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Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran)
Published by Universitas Gadjah Mada
ISSN : 01261312     EISSN : 23563931     DOI : http://dx.doi.org/10.19106/JMedSci005303202101
Core Subject : Science,
Immunology & microbiology Neuroscience
Journal of the Medical Sciences (JMedSci) or Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran (BIK) is an international, open-access, and double-blind peer-reviewed journal, published by Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada Yogyakarta Indonesia. JMedSci aiming to communicate high-quality articles in the areas of biomedical science from basic to clinical sciences.The journal welcomes papers from original articles, case reports, reviews, and book reviews. All papers published in JMedSci are freely available as downloadable pdf files. The journal began its publication on March 1973 and published quarterly (January, April, July, and October). JMedSci is abstracted and indexed in DOAJ, Crossref, Google Scholar, Sinta, Indonesia One Search. JMedSci is accredited by Directorate of General Higher Education, the Ministry of Research, Technology, and Higher Education, Indonesia
Arjuna Subject : Kedokteran - Kedokteran (Lain-Lain)
Articles 2,170 Documents
 34   35   36   37   38 
Effects of Meniran (Phyllanthus niiuii L.) Herbs-Hexane Extracts Against the Toxic Effect of Aflatoxin Br in The Liver of Rattus norvegicus Rats Wiryatun Lestariana, Wiryatun Lestariana
Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran) Vol 29, No 02 (1997)
Publisher : Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran)

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Abstract

The principal objective of this study is to provide more extensive description of the chemopreventive effect of rneniran herbs-hexan extracts against the toxic effect of aflatoxin B1 in the liver of Rattus norvegicus rats. The subjects consisted of sixteen male rats Rattus norvegicus in good general condition, 1 - 2 month old, with body weight around 62 - 68.5 grams, divided into 4 groups of four rats each. Water and ad libid were given to All of the groups of the rats. The first group was given 1 ml of emulsion of coconut oil. The second group was given 30 mg of meniran herbs-hexane extracts in 1 ml emulsion. The third group was given 15 g aflatoxin B, (AFB,) in 1 ml emulsion. The fourth group was given 30 mg of meniran herbs-hexane extracts and 15 g of AFB, in 1 ml of emulsion. Extract and AFBi were given orally by an aplicator for 16 weeks. By analysis of variance the results showed that the effect of meniran herbs-hexane extracts against the toxic effect of aflatoxin B1 demonstrated a significant effect (p < 0,01) in serum alanine aminotransferase (glutamic pyruvictransaminase). Aflatoxin B, increased serum alanine aminotransferase significantly (p < 0.001) in comparison with control (the group of rats treated with 1 ml emulsion and the group of the rats treated with 30 mg extracts). Histological feature in the group of rats treated with AFBi showed bad liver features compared to the other groups. There were altered foci in the hepatocytes (3/5) and the bile duct epithelial cells demonstrated hyperplasia as well as metaplasia (5/5). The group of the rats treated with meniran herbs-hexane extracts and AFB, showed normal hepatocytes and some of bile duct epithelial cells showed proliferation. The other groups of the rats respectively treated with coconut oil emulsion and meniran herbs-hexane extracts showed normal hepatocytes and bile ducts epithelial cells. It is concluded that meniran herbs-hexane extracts could be used to reduce aflatoxin B, toxicity in the rat liver.Keywords: Phyllanthus niruri L. herbs-hexane extracts - aflatoxin Bt - serum alanine aminotransferase - bileduct epithelial cells - hepatocytes - Rattus norvegicus
The benefits of steroid as therapy for tuberculous effusion Barmawi Hisyam, Barmawi Hisyam
Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran) Vol 33, No 03 (2001)
Publisher : Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran)

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Abstract

Tuberculous effusion is a complication of pulmonary or extra pulmonary tuberculosis. The specific diagnosis is made by the finding of mycobacterium in the effusion and pleural tissue. Therapy of tuberculous effusion is mainly reducing symptoms, prevent progressivity and fibrothorax. Common complications of tuberculous effusion are pleural fibrosis, thickening and calcification of pleura. To prevent those, corticosteroid is often needed as additional therapy, besides anti tuberculous drugs. There has been controversy about the benefits of steroid as therapy for tuberculous effusion.Keywords : pulmonary tuberculosis, extrapulmonary tuberculosis, tuberculous effusion, corticosteroids, anti tuberculous drugs.,
The efficacy of using intraoperative compared with postoperative topical 0.04% Mitomycin-C drops to the recurrence of Pterygium Suhardjo, Suhardjo
Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran) Vol 31, No 03 (1999)
Publisher : Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran)

