoideus Lam. on hypoglycemic activity of glibenclamide and histochemical changes in pancreatic islets. Methods: Thirty male Rattus norvegicus rats were used in the study, and randomly selected. The animals were divided into two groups, each group consisted of 15 rats. Each group was devided into 3 subgroups, the first subgroups were subgroup 1; 2, 3 and the second was subgroup 4, 5, 6. Streptozotocin was injected intraperitoneally at a single dose of 60 mg/kg for induction of diabetes in the second group. Subgroup 1 and 4 did not receive anything, subgroup 2 and 5 received glibenclamide 0.09 g/kgBW/day and subgroup 3 and 6 received P. eonoideus Lam. 0.3 mLlkgBW/day and glibenclamide 0.09 g/kgBW/day. Rats were given P. eonoideus Lam. and glibenclamide everyday for 14 days. Hypoglycemic activity was evaluated in overnight fasted at day 1, 7 and 14, and the acute hypoglycemic activity was evaluated at time 0, 1, 2, 4, and 6 hour aher treatment at day 14. Blood was collected from orbital sinuses. Blood glucose level was determined using GOD-PAP method. At 15 day rat were killed, the pancreas was removed. The data was compared statistically using one-way analysis of variance (AN OVA) followed by post-hoc test and student unpaired t-test. For the analysis of immunohistochemical data, a non parametric test (Kruskal-Wallis) was used. Results: The combination of P. eonoideus Lam. and glibenclamide produced significant reduction in blood glucose in the serial study at day 1, 7 and 14 and comparable with that of standard drug, glibenclamide also control groups in normal and diabetic rats. It also produced significant reduction of blood glucose in the serial study at time 0, 1, 2, 4, and 6 hour after treatment at day 14. Significant increasing histoscore, number and diameter of Langerhans islets were observed in P. eonoideus Lam. treated rats. Conclusion: P. eonoideus Lam. could increase hypoglycemic effect of glibenclamide and histoscore, number, and diameter of Langerhans islets in diabetic rats. Key words: minyak buah merah - pancreas B-cells - glibenclamide hypoglycemic effect - diabetes
Low-dose short-course metformin decrease the risk of atherosclerosis in the non-obese prediabetic individuals Djoko Hardiman Djoko Hardiman
Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran) Vol 40, No 03 (2008)
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Abstract

Background: The establishment of macrovascular (cardiovascular) event is initiated in the period of prediabetic. Metformin plays role in the carbohydrate and lipid metabolism as well as vascular protection. The mechanism of the cardiovascular event risk increased in the pre-diabetic individual has not been clearly established.Objective: The study was to determine if insulin resistance control by low-dose short-course metformin administration in the non-obese prediabetic individual might decrease the risk of atherosclerosis.Methods: It was a prospective experimental double blind study with pretest-posttest control group design. It was conducted on the first degree relatives of type-2 Diabetes Mellitus patients who met the criteria of non-obese prediabetic individuals. Subjects were randomly classified into treatment group (designed for metformin administration), and the control group (designed for placebo administration). The prediction of atherosclerosis risk was based on the hsCRP, PAI-1, VCAM-1, and fibrinogen levels.Result: The results showed that the margin between pre- and post-metformin administration term were 1.89 vs. 0.06 mg/L (p=0.001), 1.42 vs. 0.84 IU/mL (p=0.0151. 180.85 vs. 03.81 mg/L (p=0.061) and 80.15 vs. 31.42 mg/dL (p=0.001) for hsCRP, PAI-1, VCAM-1, and Fibrinogen levels in the treatment and control group, respectively.Conclusion: The study concluded that the low-dose short-course metformin administration might decrease the atherosclerosis risk significantly in the non-obese prediabetic individuals.Key words: metformin - non-obese prediabetics - hsCRP - PAI-T- Fibrinogen - VCAM-T
Natural Killer (NK) cells and severity of dengue infection among children hospitalized in Dr. Sardjito Hospital Umi S. Intansari Ida Savitri Laksanawati
Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran) Vol 40, No 02 (2008)
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Abstract

Background: Dengue infection isONE OF the most frequent infectious diseases in Indonesia. The manifestation of dengue infections varies from asymptomatic to live-threatening, dengue shock syndrome. It is hypothesized that immune responses contribute to immunopathogenesis of severe dengue infection. Natural killer INK) cells are innate lymphocytes which play a crucial role in anti-pathogen host defense and are particularly important in mediating resistance to viral infections. However, only a few studies of NK cells have been conducted in vivo, especially in Indonesia.ObJectives: The objectives of this study were to find the correlation between the number of NK cells with severity of the disease, and to find out the profile of NK cells absolute numbers in acute and convalescent dengue infection patients among children hospitalized n Dr. Sardjito hospitalMethods: An observational prospective study was conducted. Clinical and laboratory data were followed from the day of admission until the day of discharge. The severity of the disease was graded according to the WHO criteria for Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever IDHF). The absolute number of NK cells was measured by flow cytometer using monoclonal antibody anti-CD3, anti-CD16 + 56, and anti-CD45, with dual platform method. Student t-test was used to find out the difference of NK cell absolute number between acute and convalescent phases. The correlation between NK cells and the severity of the disease was analyzed using Spearman correlation test.Results: NK cell absolute number tended to be lower in acute compared to convalescent phase, but the difference was not statistically significant. There was an inverse correlation between the NK cell absolute number and the severity of dengue infection Ir=-O.322; p=O.017).Conclusion: Absolute number of NK cells were decreased during acute phase of dengue infection, and the decrease was more pronounced in severe than in mild dengue infection.Key words: NK cells absolute number - mild and severe dengue infection - acute and convalescent phases
Nonmosaic 45, XO karyotype in a woman with Turner syndrome without any cognitive, psychosocial or behavioral deficiencies (A Case report) Enny S Pamuji Djaswadi Dasuki
Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran) Vol 39, No 03 (2007)
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Abstract

