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Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran)
Published by Universitas Gadjah Mada
ISSN : 01261312     EISSN : 23563931     DOI : http://dx.doi.org/10.19106/JMedSci005303202101
Core Subject : Science,
Immunology & microbiology Neuroscience
Journal of the Medical Sciences (JMedSci) or Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran (BIK) is an international, open-access, and double-blind peer-reviewed journal, published by Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada Yogyakarta Indonesia. JMedSci aiming to communicate high-quality articles in the areas of biomedical science from basic to clinical sciences.The journal welcomes papers from original articles, case reports, reviews, and book reviews. All papers published in JMedSci are freely available as downloadable pdf files. The journal began its publication on March 1973 and published quarterly (January, April, July, and October). JMedSci is abstracted and indexed in DOAJ, Crossref, Google Scholar, Sinta, Indonesia One Search. JMedSci is accredited by Directorate of General Higher Education, the Ministry of Research, Technology, and Higher Education, Indonesia
Arjuna Subject : Kedokteran - Kedokteran (Lain-Lain)
Articles 2,170 Documents
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Management of early breast cancer with breast conserving treatment : Evaluation of cases in Yogyakarta T. Aryandono, T. Aryandono
Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran) Vol 34, No 01 (2002)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

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Abstract

Background: Breast conserving treatment (BCT) can be done for early breast cancer, with the same survival as mastectomy. The patients should not lost the breast resulted from the treatment. Objective: To evaluate the patients with breast conserving treatment in two hospitals in Yogyakarta, in connection with locoregional recurrence, distant metastasis, cosmetic result and general condition. The results can be used for improving the technique of breast conserving treatment in this region. Methods: Five patients with BCT from 1996 until 2001 were treated with wide excision (lumpectomy), axillary dissection level I and II, and radiotherapy 5000 cGy. Histopathological examination, estrogen and progesterone receptor and c-erbB-2 examination were conducted for these patients. All patients received hormonal adjuvant treatment with tamoxifen, no one received adjuvant chemotherapy.Results: The age range was 28-51 years old, stage one, maximum diameter of tumor was 1.5 cm. Most of them were invasive duct carcinoma, with positive ER, PR and c-erbB-2. Follow up from 8 to 66 months, with median follow up 37 months. No locoregional recurrences, one with distant metastasis (lung). The cosmetic result as well as the general condition were good.Conclusions: Breast conserving treatment had been done on patients and resulted in good cosmetic result, no locoregional recurrences and good general condition. With early detection and good patient selection, the patient should have not lost the breast with the same survival as in mastectomy.Keywords: breast conserving treatment- lumpectomy - radiotherapy - estrogen receptor - progesterone receptor.
Testicular feminization syndrome in puberty. A Case Report Zain Alkaff, Zain Alkaff
Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran) Vol 31, No 01 (1999)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

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Abstract

Background: It is important to diagnose testicular feminization due to other abnormalities with similar clinical findings which needs different treatments.Aim: To diagnose early testicular feminization syndrome by clinical findings, hormone levels, and chromosome analysis.Design: Review of reported cases.Setting: A university hospital. Patient: Phenotypic girl aged 9 years with abnormal external genitalia revealed large clitoris-like structure, normal labia majora, a blind vaginal pouch and no palpable uterus and adnexa. Results: The uterus and adnexa of the patient at ultrasonography and laparoscopy examination were proved to be absent. The serum testosterone concentration was not substantially increased and the karyotype was 46XY. Further examination found left testis in inguinal canal and the right one in labia majora. From biopsy it was found that both seminiferous tubules were in development phase mostly with spermatogonia, and several part in spermatocyte phase. The diagnosis was testicular feminization (androgen insensitivity syndrome). Conclusions: Cases of primary amenorrhea, incomplete external genitalia, and vagina agenesis/hypogenesis, are important to be early diagnosed by investigating the sex chromosome, gonads, sex hormone, genitalia, and sex psychology. Because of the increased risk of malignancy, an orchidectomy has to be performed.Key words : testicular feminization - normal male 46XY - female external genitalia - orchidectomy
Contact hypersensitivity test and specificity to mercury (Hg) in Wistar rat Yustina Andwi Ari Sumiwl, Yustina Andwi Ari Sumiwl
Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran) Vol 30, No 01 (1998)
Publisher : Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran)

