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Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran)
Published by Universitas Gadjah Mada
ISSN : 01261312     EISSN : 23563931     DOI : http://dx.doi.org/10.19106/JMedSci005303202101
Core Subject : Science,
Immunology & microbiology Neuroscience
Journal of the Medical Sciences (JMedSci) or Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran (BIK) is an international, open-access, and double-blind peer-reviewed journal, published by Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada Yogyakarta Indonesia. JMedSci aiming to communicate high-quality articles in the areas of biomedical science from basic to clinical sciences.The journal welcomes papers from original articles, case reports, reviews, and book reviews. All papers published in JMedSci are freely available as downloadable pdf files. The journal began its publication on March 1973 and published quarterly (January, April, July, and October). JMedSci is abstracted and indexed in DOAJ, Crossref, Google Scholar, Sinta, Indonesia One Search. JMedSci is accredited by Directorate of General Higher Education, the Ministry of Research, Technology, and Higher Education, Indonesia
Arjuna Subject : Kedokteran - Kedokteran (Lain-Lain)
Articles 2,170 Documents
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The prevention of the occurence of ultraviolet B (UVB) induced hypoxanthine guanidine phosphoribosyl transferase (HGPRT) mutant cells by several commercial sunscreens An in vitro study Noor Ikhtiyati, Noor Ikhtiyati
Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran) Vol 30, No 03 (1998)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

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Abstract

This study was aimed at comparing the effect of three different SPF (Sun Protecting Factors) of sunscreens in the prevention of UVB (Ultraviolet B) Induced mutant fibroblast cells. The study was done using a simple experimental study design. Three commercially sunscreens were coated on the plate cover surface of fibroblast culture wells. Fibroblasts were isolated from ten young boy foreskins and subcultured in 3 to 5 passages. Mutagenic transformation was done by Irradiation with 6.5 J/m2 Coerman Solarium CTL 3111 as a source of UVB. In addition there were two groups which were unprotected for control group and untreated with UVB for counting cumulative population doubling ratio (cpd). Three days after UVB irradiation, the culture, except for an unirradiated group, were incubated in HGPRT (hypoxanthine guanidine phosphoribosyl transferase) enriched medium, and fibroblast which survived in those medium considered as mutant cells. Cpd was calculated based on cell multiplication of the untreated group. The ratio of mutant cell population (mcp) is quantified by dividing the number of mutant cells with cpd. The difference of mean mcp between three subgroup of sunscreens and unprotected group was analyzed with Students t test, and the difference of mean mcp among three subgroup of sunscreens was analyzed with ANOVA. The result showed that the mean mcp of sunscreen covered cultures were lower compared to the uncovered cultures and the higher SPF had lower mean of mcp significantly (P). Therefore sunscreen was proven to protect the induction of HGPRT mutant fibroblast although the protection was not totally, and the higher SPF sunscreen showed higher protection.Key words : sunscreens - SPF - UVB - HGPRT gene mutation - fibroblast culture.
Pattern of secondary sexual development of elementary school female students in Yogyakarta Municipality Anik Puryatni, Anik Puryatni
Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran) Vol 34, No 04 (2002)
Publisher : Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran)

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Abstract

Background: Adolescence is a part of the growth cycle, characterized by significant changes in physical, cognitive and psychosocial aspects. Improvement in nutritional status and the influence of sexual hormons in the adolescent period cause an acceleration in maturation and the emerging of secondary sexual characteristics.Objective: To examine the beginning of secondary sexual development in female students of elementary school in Yogyakarta Municipality, and the correlation of nutritional status and secondary sexual development.Design: Cross sectional.Materials and methods: Subjects consist of 250 female students, through proportional population multi stage random sampling from all elementary school students in Yogyakarta. The age of menarche and the secondary sexual characteristics were determined using standardized questionaire. Nutritional status was determined based on z-score of body weight to age, body height to age, and body mass index (BMI). Results: The average age of the beginning of mammary enlargement was 11.35 years, and the start of pubic hair growth happened at 11.12 years of age. A larger proportion of the students (70.4%) had not experienced menarche yet, and the average age of menarche was 11.16 (± 0.95) years old. Most of the students had good nutritional status (88%) and normal body height (90%) based on the z-score, and can be categorized as normal based on the BMI (58%). Mammary growth was faster in students with better nutritional status based on body weight/age (p=0.0001), on body height/age (p =0.0002), and based on BMI (p=0.0005). The same result was observed on pubic hair growth of students with better nutritional status: p =0.043 based on body weight/age, and p =0.038 based on body height/age. The age of menarche of students with better nutritional status was younger (p =0.015) based on body weight/age, p=0.033 based on body height/age, and p<0.0001 based on BMI; 15.2% students had never received information concerning sexual development, the source of information mostly were parents, school-mates, books or magazines, and the role played by the teachers was still minimal.Conclusion: The average of mammary growth is 1135 years old, and the average age of pubic hair growth was 11.12 years old. And menarche nutritional status has positive influence on the secondarysexual development. Key words: female secondary sexual development, menarche, nutritional status
Polytherapy in the management of epilepsy Samekto Wibowo, Samekto Wibowo
Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran) Vol 29, No 04 (1997)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