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Abstract

Background: The major problem in the treatment of pterygium is to prevent recurrences after surgical excision. To prevent the neovascularization and recurrence, variable doses and administration of mitomycin C installation had been used. However no single treatment has been universally effective yet.Objective: The purpose of this studies is to evaluate the safety and efficacy of two different methods of 0.04% Mitomycin - C application as adjunctive chemotherapy to the recurrence of pterygium. Methods: The research had been conducted at the Dr. Sardjito Central Hospital, Wates Central Hospital Gombong PKU Hospital, and Purworejo Aisyiah Hospital from January 1995 to December 1998. Eighty eight patients underwent pterygium excision were involved in this study, and divided into two groups. Group I or intraoperative 0.04% MMC group of 44 cases receiving 0.04% MMC drops applied to the bare sclera for 4 minutes intraoperatively. Group II or post operative group of 44 cases receiving 0.04% MMC eye drops one day after excision once daily during the first postoperatively week and continued with a dosage of one drop 3 times a day during the second postoperative week. Observations were done daily during the first postoperative week, weekly during the first postoperative month, and monthly up to 6 months. Observations were done including of the symptoms of recurrence and side effects of the treatment. The data were analyzed using the Students test and chi square technique.Results: In the intraoperative group, 6 cases (13.67%) recurred, 2 cases of superficial punctate keratitis. In the postoperative group,. 7 cases (15.95%), and 3 cases superficial punctate keratitis. There was no statistical difference in the rates of recurrence (x2 ---- 0,0902, p>0,05). Most of the cases of pain, tearing and lid edema occurred in the group intra-operative. No other complication was observed in the course of the study.Conclussion: A single dose intraoperative application of MMC is a simple, economic, affective alternative adjunctive treatment for pterygium.Key words : Intraoperative mitomycin-C - pterygium excision - recurrence
Knowledge of Junior High School teachers upon adolescent reproductive health in Yogyakarta Municipality Ratni Indrawanti, Ratni Indrawanti
Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran) Vol 34, No 04 (2002)
Publisher : Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran)

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Abstract

Objective: The aim of this study was to know the knowledge of Junior High School teacher upon adolescent reproductive health and the influencing factors.Materials and Methods: The study population is the teachers of Junior High Schools in Yogyakarta Municipality, 280 teachers were enrolled. Data on the characteristics and the knowledge upon the adolescent reproductive health were collected by questionnaire.Results: The teachers knowledge on the maturation of the female reproductive showed a statistical difference between the teacher group involved in the reproductive health teaching and the univolved group (p = 0.0004); the knowledge on the maturation of the male reproduction showed a statistical difference between the teacher group who had been in charge for more than 20 years compared to less than 20 year teacher (p = 0.015), likewise between the teacher group involved in the reproductive health teaching compared to the uninvolved (p = 0.0005); on the woman fertile period only 50% of the teachers had correct knowledge and there was a statistical difference between the teacher group involved in the reproductive health teaching and uninvolved group (p = 0.035). The score of the teachers knowledge that a woman can become pregnant by a single sexual intercouse was inadequate (about 60% of full score) and there was a statistical difference between teacher group involved in the reproductive health teaching and the uninvolved group (p = 0.035); the score of the teachers knowledge that a woman can become pregnant by interrupted sexual intercouse was inadequate (about 50% of full score) and there was a statistical difference between female and male teachers (p = 0.01), between the teacher group who had been in charge for more than 20 years compared to less than 20 year group (p=0.025). The teachers knowledge that woman cannot become pregnant by vaginal rinsing soon after a sexual intercouse was inadequate (about 60% of full score) and the teacher group involved in the Religion, Biology and Physical Health teaching was less than the other group and there was a statistical difference (p = 0.037), likewise between the teacher group who had been in charge for more than 20 years compared to less than 20 year group (p = 0.019), between teacher group involved in the reproductive health teaching and the uninvolved group there was a statistical (p = 0.005). Concerning the knowledge on Herpes infection there was a statistical difference between teacher group involved in the reproductive health teaching and the uninvolved group (p = 0.007); concerning the teachers behaviour on reproductive discussion with the students, the teachers involved in of Religion, Biology and Physical Health teaching or involved in guidance and councelling performed discussion more frequently compared to the other groups and a statistical differences was found (p= 0.00005). It was questionable that 64.8% teachers who were involved in the reproductive health teaching never discussed about the matter with their students. The teachers knowledge on some diseases that can be transmitted by sexual activities was variable: on AIDS and Syphillis nearly 70% teachers knew, on Chlamydia 39.8% and on Herpes less than 15%. Logistic regression analysis to find the influencing factor on the teachers knowledge showed: the involvement in the reproductive health teaching had influence on the knowledge upon the maturation of female and male sexual development more than the length of teaching, it influenced also the behavior to discuss sexual matter to the students. Gender and length of teaching did not influence the teachers knowledge whether a woman can become pregnant by interupted sexual intercouse; the subject of teaching and the involvement that a woman will not become pregnant by rinsing their sexual organ soon after a sexual intercouse.Conclusion: The knowledge and behaviour or the Junior High School teachers in Yogyakarta were inad- equate on some important issues and influenced especially by the subject teaching.Key word : adolescent reproductive health knowledge - Junior High School Teacher - influencing factors
Nucleolar organizer region (AgNOR) staining on fibrocystic change of the breast. Ahmad Ghozali, Ahmad Ghozali
Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran) Vol 29, No 02 (1997)
Publisher : Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran)