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Abstract

Mercury is one of the potent allergens which can induce contact hypersensitivity. This substance however, is commonly used for cosmetics and medical purposes. The exact mechanisms underlying the mercury-induced hypersensitivity remain unclear. Studies on mercury contact hypersensitivity in human were hampered due to ethical reason. This investigation was, therefore, aimed at studying hypersensitivity reactions In animal model. Thirty five female Wistar rats, aged three months were divided into three groups of treated animals and two groups of controls. The treated groups were sensitized with 2,5%, 5%, and 10% HgCl2 In petrolatum for 10 days. At day 14, animals were challenged with 5% HgCl2 in 97% ethanol. Contact hypersensitivity was assessed by measuring the ear swelling before and after ear challenge. Specificity test was carried out by challenging the sensitized animals with K2Cr207. The results showed that the, peak levels of ear swelling could be achieved by applying 10% HgCl2 as compared to other groups of animals. Chromium (K2Cr207) ear challenge following 10% HgC12 sensitization failed to induce ear swelling. It can be concluded that the mercury hypersensitivity reaction in this animal model is antigen-specific.Key words: allergy - contact hypersensitivity-mercury - DTH reaction - Wistar rats
The detection of one-roof contact individuals on the tuberculosis infection of primary school students in Yogyakarta Municipality Sri Wijayamti, Sri Wijayamti
Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran) Vol 34, No 02 (2002)
Publisher : Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran)

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Abstract

Background: With the detection of tuberculosis (TB) infection in children means that there are transmitting infection by the lung TB carrier with positive acid fast (AF) sputum. The transmission more frequently occurred in one-roof close contact.Objective: To know the relationship between the TB infection in primary school students and the one-roof family member with positive AF.Material and methods: This study was performed from May 1997 to September 1999 using case-control study design. The subjects of the study were primary school students in Yogyakarta Municipality. The primary schools involved were selected using proportional population random sampling method by the area IPDA. The study was performed by active case finding of one-roof family members with over 2 week successive cough and performing the sputum culture. As the controls were the students who were confirmed not infected by TB after BCG test, matched for their age and sex. The statistical analysis using univariable and the clinical significance of the risk factor was inferred from the confidence interval.Result: One hundred and forty one TB-infected students were assigned as the cases and 189 students not infected by TB were assigned as the controls. The one-roof family members with over 2 week successive cough were found more in the case group than in thecontrol group, with the Odds ratio = 2.83; (95% CI = 1.01-5.611. The one-roof family members with over 2 week successive cough and positive AF sputum were found only 1 person in each group, with the Odds ratio = 1.34; (95% CI = 0.08-21.65); X2 =. 0.04; p = 0.84.Conclusion: There were more one-roof family members with over 2 week successive cough in the case group. The presence of a one-roof family member with over 2 week successive cough and positive AF sputum culture, was not proved statistically and not conclusive clinically but tendency to be conclusive as the risk factor of the incidence of TB infection in children.Keywords: TB in children - BCG test - risk factor - contact person - positive sputum culture
Dyslipidemia in type II diabetes mellitus: Pathophysiology and therapeutic approach Adiwijono, Adiwijono
Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran) Vol 25, No 04 (1993)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

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Abstract

Dyslipidemia occurs commonly in type II diabetes mellitus. Although all classes of lipoprotein may be involved, the most common lipid abnormality is increased triglycerides levels. The metabolic abnormalities associated with diabetes per se can have marked effects on serum lipids. In liver and adipose tissue, insulin has a key regulatory role of both lipid and carbohydrate metabolism pathways. If insulin secretion or action is abnormal, changes in fat and glucose metabolism will result. However, which changes will occur, is largely determined by the type of diabetes, the degree of insulin deficiency and the relative glycamic control. In many type II diabetes mellitus, it is likely that the etiology of dyslipidemia are multifactorial.There are three possible mechanisms that cause dyslipidemia in diabetes mellitus more atherogenic, i.e. glycosylation, oxidation and carbamylation processes. Since dyslipidemia and other risk factors for vascular diseases (obesity, hypertension, smoking) are frequently present, the approach to management must be broadly based.Association between diabetes mellitus and triglycerides, including relationship between disturbances of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, provide the rational use of the antilipidemic agents, diet and sport.Key Words: diabetes mellitus - dyslipidemia - insulin - atherosclerosis - hypolipidemic agents
Permanent tooth eruption in Javanese children Etty Indriati, Etty Indriati
Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran) Vol 33, No 04 (2001)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

