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Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran)

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Published by Universitas Gadjah Mada

ISSN : 01261312 EISSN : 23563931 DOI : http://dx.doi.org/10.19106/JMedSci005303202101

Core Subject : Science,

Immunology & microbiology Neuroscience

Journal of the Medical Sciences (JMedSci) or Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran (BIK) is an international, open-access, and double-blind peer-reviewed journal, published by Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada Yogyakarta Indonesia. JMedSci aiming to communicate high-quality articles in the areas of biomedical science from basic to clinical sciences.The journal welcomes papers from original articles, case reports, reviews, and book reviews. All papers published in JMedSci are freely available as downloadable pdf files. The journal began its publication on March 1973 and published quarterly (January, April, July, and October). JMedSci is abstracted and indexed in DOAJ, Crossref, Google Scholar, Sinta, Indonesia One Search. JMedSci is accredited by Directorate of General Higher Education, the Ministry of Research, Technology, and Higher Education, Indonesia

Arjuna Subject : Kedokteran - Kedokteran (Lain-Lain)

Articles 2,170 Documents

193 194 195 196 197

Assessment of the normal anal position index (API) of Indonesian neonates Yudi Suryana; Akhmad Makhmudi
Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran) Vol 50, No 4 (2018)
Publisher : Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran)

The existing anal position index (API) data appear to vary among the ethnic differences.Until now, however, the normal API has not been studied in Indonesia. This study aimedto determine the normal value of the API in Indonesian newborns This cross-sectionalstudy was conducted on 62 neonates (29 males and 33 females) without any malformationat Pediatric Surgery Division, Department of Surgery, Dr. Sardjito General Hospital,Yogyakarta during the period September to October 2012. The position of the anus wasnumerically defined by the API, which is the ratio of anus-fourchette distance in females and anus-scrotum distance in males to the distance between coccyx and fourchette/scrotum. To make correct measurements, transparent adhesive tape was used longitudinally on midperinum in a way that it covered the anus. Then fourchette/scrotum, anus center and the lower margin of coccyx were marked on it. Distances marked on each tape were then measured with the standard ruler. Relationship between API and other parameters were analyzed. The API values were 0.46±0.05 (95% CI: 0.44–0.48) for newborn males and 0.37±0.07 (95% CI: 0.35–0.39) for newborn females. The difference of API between males and females was significant (p = 0.000). API had no significant correlation with gestational age (p = 0.350) and birth weight (p = 0.650). Our data suggested the API, which is sex dependent, provides a reliable parameter for determining the position of the anus. API has no correlation with gestational age and birth weight. The determination of normal API in older infants is required to determine whether the API is affected by age.

Comparison of wound healing of skin incision on albino rat (Rattus norwegicus) by treatment of electrical stimulations Rina Puspasari Herdiawan; Andri Rezano; . Vitriana; Irma Ruslina; Pritha Pitaloka; . Achadiyani
Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran) Vol 51, No 2 (2019)
Publisher : Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran)

Wound interferes with the equilibrium of skin functions. It disrupts a barrier function of the skin as external barrier of the internal organ from physical, chemical and biological environment. The wound can be easily treated but neglected wound can lead to several complications. Accelerate wound healing will prevent complications and reduce aesthetic problem in anti-aging treatment. Previous studies showed that physical modulation as electrical stimulation could enhance wound healing processes. This study purposed to compare three different modes of electrical stimulation on wound healing such as transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS), high voltage pulse current (HVPC) and low-intensity direct current (LIDC). This in vivo study used incisional skin biopsy of albino rat (Rattus norvegicus). Qualitative and quantitative parameters were analyzed to compare three different electrical stimulations on the wound healing response on the epidermis, dermis, inflammation, and angiogenesis phase. The highest histological score on the epidermis and dermis was found on LIDC whereas the highest histological score on the inflammation and angiogenesis phase was found on HVPC. This result of this study may provide useful information for selecting additional treatment for wound healing.