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Abstract

Antiepileptic drugs take a dominant role in the management of epilepsy. Although monotherapy has been recommended, polytherapy sometimes is very difficult to be avoided. This study wanted to remind: what factors should be considered in epilepsy polytherapy. Drug-drug interactions and the risk of side effects might occures. Optimal polytherapy was often achieved with drugs that had different mechanism of action, relatively few side effects, high therapeutic indexes, and limited or no drug interactions. To choose the drug groups, the following factors should also be considered, namely: efficacy, safety, suitability and cost of treatment. In short, polytherapy should be rational.Key words: epilepsy - monotherapy - polytherapy - rational use of drugs - drugs infraction
Stature in Yogyakartas students and prehistoric Balinese circa 1100 A.C. Etty Indriati, Etty Indriati
Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran) Vol 34, No 01 (2002)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

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Abstract

Background: Stature is one of growth and development indicators among others such as weight, dental eruption, and bone development. Stature varies between populations and races, and changes across times and spaces.Aim of study: to understand the average stature of groups of Indonesians relative to other populations worldwide; and to understand the anthropological category of Indonesians stature. Material and methods: Subjects were students of National University of Yogyakarta consisted of 245 people. Sex, age and their statures were recorded. In addition, the stature of 47 human skeletal remains from prehistoric Bali were measured utilizing regression formula of Mongolid race.Results: The average stature of Yogyakarta National University students in 1980s was 165 cm and 152.8 cm in males and females respectively. In the 1990s, their statures were 165.4 cm and 153.7 cm respectively. The prehistoric Balinese circa 1100 A.D. had statures of 164.4 cm and 157.3 cm in males and females respectively.Conclusion: Increased stature of 0.4 cm in males and 0.9 cm in females among Yogyakarta students in one decade might have been related to better nutrition, social and economy from the 80s to the 90s. Within two millennia, Indonesian stature has not undertook significance change. Indonesian stature is medium relative to other populations stature worldwide; and in the range of stature of people from China, Hongkong, Taiwan, Thailand, and India. However, Indonesian stature is below the average stature of European and American people. This suggests that race/genetics are more prominent as contributing factors reaching terminal stature, compared to latitude (weather and geograpy).Keywords: stature, Yogyakarta, Bali, anthropology, growth
The state of body iron in women anemic patients at Dr. Sardjito General Hospital Setyawati, Setyawati
Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran) Vol 25, No 04 (1993)
Publisher : Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran)