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Abstract

In the past the fibrocystic change of breast was considered as a precancerous lesion, consequently the management of a fibrocystic patient was often overdone. Later, after thorough researches, it has been histologically (Page classification) proven that only small part of the changes have high risk to become invasive carcinoma. The leading factor which increases the risk is the grade of proliferation of the gland epithelia. AgNOR stain is a staining method to evaluate cell proliferation activity which has been proven as one of tools for the assessment of the prognosis of several malignant tumors including breast cancer. in this study the amount of AgNOR in fibrocystic change was studied based on Page classification. Nineteen fibrocystic cases classified by Page were stained with colloidal silver. NORs were counted manually. The mean of AgNOR of each classification, normal gland, and carcinoma was compared. There were significant differences of AgNOR count found between each classification, normal gland and carcinoma. The AgNOR count of non proliferative lesion were 2.074 ± 0.320, proliferative disease without atypia 2.416 ± 0.35, atypical hyperplasia 2.876 ± 0.249, normal gland 1.637 ± 0.330, and in carcinoma 4.407 ± 0.340. The result demonstrated that the AgNOR staining is a reliable marker for proliferation activity, and can differentiate atypical hyperplasia from carcinoma. The determination of AgNOR count can be done routinely to follow up and monitor the high risk lesions.Key words: fibrocystic change - Page classification - nucleolar organizer.
Cytotoxic effects of methanol extract isolated from Erythrina fusca Lour on cancer cell-lines Sismindari, Sismindari
Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran) Vol 35, No 2 (2003)
Publisher : Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran)

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Abstract

Background: Erythrina is a medicinal plant which is frequently used to treat cancer in Africa. People in Java, however, use Erythrina fusca (cangkring) to treat varicella and measles. Previous works demonstrated that the methanol extract of this plants leaves induced DNA topoisomerase II mediated DNA cleavage. This activity has been used widely as a target to find anticancer medicine. In order to be scientifically proofed the activity, therefore, it is necessary to analyze directly on the cancer cell-lines. Objectives: To identify the cytotoxicity effect of methanol extract of E. fusca leaves against cancer cell-lines.Methods: Cytotoxicity analysis of methanol extract isolated from E. fusca leaves was carried out against myeloma and HeLa S-3 cancer cell-lines, and to normal mononuclear cell. The level of cytotoxicity was determined by calculating the level of IC50 which was based on the percentage of the cell death following the 24 hours incubation with the extract.Results: It was demonstrated that this methanol extract was cytotoxic to myeloma and HeLa S-3 cell-lines with the IC50 of 0.005 mg/ml and IC50 of 0.08 mg/ml respectively. The percentage of the cell death on treated normal mononuclear cell with the extract, however, was very much low 110%). This was similar to that on the DMSO treated cells.Conclusion: The methanol extract isolated from E. fusca leaves was demonstrated had a selective cytotoxicity effect, as indicated by the level of the IC50 which was higher to myeloma compared to HeLa S3 cell-line, and had much less cytotoxic on normal mononuclear cells.Key words: Erythrina fusca, cytotoxicity, cancer cell-lines, mononuclear cell
The roles of forensic anthropology in fetal death investigation Etty Indriati, Etty Indriati
Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran) Vol 31, No 03 (1999)
Publisher : Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran)

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Abstract

Physical anthropologist who has a training in forensic anthropology may be requested to give an expertestimony. In case of discovery of fetal remains, forensic scientist should understand on what main principles of medicolegal examination the evidences are based. In relation with fetal skeletal remains several investigations should be emphasized, i.e. the origin of the skeleton, the maturity compared with gestational age, the prematurity, whether the fetus is viable at birth, is the case an abortion one, the furnish data indicating the possible cause of death, and the time elapased between the interment and the discovery.The aim of this paper is to discuss the role of forensic anthropology in fetal death investigation and to present case studies of fetal death. The methods used in this study are those by various experts, to determine the age of fetuses. The material of the case study is an unknown fetal remain from Java-Indonesia sent by the law enforcement agency. The study was carried out in the Laboratory of Bioanthropology and Paleoanthropology Faculty of Medicine in July 1990. The result shows the Ohtsukis method proved to be the most appropriate in this case, probably due to the similarity in body size between the Japanese and Indonesian. The result also shows that fetal age identification is extremely sensitive to measurement error. An error of 2 mm. Can lead to 3 months difference in fetal age, therefore, a caliper with 0.005 mm. accuracy is suggested. The conclusion drawn from this study is that physical anthropology is a necessary part of forensic investigation.Key Words: fetal remains investigation - Java origin - fetal age - identification method - forensic anthropology
Syringomyelia and its treatment - A case report Siti Musfiroh, Siti Musfiroh
Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran) Vol 30, No 03 (1998)
Publisher : Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran)