A 22 year old woman with primary amenorrhea came to The Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility Centre, University of Gadjah Mada, Dr.Sardjito Hospital. She had no abnormalities in cognitive, psychosocial or behavioral capacities, she had almost completed her university degree. On examination she had no secondary sexual development, no pathognomonic abnormal phenotype related to abnormal karyotype. There was no indication of family history associated ,;pecifically to the abnormal karyotype, phenotype feature of Turner syndrome and a specificThe patient karyotype analysis of blood sampling indicated 45XO, and it failed to demonstrate any mosaicism. Laparoscopic examination revealed a hypoplastic-lobulated-unicorns uterus, as streak gonad at the left side and no ovary at the other side.Keywords: Turner syndrome, non behavioral deficiencies. nonmosaic 45, XO karyotype, normal hormone level
Assessment of maximal urinary flow rate (Qmax) of urethral stricture patients three weeks post internal urethrotomy Sachse in Dr. Sardjito General Hospital Yogyakarta Juni Ariston Tambunan Prawito Singodimedjo Ishandono Dachlan
Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran) Vol 44, No 02 (2012)
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Abstract

Urethral stricture is a common urologic problem in developing countries including Indonesia dueto its high prevalence. Internal urethrotomy is still the gold standard to return patients to a stateof normal voiding. To evaluate the outcome of the internal urethrotomy, uroflowmetry assessmentcan be conducted with its principal variable of maximal urinary flow rate (Qmax). Since 1985, inDr. Sardjito General Hospital Yogyakarta, the internal urethrotomy has been used as the maintreatment modality to manage the urethral stricture. However, its outcome has not beenevaluated. The aim of this study was to evaluate Qmax of urethral stricture patients postinternal urethrotomy Sachse in Dr. Sardjito General Hospital. This was a cross-sectional studyperformed starting from November 2009 to April 2010. The Qmax was assessed using theuroflowmeter three weeks after internal urethrotomy. The length and the locations of the patients’stricture, as well as its correlation with Qmax were also measured and evaluated. Among 24patients selected, 13 patients who fulfilled the inclusion and exclusion criteria were involved inthis study. The mean of the Qmax of patients was 22.3±6.7 mL/s.The mean of Qmax ofpatients who had the length of urethral stricture of d” 2 cm (14.8±3.8 mL/s) was significantlyhigher than patients who had length of à 2 cm (6.4±2.6 mL/s) (p=0.03), whereas patients whohad the location of urethral stricture on anterior (12.4±5.4 mL/s) were not significantly differentcompared to patients who had those on posterior (8.5±4.9 mL/s) (p=0.398). In conclusion, themajority of patients returned to a state of normal urinary tract function post internal urethrotomy.The Qmax of urethral stricture patients after internal urethrotomy are influenced by the lengthof the stricture but not by its location.Keywords: urethral stricture - urethrography - Sachse - uroflowmetry - Qmax
Serum testosterone level and active caspase-3 of Leydig cells of diabetic Sprague-Dawley male rats after administration of soybean (Glycin max) powder suspension Wiyadi Dicky Moch. Rizal Sri Kadarsih Soejono
Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran) Vol 44, No 01 (2012)
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Abstract

