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Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran)
Published by Universitas Gadjah Mada
ISSN : 01261312     EISSN : 23563931     DOI : http://dx.doi.org/10.19106/JMedSci005303202101
Core Subject : Science,
Immunology & microbiology Neuroscience
Journal of the Medical Sciences (JMedSci) or Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran (BIK) is an international, open-access, and double-blind peer-reviewed journal, published by Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada Yogyakarta Indonesia. JMedSci aiming to communicate high-quality articles in the areas of biomedical science from basic to clinical sciences.The journal welcomes papers from original articles, case reports, reviews, and book reviews. All papers published in JMedSci are freely available as downloadable pdf files. The journal began its publication on March 1973 and published quarterly (January, April, July, and October). JMedSci is abstracted and indexed in DOAJ, Crossref, Google Scholar, Sinta, Indonesia One Search. JMedSci is accredited by Directorate of General Higher Education, the Ministry of Research, Technology, and Higher Education, Indonesia
Arjuna Subject : Kedokteran - Kedokteran (Lain-Lain)
Articles 2,170 Documents
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Secondary sexual characteristics development pattern in elementary school male students in the municipality of Yogyakarta Daniel Susatyo Wirawan, Daniel Susatyo Wirawan
Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran) Vol 34, No 03 (2002)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

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Abstract

Background: Twenty two point two percent of Indonesian population are adolescents, and 50.9% of them are male. The development characteristics during puberty are growth spurt, sexual maturation, and secondary sexual development, and these characteristics are affected by nutritional status, health care and social economic status.Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the correlation between nutritional status and social factors with the development of secondary sexual characteristics, sexual maturation, and the average age of spermache in YogyakartaDesign: Cross sectional studyMaterial and Methods: One thousand two hundred and sixty three male students enrolled using a proportional population multi stage random sampling were included in this study from all elementary school students in the Municipality of Yogyakarta. Nutritional status was assessed by z-score for weight for age, height for age, and body mass index (BMI). The age of spermache, secondary sexual characteristics, and social factors was obtained by standard questionnaires.Result: Based on z-score value, most of the subjects were wellnourished (84.3%), and normal height (85.3%). Based on BMI most of the students were wasted (62.8%). The average age of spermache in wellnourished, and normal height students were younger than those undernourished, and this difference was statistically significant (p < .001). There was no statistically difference in the development of secondary sexual characteristics between wellnourished and undernourished students, either based on z-score or BMI. Most of the subjects who were exposed to pornography, either pictures (OR 2.20 95% CI 1.31-3.69) or videos (OR 2.09 95%Cl 1.29-3.38) had more spermache than those without experienced. Most of the students (71.74%) were in level 1 of sexual maturity rating (SMR1) based on Tanner scale. There was a relationship between nutritional status based on BMI and sexual maturity rating (p= .007). Conclusions: Nutritional status influenced spermache, and earlier age of spermache, also sexual maturity. Pornography exposure affected spermache.Key words: male students - secondary sexual characteristics - spermache - nutritional status - pornography
Mortality and morbidity patterns in measles cases admitted to the hospitals in Yogyakarta Djauhar Ismail, Djauhar Ismail
Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran) Vol 29, No 02 (1997)
Publisher : Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran)