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Abstract

Background: Permanent tooth eruption from the alveolus into the oral cavity is one of the basic growth and developmental processes in humans. The permanent tooth eruption occurs gradually with age and therefore the eruption schedule can be used as an age indicator in forensic cases where only skeletons and teeth of children have been found.Objective: This study examines permanent tooth eruption in Javanese children and compares it with other populations.Material and Method: The subjects were 175 children from the state elementary school of Imogiri II, Bantu! District, Yogyakarta. Examinations were carried out using a mouth mirror under natural light. Data was classified in one-year age interval, based on the questionnaire given to parents to fill out with the birth date of each child. In addition, the mean and median ages of dental eruption in boys and girls maxillary and mandibular dentition were also statistically analyzed.Results: Results show that in their maxillas, boys were more advanced than girls in tooth eruption, except for the upper canine teeth. Similarly, in the mandible, boys were more advanced than girls in tooth eruption, except for lower canine and second premolar teeth. In boys, the upper canines erupt later than upper second molars, which is opposite to the pattern of girls. The order of tooth eruption in boys is 11-M1, M, I, 12, 12, P1, P, P2, P2, CO3 M2, C°, M2. In girls, the order of tooth eruption is 11, M1, M, P, 12,12, PI, P1, Co, P2-P2, co, M2, M2.Conclusion: Age can be determined on the basis of tooth eruption in children and subadults.Keywords: permanent teeth, eruption, children, age, growth, Java
Hyphaema in phacolytic glaucoma, a case report. Suhardjo, Suhardjo
Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran) Vol 31, No 02 (1999)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

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Abstract

Background: Phacolytic glaucoma is a secondary glaucoma which occurs in open angle hypermature cataract and caused by trabecular obstruction. This abstruction occurs due to the leaked of lens protein through an intact capsule. Hyphaema in phacolytic glaucoma is an unusual case.Objective : To evaluate the result of conservative therapy and extra capsular cataract extraction on phacolytic glaucoma associated with hyphaema.Methods :A case of hyphaema in phacolytic glaucoma has been reported in a 62 year old man. Symptoms of decreased visual acuity, pain, headache were found in this case. Ophthalmology examination found right visual acuity 1/", light projection and color perception good, conjunctival hyperaemia, ciliary injection, corneal edema, hyphaema, opacity of anterior chamber, iris atrophy, posterior synechiae, and increased intraocular pressure. This case was treated conservatively and cataract surgery was also done accordingly.Result: The result of treatment was loss of vitreous resulted from rupture of posterior capsule, decreased of intraocular pressure.Conclusion : Conservative therapy and extra capsular cataract extraction can improve visual acuity in phacolytic glaucoma associated with hyphaema.Key words: hyphaema - phacolytic glaucoma - conservative and cataract surgery - vitreous loss.
Hubungan antara bay! beret lahlr rendah den gangguan perkembangan bicara di Poliklinik Tumbuh Kembang Anak RS. Dr. Sardjito Yogyakarta Desi Kamadewi, Desi Kamadewi
Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran) Vol 35, No 3 (2003)
Publisher : Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran)

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Abstract

Latar Belakang: Perkembangan merupakan periode penting dalam kehidupan seorang anak, khususnya pada masa anak berusia di bawah lima tahun. Beberapa faktor dapat menjadi risiko terjadinya gangguan perkembangan, di antaranya bayi berat lahir rendah (BBLR). Seiring dengan makin pesatnya kemajuan di bidang perawatan neonatal, maka angka harapan hidup BBLR meningkat secara bermakna. Di sisi lain kondisi ini menimbulkan kekhawatiran karena BBLR mempunyai risiko tinggi mengalami gangguan perkembangan, di antaranya gangguan perkembangan bicara.Tujuan: Untuk mengetahui hubungan antara bayi berat lahir rendah dan gangguan perkembangan bicara, mengetahui apakah BBLR memiliki risiko yang lebih tinggi untuk terjadinya gangguan perkembangan bicara dibandingkan BBLC, serta mengetahui hubungan antara jenis kelamin dan terjadinya gangguan perkembangan bicara pada BBLR.Desain Penelitian: Kohort retrospektif.Bahan dan Cara: Subyek penelitian adalah anak-anak berusia kurang atau sama dengan 6 tahun yang memiliki riwayat berat lahir rendah dan telah dilakukan Denver Developmental Screening Test (DDST) di Poliklinik Tumbuh Kembang Anak RS Dr. Sardjito Yogyakarta selama tahun 2000-2002. Data lengkap diperoleh dari rekam medik di bagian catatan medik RS.Dr. Sardjito Yogyakarta.Hasil: Tiga ratus bayi diikutsertakan dalam penelitian (150 BBLR sebagaikelompok yang diteliti dan 150 BBLC sebagai kontrol). Tidak terdapat perbedaan yang bermakna antara BBLR dan kelompok kontrol dalam hal gangguan perkembangan bicara nilai RR 1,07 (IK 95% 0,94-1,22), demikian pula antar jenis kelamin dalam hal gangguan perkembangan bicara tidak berbeda bermakna pada kelompok BBLR ( RR 1,07; IK 95% 0,90-1,27).Simpulan: Tidak terdapat perbedaan yang bermakna antara BBLR dan BBLC dalam hal gangguan perkembangan bicara. Tidak terdapat perbedaan yang bermakna antara jenis kelamin laki-laki dan perempuan dalam hal gangguan perkembangan bicara pada BBLR.
Effect of water extract of meniran (Phyllanthus niruri L.) on toxic effect of aflatoxin B1 in liver of rats (Rattus norvegicus) (in Vivo) Sri Suharmi, Sri Suharmi
Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran) Vol 30, No 02 (1998)
Publisher : Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran)