Outcomes of surgical management of intracerebral hemorrhagic stroke at a tertiary care center in Yogyakarta, Indonesia Rahmat Andi Hartanto; Teuku Jauhardin
Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran) Vol 50, No 3 (2018)
Publisher : Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran)

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Hemorrhagic stroke remains a significant cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. However, the role of surgical treatment for hemorrhagic stroke remains controversial. Previous studies had proposed surgery can prevent herniation, lowering intracranial pressure (ICP) and reducing mass effect and cellular toxicity. Outcome in previous studies are conflicting. Studies concerning outcomes of surgical management of hemorrhagic stroke in Indonesia are limited. This study aimed to compare the outcome of hemorrhagic stroke treatment between surgical evacuation and conservative management in Dr. Sardjito General Hospital, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Retrospective cohort study was conducted. Eighty spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhagic (ICH) stroke patients involved in this study during January 2014 to August 2015. Of whom 36 (45%) male and 44 (55%) female. There were 45 and 35 patients underwent surgical treatment and conservative management, respectively. Surgical treatment group survival was 74%, whereas the survival in the conservative group was 26%. There was a statistically significant difference between surgery group and conservative group (p

The effect of human saliva compared to Aloe vera on wound healing of 2nd degree burn injury in animal models Budi Cahyono Putro; Ishandono Dachlan
Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran) Vol 50, No 4 (2018)
Publisher : Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran)

Burn injury is one of the common causes of injury that has relatively high morbidity and mortality. Several studies using herbal and traditional medicine from different countries have been documented in burn injury management. Human saliva that contains antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral and analgesic components as well as growth factors can induce re-epithelialization process in 2nd degree burn injury. Whereas, Aloe vera that influence a physiological moist condition was proven can induce re-epithelialization process lead to faster wound healing. This study aimed to compare topical application of human saliva and A. vera on wound healing process of 2nd degree burn injury. This was an experimental study using post-test only control group design using 27 white rats (Rattus novergicus) of Sprague Dawley strain divided into 3 groups with 9 rats in each group. Group I were applied 1 mL of human saliva, Group II were applied A. vera and Group III as control were applied NaCl. Change in body weight and macroscopic clinical assessment were observed every day for 14 days, whereas histological examination was observed on day 14. The data were presented as mean ± standard error of the mean (SEM) and analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (Anova). The result showed that the wound healing process at each treatment showed different level. The human saliva application tended to show faster wound healing process of 2nd degree burn injury compare with A. vera or NaCl (p

Differentiation of body fat composition between skinfold caliper (SKF) and bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) methods among professors Nicole Ngo Zhe Yiin; Leonardo Lubis; Dimas Erlangga Luftimas
Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran) Vol 50, No 4 (2018)
Publisher : Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran)

Body fat composition reflected by body fat percentage (BF%) is one of the important components in disease risk evaluation. Among the methods available to measure BF%, skinfold calipers (SKF) and bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) are the most commonly used. The study was conducted to evaluate the difference in body fat composition measurement between SKF and BIA methods among professors. This study analyzed secondary data from the health evaluation of Universitas Padjadjaran (UNPAD) professors. This study involved 72 professors (50 male, 22 female) after fitted into the inclusion and exclusion criteria. BF% was measured among UNPAD professors using SKF and BIA. After obtaining agreement by Bland-Altman Plot, the data were analyzed by muliple paired-t test according to gender, physical activity level and body mass index (BMI) categories. The study showed no significant difference in BF% between SKF and BIA in overall population, between gender and physical activity level (p>0.05). For BMI, the only category that showed significant difference in BF% between the 2 methods was obese I group (p=0.001). In conclusion, there is no significant difference in BF% between SKF and BIA methods according to gender, physical activity levels and BMI categories except for obese I group.

The expression of COX-2 and iNOS in ethanol and aspirin induced gastric ulcer rat models sherly usman; Dewi Kartikawati Paramita; Yustina Andwi Ari Sumiwi
Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran) Vol 50, No 3 (2018)
Publisher : Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran)