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Abstract

The case fatality rate of measles cases admitted to the hospitals in Indonesia in the period of 1973 -1989 varied from as high as 26.1% in Medan to 2.4% in Bali, with an average of 10.9% in all hospitals. In Indonesia, according to the National Household Health Survey 1985 , the province of Yogyakarta had the lowest of infant mortality and was ranked high for the coverage of measles immunization and also the medical facilities in this are is relatively easy to acces. The purpose of this study was to obtain the case fatality rates and the clinical characteristics of measles cases admitted to the hospitals in the province of Yogyakarta in the period of 1984 to 1990, leading to a comparison with data from other hospitals in Indonesia. This study comprised, a retrospective study during the period of 1984 - 1987 involving 5 hospitals in Yogyakarta municipality, and a prospective study during the period of 1988 - 1990 carried out in 9 hospitals in the province of Yogyakarta. The results showed that the percentage of under-five children suffering from measles admitted to the hospitals in the period 1984 - 1987 was higher compared to under-five children hospitalized in the period of 1988 - 1990 (60% versus 36%). Therefore, it can be concluded that there was a shift in the distribution of measles cases to older children. This was probably due to the coverage of measles immunization in Yogyakarta which was higher as compared with other places. Since younger children were already protected by immunization, a relatively more older cases were found in Yogyakarta. The case fatality rate of 0.4% (2 out of 472 cases) during the period of 1984 -1987 and 0.8% (3 out of 386 cases) during the period of 1988-1990 in Yogyakarta were much lower as compared with the data reported from other hospitals in Indonesia. Several factors such as the general health condition of the province of Yogyakarta, as well as the frequency and types of complications of the diseases and the nutritional status of the measles patients may explain the different mortality of measles patients in Yogyakarta compared that in other places in Indonesia.Key words : measles - morbidity - mortality - case fatality rate - immunization
Child sexual abuse: clinical and psychological perspectives Etty Indriati, Etty Indriati
Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran) Vol 33, No 02 (2001)
Publisher : Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran)

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Abstract

This article reviews the clinical and psychological effects of children who suffer sexual abuse. Child sexual abuse (CSA) is a forced sexual behavior toward a child, either from the opposite or same sex. The types of child sexual abuse include exhibitionism, vouyerism, kissing, fondling, fellatio and cunnilingus, sexual intercourse, and pornography. The psychological effects of child sexual abuse often last a long time, in the form of anger, anxiety, nightmares, insecure, confused, scared, sad, and behavioral change from good to bad. The clinical effects of child sexual abuse ranges from bleeding in the genital and anus, fissure on anus, enlargement of vaginal and anal openings, and thinning/damaged of the hymen in the vagina. The Indonesian law no. 290 mentions that sexual offender or perpetrator is to be jailed for at most 7 years. It is hoped this review can be used as a general reference for clinicians in obstetrics and gynecology as well as pediatrics, in diagnosing child sexual abuse. This diagnosis is important for helping the abused child to recover and as medical records for law enforcement.Keywords: child sexual abuse, clinical effects, psychological effects
Forensic Odontoiogy as one of identification methods for unknown victim body Sara Afari Gadro, Sara Afari Gadro
Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran) Vol 31, No 03 (1999)
Publisher : Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran)

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Abstract

Various etiologies, especially those are severe in quality, can result in an unidentified victim. In certain conditions, such as in a severe combusted, destructed or fragmented victim, or a skleton as the remmant of a victim forensic odontology has a very essentil role. The teeth are suitable identification materials due to their extreme individual characteristics and their resistance againts many destructing agents. The most important characteristics of the teeth to be used in forensic odontology are among others the anatomical structure, the occlusion, the eruption, the morphology, wear and tear. Antemortem data of the victims teeth is imperative in applicating forensic odontology for victim identification at individual level. If no antemortem teeth data is available, postmortem reconstruction may direct the investigation eventhough not up to individual level. The establishment of dental record is, therefore, very important for people who have life threatehing risk.Key words : teeth - forensic odontology - unknown victim body - identification method - dental record
Comparison of tracheal intubation conditions after 45 seconds, 60 seconds rocuronium and succinylcholine treatments in elective surgery Muhdar Abubakar, Muhdar Abubakar
Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran) Vol 30, No 02 (1998)
Publisher : Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran)