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is known as the main death cause in the world. This disease causes acuteand chronic complication. The common chronic complication on male reproduction system isthe decrease of testosterone level. This hormone is produced in the Leydig cells. Soybeans(Glycin max) has been used in the management of DM to maintain blood glucose level. However,the effect of soybean on serum testosterone level is still unclear. The aim of this study was toevaluate serum testosterone level and caspase-3 active of Leydig cells of diabetic Sprague-Dawley (SD) male rats model induced by streptozotocine (STZ) after oral ingestion of soybeanpowder suspension. This was an experimental study with pre and post test control group design.Thirty SD male rats, aged 11-12 weeks with body weight (BW) of 200-250 g were divided into 5groups with 6 rats in each group. The first group (G1) was normal rat control and the secondgroup (G2) was diabetic rat control. The third to fifth group (G3, G4 and G5) were diabetic rattreatment with oral ingestion of soybean powder suspension that was given once a day during 4weeks with dose of 400; 800 and 1600 mg/kg BW, respectively. The serum testosterone levelwas measured by an ELISA and active caspase-3 of Leydig cells were measured by animmunohistochemistry method. The result showed that the serum testosterone level and activecasapse-3 Leydig cells of diabetic rats model induced by STZ were not significantly differentafter oral ingestion of soybean powder suspension with dose of 400, 800 and 1600 mg/kg BW(p>0.05). In conclusion, soybean powder suspension did not affect the serum testosteronelevel and active caspase-3 Leydig cells in diabetic rats.Keywords: diabetes - soybean - phytoestrogen - testosterone - active caspase-3
Antenatal and postnatal risk factors of obesity in children age 2-5 years old in Yogyakarta District, Indonesia I Ketut Rutin Pastadita Sunartini Yudha Patria
Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran) Vol 44, No 01 (2012)
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Abstract

Obesity and overweight have become a health issue throughout the world, with a dramaticincrease in prevalence each year. An obese child is thought to be adorable, but parents are notaware of the health risk it holds. Preventive measures by decreasing the risk factors for obesityare more effective than treating the problem. The aim of this study was to identify the riskfactors of obesity in antenatal and postnatal period in children in Yogyakarta District. This wasan observational study with a case control design. Criteria of obesity were defined according toWHO 2006 growth chart. Subjects were children age 2 to 5 years old that were enrolled inplaygroups in the Yogyakarta Distric with a targeted sample size of 41 children. Parents ofchildren that met the inclusion and exclusion criteria were given questionnaires to fill out. Theresults were analyzed using bivariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression. Thirty fourobese children and 34 non obese children (as control) were explored for the obesity risk factors.Prematurity/gestational age (OR=16; 95%CI=3.27-78.28; p=0.001), passive smoking (OR=5.50;95%CI=1.90-15.96; p=0.001), low birth weight (OR=7.27; 95%CI=1.45-36.47; p=0.008),eating more than 3 times daily (OR=2.19; 95%CI=1.66-2.89; p=0.007), meals that are high inlipid (OR=4.18; 95%CI=1.45-12.02; p=0.007) were shown to be risk factors for obesity inchildren. Factors such as picky eaters (OR=0.16; 95%CI=1.45-12.02; p=0.002), early introductionto solid food (OR=0.29; 95%CI=0.10-0.79; p=0.01), exercise (OR=0.25; 95%CI=0.06-0.32;p=0.04), and watching TV or playing video game under 2 hours daily (OR=0.30; 95%CI=0.09-0.95; p=0.04) were identified as protective factors against obesity. By using the multivariateanalysis, there were only 2 risk factors for obesity i.e. eating more than 3 times daily andprematurity/gestational age and there were only 2 protective factors i.e. exercise and introductionto solid food that remained statistically significant as independent factors influencing obesity inchildren aged 2 to 5 years old in the Yogyakarta District.Keywords: obesity - children age 2 to 5 years old - antenatal - postnatal - risk factors
The effects of regular exercise on hippocampal estradiol levels and spatial memory of ovariectomized Sprague Dawley rats Sri Kadarsih Soejono, Siti Kaidah Ginus Partadiredja
Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran) Vol 45, No 02 (2013)
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Abstract

The decrease of estrogen levels leads to dysfunction of hippocampus, including spatial learning and memory. Previous studies have shown that physical exercise improved spatial memory of ovariectomized rats. Physical exercise was observed to be associated with increased extragonadal aromatization and neurotrophin synthesis. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of regular exercise on serum and hippocampal estrogens levels and the spatial memory of ovariectomized rats. The present study used 10 ovariectomized Sprague Dawley rats aged 12 weeks. The rats were randomly assigned into two groups with five rats in each group. Group I was exercise group and Group II was control group without exercise. During the exercise period, the rats were required to keep running constantly on the treadmill at a speed of 18 m/min and at the slope of 5% for a total duration of 60 minutes per day. The exercise was performed five times per week for 12 weeks. The spatial memory of rats was measured using Morris water maze. After the exercise program was completed, the blood and hippocampus samples were collected to determine the estrogen levels. This study revealed that the mean levels of hippocampal estrogen of exercise group (33.794 ± 4.760 pg/mL/100mg tissue weight) were significantly higher than that ofcontrol group (20.552 ± 2.057 pg/mL/100 mg tissue weight) (p<0.05). However, there was no significant difference in serum estrogen levels between the exercise group (26.070 ± 4.064 pg/mL/100mg tissue weight) and control group (24.530 ± 8.661 pg/mL/100mg tissue weight) (p>0.05). In the Morris water maze tests, there was no difference in the spatial learning between both groups (p>0.05). The spatial memory retention of the exercise group was significantly better than control group (p<0.05). In conclusion, regular exercise increases hippocampal estrogen levels and improves spatial memory of ovariectomized rats. Keywords: exercise - hippocampus - spatial memory - estrogen - ERβ

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