Aspirin or ethanol induced gastric ulcer rat models are the most frequently used in studies.Aspirin and ethanol induced gastric ulcers through different pathways involving COX-2 andiNOS. The aim of this study was to examine the expression of COX-2 and iNOS in gastriculcer rat model induced by ethanol and aspirin. Twenty-one Sprague Dawley rats weredivided into 7 groups i.e. control group (CA), ethanol 1st day (ED1), ethanol 3rd day (ED3),ethanol 5th day (ED5), aspirin 4th day (AD4), aspirin 6th day (AD6), and aspirin 8th day (AD8).Oral administration of aspirin was at 200mg/kgBW and the 100% ethanol at 1mL/200gBW.Macroscopic and microscopic observations were done to examine the gastric mucosaldamage, COX-2 and iNOS expressions. Severe gastric ulcers were observed in ED1and AD4 groups and mild gastric mucosal damage was observed in ED3, ED5, AD6 andAD8 groups. Microscopically, light erosion was shown by the CA and AD8 groups. Erosionwas also shown by ED3, ED5, and AD6 groups. The most severe damage with ulcers andheavier bleeding were shown by the ED1 and AD4 groups. Weak COX-2 expression wasfound in the CA, while the highest COX-2 expression was found in the ED1. The iNOSexpression in the ethanol groups was still increasing until the 5th day (ED5). In the aspiringroups, it reached the peak on the 3rd day (AD6), and already declined on the 5th day (AD8).In conclusion, the damage process of ethanol induced gastric ulcer occurred faster thanthat by aspirin. The highest COX-2 expression in the ethanol and aspirin groups wereshown at the onset begin. iNOS expression in ethanol induced ulcer groups still increaseduntil the 5th day, while in the aspirin induced ulcer groups already declined in the 5th day.

Relationship Between Pfmdr1 Gene Polymorphisms with Therapeutic Respons of Artesunate-Amodiaquine in Uncomplicated Falciparum Malaria Patients in Puskesmas Hanura, Pesawaran Regency, Lampung Carolia, Novita; Mustofa, .; Kristin, Erna
Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran) Vol 50, No 4 (2018)
Publisher : Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran)

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ABSTRACTBackground: The failure of artesunate-amodiaquine therapy in chloroquine resistant patients have been reported in several areas in Indonesia. One of the unexpected resistance mechanisms is associated with pfmdr1 gene polymorphisms. This study determine the frequency of pfmdr-1 polymorphisms and examine the relationship of pfmdr1 gene polymorphism with therapeutic responses to artesunate-amodiaquine therapy in uncomplicated falciparum malaria patients in Puskesmas Hanura, Pesawaran Regency, Lampung Methods: This study was conducted in accordance with the WHO protocol for anti-malarial drug efficacy test in uncomplicated falciparum malaria. Combination therapy used artesunate-amodiaquine and primaquine. Therapeutical response and Parasite Clearance Time was observed during 28 days of observation. Diagnosis polymorphism by PCR-RFLP technique used the patient's blood (EDTA and filter paper) were taken a tH0.Results: There were 63(85.1%) patients of Adequate Clinical and Parasitological Response, Early Treatment Failure were 5 (6.8%) people, Late Clinical And Parasitological Failure 2 (2.7 %) people, and Late Parasitological Failure 4 (5.4%) people. Seven (13.5%) patients were found with N86Y pfmdr1 gene polymorphism with mixed type (mutant type and wild-type) in which 1 (9.1%) people had failed therapy and 6 (14.6%) people were cured. There was no association between pfmdr1 gene polymorphism with artesunate-amodiaquine failed therapy (RR: 0.64, 95% CI0.97-4.27, p: 1.000). Parasite Clearance Time on pfmdr1 polymorphism group was 2.14 ± 1.21 days and 1.79 ± 1.06 days in group without pfmdr1 polymorphisms. There was no significant difference between both groups (p =0.434).Conclusions:The frequency of pfmdr1 N86Y polymorphism in Puskesmas Hanura, Pesawaran Regency, Lampung was 13,5%. There was no significant difference between the rate of treatment failure patients with pfmdr1 N86Y polimorphism compared with patients without pfmdr1 N86Y polymorphism. There was no significant difference between Parasite Clearance Time patients with pfmdr1 N86Y polymorphism compared with patients without pfmdr1 N86Y polymorphism.Keywords: falciparum malaria, artesunat-amodiakuin, polymorphism, pfmdr1

The effect of long-term high-fat diet in ovariectomized Wistar rat (Rattus norvegicus)study on lipid profile, endothelial nitric oxide synthase(eNOS) dan endhotelin-1 (ET-1) serum Tantri Analisawati Sudarsono; Denny Agustiningsih; S Sunarti
Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran) Vol 51, No 3 (2019)
Publisher : Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran)