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Abstract

Phyllanthus niruri L. (meniran) is well known and can be used for traditional treatment of various diseases such as jaundice, diarrhea, and infection of tractus urinarius. The studies showed that the extract of Phyllanthus nirurl L. could be used as antihepatotoxics. This study was designed to investigate the effect of 10%, 20%. and 30% water-extract of Phyllanthus niruri L. herbs on the rats liver treated with 15 ug aflatoxin 131 (AFB1) In 0,2 ml propylene glycol, orally by tube, everyday for 16 and 24 weeks. Employing the analysis variance, significant effect was observed in serum glutamate-pyruvate transaminase (SGPT) and livers cytosol glutamate-pyruvate transaminase (GPT), but was not significant in livers cytosol glutathione S-transferase (GST). However among inter group analysis, significant decrease in SGPT and livers cytosol GPT observe only group treated with 20% water-extract of Phyllanthus niruri L. herbs and AFB1 compared to group treated with AFB1  (p<0,05). The study also demonstrated that 20% water-extract Phyllanthus niruri L. herbs could prevent metaplasia, hyperplasia, and proliferation of the bile duct epithellial cells and altered foci in the hepatocytes were caused by AFB1.Keyword : aflatoxin 131 - glutamate-pyruvate transaminase - glutathion S-transferase - Phyllanthus niruri L. - rats liver
The first 24 hour bilirubin level as a predictor of hyperbilirubinemia in healthy term newborns. Rina Triasih, Rina Triasih
Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran) Vol 34, No 03 (2002)
Publisher : Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran)

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Abstract

Background: The practice of early discharge in healthy term newborns results in difficulty for recognition, follow-up and early treatment of hyperbilirubinemia, the most common cause of readmission in term newborns.Objectives: The aim of the study was to determine the ability of first 24 hours total and unbound bilirubin levels in predicting hyperbilirubinemia in healthy term newborns in the first week of life. Methods: The first 24 hours and 5th day of total and unbound bilirubin were measured in 84 healthy term newborns. The total bilirubin level was measured spectrophotometrically whereas unbound bilirubin level was determined by peroxidase-oxidation method. Hyperbilirubinemia was defined as serum total bilirubin of a 12.9 mg/dL or serum unbound bilirubin of a 0.5 mg/dL after 24 hours of life.Results: A correlation between first 24 hours and 5th day of total bilirubin was found (r= 0.53) with a regression equation: Y (total bilirubin day 5) = 4.69 + 1.15 X (total bilirubin first 24 hours). In unbound bilirubin (r= 0.31), the regression equation was Y (unbound bilirubin day 5) = 0.13 + 0.95 X (unbound bilirubin first 24 hours). The relative risk of newborns whose first 24 hours total bilirubin of a 4.5 mg/dL and becoming hyperbilirubinemia was 12 (95% CI = 2.9 - 48.4), and newborns whose unbound bilirubin of a 0.09 mg/dL was 9.5 (95% CI = 1.2-77.4).Conclusions: Total bilirubin level a 4.5 mg/dL in the first 24 hours can predict the occurance of hyperbilirubinemia in the first week of life inthe term newborns.Key word: fullterm newborn, hyperbilirubinemia, prediction, total bilirubin, unbound bilirubin

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