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Abstract

Disorders resulting from body iron overload (hemosiderosis in reticgoendothelial cells or accumulation within parenchymal cells of the liver, heart and other organs) may octal- in patients who have undergone frequent blood transfusions or under other excessive iron therapy to treat the anemia. Therefore, every iron preparation especially by repeated parenteral route or blood transfusions must be accompanied by monitoring of body iron status.In the present study the most useful indirect measurement of ,body iron status, included serum ferritin (SF), serum iron (SI), total iron binding capacity (TIBC), transferin saturation (TS) and the erythrocyte, were studied in 34 women anemic patients at the Dr. Sardjito General Hospital.The results of the study are as follows: among 30 subjects with anemia caused by other than iron deficiency, included chronic renal diseases, inflammation or infection, hematologic and other organ malignancy, idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, the mean of SF level increased to 210,85ng/ml; but SI level (66,941g/d1) and TIBC (271, 07/µg/dl) showed no useful information about the state of iron stores, because its large biologic and analytic variability.In overall there was normal percentage of TS (25,58%), but among them 7 cases showed evidence of blood loss with TS less than normal, and erythrocyte indices within normal range.In 4 patients with uncomplicated iron deficiency anemia the mean of SF and 1S were low (4,62ng/ml and 11,85% respectively), although SI only slightly decreased (38,7/tig/d1), and the TIBC was normal (340,3ffig/d1). The blood smears showed variation of size in the erythrocyte, with many smaller than normal and pale RBCs.It is concluded that ferritin serum measurement was the most sensitive and non invasive indicator for early stage of iron deficiency assessment. However, in fact no single indicator or, combination of indicators is ideal for the evaluation of body iron status in all clinical circumstances, because each indicator may be by other conditions such as infections, inflammations, liver, chronic, renal disease and malignancy.Key Words: anemia - serum ferritin - serum iron - total iron binding capacity - transferin saturation
Severe atopic dermatitis with xerophthalmia in children: A case report Sumadiono, Sumadiono
Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran) Vol 33, No 04 (2001)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

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Abstract

The management of the atopic dermatitis is not easy and in the severe cases it is a chalenge for the physician. It was reported a 6 year and 3 month old boy with severe atopic dermatitis with erythroderma, secondary infection, marasmic type of severe malnutrition with xerophthalmia, suspected iron defeciency anemia, acute gastroenteritis and miliary tuberculosis. The child had suffered from this disease since he was 3 months old, spreading and becoming worse. The clinical manifestations were redness and black appearance of the skin, excoriation and cast in the skin, some pats of the skin chaping and watery, there was a lacerated wound around his nose. There were many relatives with atopic history in his family tree. The patient had allergy to some medicines (ampicillin and sulfa), and also to many kinds of food. There was eosinophilia in the peripheral blood. The patient had been treated with topical skin medicine, systemic antihistamin/corticosteroid, anti tuberculosis, antibiotics, and local treatment for his eyes, but no improvement. According to the discussion between pediatricians and dermatologists the patient was suffered from severe atopic dermatitis, and was suspected had another disease (geno dermatitis). It is important to avoid drugs that had triggerred allergy before. The limitation of the diet had caused severe malnutrtion. Vitamin A had to be given early. Second generation antihistamine was actually needed to be given early and for several months. It was necessary to do many examinations to establish more exact diagnosis, but the patient died before the examinations were done.Keywords : Atopi dermatitis in children - eosinophil - marasmus xerophthalmia - treatment
Toxicity screening using Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BST) of some benalu species traditionally utilized to treat tumour in Indonesia. Mae Sri Hartati W, Mae Sri Hartati W
Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran) Vol 31, No 01 (1999)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

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Abstract

Background : Traditionally some benalu species were used to treat tumour in Indonesia. Some research report indicated the present of anti tumour activity, although its toxicity study by BST was not performed yet. It is necessary to observe the toxic level of the benalu leaves and whether they are safe to be consumed. Objectives : To determine the toxic level of species of benalu leaves (Dendrophtoe pentandra L. Miq. (1), Macrosolen tetragonus (bL) Miq. (2 and 7), Helixanthera parasitica Lour. (3), Dendrophtoe falcate (Lf.) Ettings (4), Dendrophtoe constricta Dans. (5), Macrosolen cochinchinensis (Lour). Tiegh. (6))Methods : The leaves of benalu were separately extracted with chloroform, followed by methanol. The chloform and methanol extracts toxicity level were screened using Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BST) at the dose of 1500, 1000 and 500 ug/mI. The level of the toxicity was determined by counting the death percentage of the Artemia saline larvae after 24 hours of adding the extract at the dose indicated. The extract was considered toxic when 100% A. saline larvae was killed at the dose < 1000 ug/ml, and the extract was mildl toxic when 100% death percentage was observed at the dose of 1500 ug/ml.Results : Practically all the chloroform extracts were non toxic since they were not able to kill 100% A. saline larvae at the dose of 1000 ug/mI. Although when the doses were raised to 1500 ug/mI, the 100% death percentage was still not obtained. Similarly, the methanol extracts were also non toxic at the dose of 1000 ug/ml. However, M. cochinchinensis (6) and M. tetragonus (7) were considered to be mild) toxic as their methanol extracts were able to kill 100% A. saline larvae when the dose was raised to 1500 ug/mI.Conclusion: The different test result (at 1500 ug/mI) shown by two methanol extracts of similar species M. tetragonus {2b (killed 52%) & 7b (100%)} should give an idea that the benalu are practically non toxic and save to be consumed for tumor treatment.Key words : toxicity screening, brine shrimp lethality test (bst) - benalu leaves - benalu hosts - anti tumor.
FlOariasis caused by nonpedodic form of Brugia malayi among Bugis and Banjar settlers in East Kalimantan FA Sudjadi, FA Sudjadi
Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran) Vol 30, No 01 (1998)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