Accumulation of cholesterol in the blood will cause stiffness in arteries and trigger the formation of atherosclerotic lesions. Estrogen has a role as an antioxidant that can prevent the low density lipoprotein(LDL) oxidation. In menopause with high-fat diet, the decrease of estrogen levels will trigger cholesterol accumulation in the blood lead to endothelial dysfunction mediated by endotelin-1 (ET-1) and nitric oxide synthase (eNOS). This study aimed to investigate the effect of long-term high-fat diet on the lipid profile, serum eNOS and ET-1levels on ovariectomized rat. It was experimental using 28 female Wistar rat divided into 4 groups. Group 1 was ovariectomized mice and given a standard diet (OVX-SD), Group 2 was ovariectomized mice and given a high-fat diet (OVX-HFD), Group 3 was not ovariectomized mice and given a standard diet(SHAM-SD) group, and Group 4 was not ovariectomized mice and given a high-fat diet (SHAM-HFD).Lipid profile of blood samples was measured pre- and post-treatment, whereas serum eNOS and ET-1 levels were measured post-treatment using ELISA method. No significantly difference of lipid profileon OVX-HFD group compared to that OVX-SD was observed. The serum eNOSlevel on OVX-HFD(702.11±68.73 pg/mL) was significantly lower than that OVX-SD (857.18±118.08 pg/mL) (p<0.05). However, there was no significantly different of serum ET-1 levelbetween OVX-HFD group (299.14±146.61 pg/mL) compared to that OVX-SD (194.25±102.96 pg/mL) (p>0.05). In conclusion, the serum eNOS levelon ovariectomized rat with long-term high-fat diet is lower than that on ovariectomized rat with standard diet.

Comparison of corneal endothelial cell count and intraocular pressure in pure-dispersive and dispersive-cohesive viscoelastic protection in phacoemulsification surgery Agung Nugroho; R Haryo Yudono
Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran) Vol 50, No 3 (2018)
Publisher : Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran)

There are so many aspects should be regarded when use viscoelastic device during phacoemulsification surgery. The advantages and disadvantages of pure-dispersive viscoelastic and dispersive-cohesive viscoelastic always require more our attention to use it conveniently. The purpose of the study was to compare between pure-dispersive viscoelastic versus dispersive-cohesive viscoelastic in phacoemulsification surgery in that of corneal endothelial cell count and intraocular pressure (IOP) change. This was a cross-sectional study involving 41 eligible patients who underwent phacoemulsification surgery by single operator. Data including characteristics of cataract patients, corneal endothelial cell count and IOP were taken before and after surgery. Data of characteristics of cataract patients were reported descriptively and compared using Anova and t-test. The mean change in corneal endothelial cell count on pure-dispersive viscoelastic group (71.99±71.20 cells/mm²) was lower than that on the dispersive-cohesive viscoelastic group (117.62±78.29 cells/mm²). However, it was not significantly different. The mean change in IOP on pure-dispersive viscoelastic group (0.75±1.626 mmHg) was significantly lower than that on dispersive-cohesive viscoelastic group (1.90±0.995 mmHg) (p=0.000). In conclusion, the increase of IOP in dispersive-cohesive viscoelastic group is higher than that on pure-dispersive viscoelastic group. However, there is no significant difference of the mean change in corneal endothelial cell on the both groups.

Accuracy of albumin creatinine ratio in comparison with albumine excretion rate for diagnosis diabetic nephropathy in type 2 diabetes mellitus . Fatrinawati; . Windarwati; Osman Sianipar
Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran) Vol 50, No 3 (2018)
Publisher : Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran)

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is one of complications in diabetic patients manifested bymicroalbuminuria with minimal level of 30 mg/24 hour which is measured at least 2 timesin the period of 3 to 6 months. Microalbuminuria can be measured either albumin excretion rate (AER) or albumin creatinine ratio (ACR). Measurement of ACR is an alternative parameter recommended by WHO in 2011 to diagnose diabetic nephropathy since it is more convenient, fast and not requires special preparation. The purpose of this study was to investigate accuracy of ACR to diagnose DN in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients.This was a diagnostic test study involving 80 T2DM patients. In this study ACR value equal or more than 30 mg/g was independently and blindly compared with AER as the gold standard. The data were analyzed using 2x2 tables in order to calculate sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV). Other data were analyzed using statistic descriptive. Eighty T2DM patients consisting of 38males and 42 females participated in this study. They had suffered from T2DM on average9.5 years, and the average of ACR value was 55.5 mg/g. Total result of true positive andtrue negative was 77. Three result were false negative but none of false positive result.The ACR value equal or more than 30 mg/g had sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV of95.9%, 100%, 100%, and 66.7% respectively. In conclusion, the ACR value equal or morethan 30 mg/g derived from morning urine sample can be used to diagnose DN in T2DMpatients.

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