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Abstract

Syringomyelia is a chronic progressive degenerative disorder of the spinal cord, characterized clinically by brachial amyotrophy and segmental sensory loss of dissociated type. Pathologically shows cavitation in the central parts of the spinal cord, usually at the cervical region but extending upward into medulla oblongata and pons or downward into the thoracic or even the lumbar segments. This disorder doesnt product weakness of the limb. The early symptom, was weighty and stiffness of the neck, and painful of the right arm. After four years her right shoulder was pain too and there was anesthesia, with Magnetic Resonance Imaging we knew that she had syringomelia in the carvical area. She became exellent outcome after shunting. Conclusion : the case was the shoulder arm syndrom case with segmental anesthesia which was becoming worst, it should be suspecious of syringomelia and it must be treated by establishing shunt.key word : syringomyelia - brachial amyotrophy - anesthesia - magnetic resonance imaging.
The Influence of Blood Sample Volume to the Growth of Microorganism in Blood Culture Osman Sianipar, Osman Sianipar
Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran) Vol 35, No 3 (2003)
Publisher : Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran)

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Abstract

Background: One of the important things in infectious diseases management is bacterial detection. Bacterial finding is influenced by many factors and the most important thing is blood sample volume inoculated into culture bottles. Sometimes difficulty occurs whenever blood sample volume taken is not sufficient as recommended, especially in children.Objectives: The objective of this study is to investigate the influence of blood sample volume on microorganism growth in blood culture.Methods: A prospective observational study was taken to investigate the influence of blood sample volume on microorganism growth in blood culture from clinical specimen. The inclusion criteria were patients with infection, sepsis, invasive procedures and possible immunocompromized conditions. Blood sample volume was measured by the difference between the final volume and volume of medium, and expressed as sample/medium ratio. The Chi-Square and Fishers exact tests were used to examine the proportion between inappropriate and appropriate sample/medium ratio.Results: There were 113 (30.4%) out of 372 culture bottles showed bacterial growth with 118 isolates. The gram-negative bacilli isolates were mostly found (67.8%). The proportion of bacterial growth in inappropriate recommended ratio was significantly higher comparing to the appropriate one. The different methods in detecting the bacterial growth did not influence the detection rate. The day-to-daY proportion of bacterial growth rate did not differ significantly.Conclusion: The sample/medium ratio seems do not influence the bacterial growth rate.Key words: blood sample volume - sample medium ratio - bacterial growth - blood culture
Number of polymorphonuclear leucocytes in the endocervical discharge smear examination as diagnostic test for chlamydial cervicitis Satiti Retno Pudjiati, Satiti Retno Pudjiati
Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran) Vol 29, No 04 (1997)
Publisher : Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran)

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Abstract

The chlamydial servicitis is the most prevalent sexually transmitted disease among child-bearing age women and usually asymtomatic in nature, so it is difficult to be diagnosed early and to be eradicated. The laboratory methods for supporting its clinical diagnosis, whether in vitro cultivation or automatic technique, are not only complicated but also expensive. The simplest laboratory testing, especially for primary clinical service with !imitated in laboratory equipment, is achieved by counting the total number of polymorphonuclear leucocytes of endoservical exudate. Unfortunately, the cut off point varied from one country to another. In Indonesia, this cut off point has not determined yet. The purpose of this study was to develop simple and efficient diagnostic test for diagnosing chlamydial cervicitis, by searching the cut off point of a number of polymorphonuclear leucocytes in the endocervical discharge smear examination stained with Gram. The subjects of this study were female sex workers; 44 were from the Clinic of Griya Lentera PKBI Yogyakarta and 36 were from Sanggrahan Resosialisation Yogyakarta. Gynecologic examination, laboratory examination with Gram staining and C. trachomatis antigen detection using Test Pack Chlamydia were done on all subjects. The results indicated that the cut off point of the number of polymorphonuclear leucocyte in diagnosing chlamydial cervicitis is 10 with 60 % sensitivity, 76.67 % specificity, 81 % PPV (positive predictive value) and 53.49 % NPV (negative predictive value).Key words: chlamydial cervicitis - Grams stain - polymorphonuclear leucocyte - test pack chlamydia -female sex workers.

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