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Abstract

The tracheal intubating conditions of rocuronium and succinylcholine under balanced anasthesik with midazolam, fentanyl, penthotal, nitrous oxide, oxigen and halothane were studied in 38 patients undergoing elective surgery. Patients were given either 0.6 mg/kg rocuronium or 1 mg/kg succinylcholine intravenously. forty five seconds after the administralon of rocuronium, or 60 seconds after the administration of rocuronium or succinylcholine, the trachea was intubated and the intubating conditions were scored by blinded assessor. Intubating conditions were the same between the rocuronium and succinylcholine group. (p = 0.18) The hemodynamic effect were the same among the three groups. The result showed that all patients with 0.6 mg/kg rocuronium could be Intubated within 45 seconds as well as 60 seconds; however, those intubated within 60 seconds were similar to those with 1 mg/kg sucdnylcholin.Key words: intubating conditions - rocuronium - succinylcholine - tracheal intubation - hemodynamic effect
The effectiveness of piper betel solution and combination of sodium hypochlorite and hydrogen peroxide in root canal irrigation for endodontic treatment: A scanning electron microscope study. Etty Indriati, Etty Indriati
Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran) Vol 35, No 2 (2003)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

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Abstract

Background: Root canal irrigation is a step needed in endodontic treatment, after extirpation of dental nerves, to clean the debris in the root canal in infected tooth pulp. The cleaned root canal was then filled with synthetic nerves and thus allowed the tooth crown to be preserved and function normally in the oral cavity.Objective: This study was aimed to compare the effectiveness of piper betel solution with the combination of sodium hypochlorite and hydrogen peroxide as irrigation material in dental root canal treatment. Material and Method: The material of study consisted of 6 upper incisors that were sectioned longitudinally into 12 parts. This study used in vitro method, by applying standard root canal treatment: preparation, extirpation, and irrigation of the root canal of incisor teeth. After irrigation (one group of teeth used piper betel solution; and the other group used combination of sodium hypochlorite and hydrogen peroxide), the tooth was longitudinally cut becoming mesial and distal parts. These parts were examined under scanning electron microscope with 500 magnification, and photographed using electron micrograph on the apical, middle, and coronal sections. The amount of debris was calculated (pm2) in each of those sections.Results: Irrigation using piper betel solution showed less amount of debris (n = 12, mean = 565 pm2) in the root canal, compared to combination of sodium hypochlorite and hydrogen peroxide (n = 12, mean =703,um2). However, the t test statistical analysis showed no significant difference between the two.Conclusion: Because of the toxicity of combination of sodium hypochlorite and hydrogen peroxide, no significant difference in irrigation material for root canal treatment, and the cleaner effect of piper betel solution, I suggest piper betel solution to be used widely as irrigant in endodontic treatment.Key words: root canal, piper betel, sodium hypochlorite, hydrogen peroxide, incisor teeth
The effect of extract andropogon zizanioides urban roots as a repelent to Aedes Aegypti mosquito Mahardika Agus Wijayanti, Mahardika Agus Wijayanti
Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran) Vol 29, No 03 (1997)
Publisher : Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran)

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Abstract

Dengue haemorrhagic fever (DHF) is one of the viral infections transmitted by mosquitoes that still remains a health problem in Indonesia. Attempts to overcome this disease through experimental studies, in order to get rapid and right diagnosis, specific treatment and vaccine development have not been satisfactory. The main vector of DHF are Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus mosquito. Self protection againts mosquito bites could be done by using repelent. Lorosetu (Andropogon zizanioides urban) is a plant belonging to one family of fragrant grass, usually used as a soap fragrance or supplementary medication. Its root is commonly used to chase insect In the wardrobe. The aim of this study was to Investigate the effect of A. zizanioides Urban extract as a repelent to A. aegypti mosquito in the laboratory. In this study, time series observation using various concentration of extract A. zizanioides Urban as a repelent to A. aegypti was done. The result analized by Spit-plot and T-test showed that 25% extract of A. zizanioides Urban roots has the effect as a repelent within one hour, while the 50% and 100% concentration have the effect within two hours.Key words: Dengue Haemorrhagic Fever - Aedes aegypti - root extract - Andropogon zizanioides Urban root - repellent
Clto open heart as operative treatment of foreign body In the left ventricle removal M. Rosadi Seswandhana, M. Rosadi Seswandhana
Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran) Vol 35, No 2 (2003)
Publisher : Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran)