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Abstract

Nonperiodic form of B. malayi was recently discovered as a new infraspecific variant (new subspecies) of filarial parasite found among Dayak Indigenous people living scattered in deep forest of East Kalimantan. In this research, clinical or blood (including membrane filter concentration method) examinations were carried out on Bugis or Banjar tribais in kampongs or more open areas in East Kalimantan. The malayan filariasis infections were detected among them, but not in high prevalence nor microfilarial density, such as found in two villages in Mahakam delta or another one In Bontang area, Kutai regency. The clinical manifestations, however, were not severe nor specific.Key words: Brugia malayi - nonperiodic form - Bugis and Banjar settler - natural selection pressure - parasite dispersal.
Amplification and cloning of block 2 of the gene encoding Merozoite Surface Protein-1 (MSP-1) of Plasmodium falciparum isolated from Kokap, Yogyakarta Elsa Herdiana, Elsa Herdiana
Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran) Vol 34, No 02 (2002)
Publisher : Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran)

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Abstract

Background: Falciparum malaria remains a major public health problem in tropical and subtropical countries including Indonesia. The disease is caused by Plasmodium falciparum and spread by Anopheline mosquitoes. The widespread of Plasmodium which are resistant to antimalarial drugs and Anopheline mosquitoes which are resistant to insecticides have urged to look for alternative solutions including the development of protective vaccines. Several vaccine candidates have been studied, one of them is Merozoite Surface Protein-1 (MSP-1) which is expressed on the surface of merozoite. It was shown that this protein induces protective immune responses. Variation on the gene encoding MSP-1 of Plasmodium falciparum has been well documented but such data from Indonesia population have never been studied. Objective: The aim of this study is to amplify and clone MSP-1 gene of P. falciparum isolated from Kokap, Yogyakarta.Methods: Block 2 of the gene encoding MSP-1 was amplified by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and the PCR amplification products were cloned using pGEM® -T vector and transformed into Escherichia coil JM 109.Result: From 19 PCR results, 3 were cloned and 10 colonies were picked up. Nine of 10 showed the MSP-1 gene insertion by PCR method.Conclusion: Block 2 of the gene encoding MSP-1 of P. falciparum isolated from Kokap, Yogyakarta was successfully amplified by PCR method. This study resulted in 9 recombinant plasmids which contained MSP-1 gene as the outcome of cloning and transformation into E.coli.Key words: P. falciparum - MSP-1 - PCR - Amplification - Cloning
Accuracy of standard test of renal function status IKA-1984 Lydia Kosnadi, Lydia Kosnadi
Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran) Vol 29, No 01 (1997)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

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Abstract

Measurements of standard inulin clearance and endogeous creatinine clearances were performed simultaneously in 112 children aged 2-14 years suffering from renal diseases. To diagnose the status of these renal functions, normal or decreased, a standard renal function test, namely IKA-1984, was used. The aim of this study was to investigate the accuracy of IKA-1984 compared with the other four standard renal function tests (i.e. Schwartz-1976, Feld-1990, Barratt-1975 and Chantler-1976). The data analysis used was clinical agreement in the interpretation of diagnostic tests. The results revealed very high kappa indexes (>0,80), providing IKA-1984 was accurate.Key words : inulin and creatinine clearances - renal function tests - accuracy - clinical disagreement - kappa index

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