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Abstract

Foreign body in the left ventricle is rare and it is associated most commonly with significant trauma. The diagnosis of a foreign body in the left ventricle can be difficult. One must distinguish between foreign matter in the cardiac chamber or free-floating in the mediastinum. Our case was male, 38 years old. He presented not only with typical complaints of chest pain and dyspnea, but also with the complaint of a "foreign body" in the right of his chest after a work accident. Physical examination and serial chest X-rays on the earlier survey showed right hemothorax and foreign body appearance on the back wall of the heart. Insertion of chest tube with water sealed drainage was done as a primary treatment. On the echocardiography and fluoroscopy examination, we found foreign body appearance in the left ventricle. To prevent myocarditis, either sterile or non-sterile, with potential for other significant complications, removal of an intraventricle foreign body is always indicated. Cito open heart with heart-lung machine was performed to extract the foreign body. There was no complication after 7 month evaluation.Key words: Foreign body removal - In the left ventricle - Work accident - Cito open heart
Diagnosis dan Kelasifikasi Diabetes Mellitus Ahmad H. Asdie, Ahmad H. Asdie
Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran) Vol 20, No 02 (1988)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

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Abstract

This paper presented the main recommendations for the definition and classification.of diabetes mellitus and of impaired glucose intolerance in non-pregnant adults.Diabetes mellitus is not a disease in the classical sense but is more probably a syndrome best characterized as a state of chronic hyperglycemia of various etiology. It may present with acute symptoms that include polyuria, polydipsia and unexplained weight loss and these can progress to life threatening ketoacidosis or hyperosmolar coma. Chronic hyperglycemia may be asymptomatic, but it has long been recognized as a predisposing factor for specific microvascular complications, namely neuropathy, retinopathy and nephropachy.Blood glucose concentration is the most common, variable used to define diabetes mellitus, but the increased blood glucose is not the sole pathological manifestation, nor has it been proved beyond doubt to be first in the pathological sequence. The limit between physiological and pathological values of blood glucose concentration is still debatable. An area of particular difficulty is the evaluation of situation that are near the physiological limit.New criteria for the diagnosis of diabetes mellitus and other catagories of glucose intolerance have been developed by National Diabetes Data Group (1979) and these have been endorsed by World Health Organization in 1980 and revised in 1985.Key Words: diabetes mellitus — target screening — chronic hyperglycemia — glucose intolerance -- hyperosmolar coma
Phagocytic activity of immunized-mouse peritoneal macrophages during Plasmodium berghei infection Mahardika Agus Wijayanti, Mahardika Agus Wijayanti
Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran) Vol 31, No 04 (1999)
Publisher : Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran)

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Abstract

Background: Macrophage represents one of the cellular component of the immune system which plays an important role during malarial infection. Both the number and functional activities including phagocyte activity of these cells increase during the infection.Objectives: This study was carried out to investigate the phagocyte activity of peritoneal macrophages from immunized and non-immunized mice during P. berghei infection.Methods: Swiss mice were divided into two groups, one experimental group was immunized by crude vaccine P. berghei, one control group was not immunized. Phagocyte activity was measured by the ability of mouse peritoneal macrophages to phagocytes latex particles in vitro.Results: In non-immunized mice the percentage of macrophages which were phagocyte latex particles was increased during early infection, reached a peak of about 9 times of the normal level then declined until the mice died. In the immunized mice this activity was increased to reach a peak of about 11 times of the normal level and remained high until recovery.Conclusion: Phagocyte activity of immunized-mice peritoneal macrophages was significantly higher than those of non immunized. The increase of the phagocyte activity seemed to be correlated with the ability of mice to overcome the infection.Key words : Immunization - P. berghei - Effector cells - Macrophages - Phagocytosis

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