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Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa Inggris
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Articles 337 Documents
Search results for , issue "Vol 1, No 1 (2013)" : 337 Documents clear
AN EVALUATION STUDY OF THE IMPLEMENTATION OF SCIENTIFIC APPROACH IN THE ENGLISH INSTRUCTION BASED ON CURRICULUM 2013 IN SMA NEGERI 2 SINGARAJA IN ACADEMIC YEAR 2014/2015 ., Ni Wayan Cintya Prayogi; ., Drs.Gede Batan,MA; ., I Putu Ngurah Wage M, S.Pd.
Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa Inggris undiksha Vol 1, No 1 (2013): May
Publisher : Universitas Pendidikan Ganesha

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23887/jpbi.v1i1.6135

Abstract

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk: (1) mengevaluasi pengimplementasian pendekatan ilmiah (scientific approach) dalam pembelajaran bahasa inggris berdasarkan kurrikulum 2013 di SMA Negeri 2 Singaraja, (2) untuk mengetahui masalah yang dihadapi oleh guru selama pengimplementasian pendekatan ilmiah dalam pembelajaran bahasa inggris berdasarkan kurrikulum 2013 di SMA Negeri 2 Singaraja. Subjek dari penelitian ini adalah guru bahasa inggris yang mengajar di kelas X dan XI di SMA N 2 Singaraja. Penelitian ini termasuk penelitian eveluatif dengan menggunakan model diskrepensi (Discrepancy model). Penelitian ini membandingkan antara pengimplementasian pendekatan ilmiah (scientific approach) dengan standar kurikulum 2013. Dalam penelitian ini menggunakan teknik observasi dengan menggunakan scoring rubric dan interview. Data berupa skor dari observasi dan dicari persentase dari masing-masing guru dan transkip interview. Hasil analisis menunjukan bahwa pnegimplementasian pendekatan ilmiah (scientific approach) di SMA N 2 Singaraja tidak sesuai dengan standar kurikulum 2013 dan guru-guru mengalami kesulitan pada langkah menanya dan mengkomunikasikan hasil dalam pengimplementasian pendekatan ilmiah.Kata Kunci : Pendekatan Ilmiah, Pembelajaran Bahasa Inggris, deskripensi The study was aimed to (1) evaluate the implementation of scientific approach in the English instruction based on Curriculum 2013 in SMA Negeri 2 Singaraja, (2) find out the problems encountered during the implementation of scientific approach in the English instruction based on Curriculum 2013 in SMA Negeri 2 Singaraja. The subject of this study was two English teachers of X and XI grade in SMA N 2 Singaraja. This study belongs to evaluative study using discrepancy model. This study compared between the implementation of scientific approach in SMA N 2 Singaraja with the standard based on Curriculum 2013. The techniques for collecting data were observation using scoring rubric and interview. The result of the analysis of scoring rubric was converted into percentage. In conclusion, the result of evaluation of the implementation of scientific approach in teaching English of SMA Negeri 2 Singaraja was not relevant with the standard of Curriculum 2013. There are some missing points in every step when the teachers teach using this approach such as in the questioning and communicating step and the teachers’ problems in implementing scientific approach were in the questioning and communicating step and also the strategy or the technique that was used by the teachers and the limited of media to deliver the material.keyword : Scientific Approach, English instruction, discrepancy
An Analysis of Gesture Used by English teacher in English Teaching and Learning Activity of the Eight Grade Students of SMP N 2 Sawan in Academic year 2015/2016 ., I Kadek Supriawan Adinatha; ., Prof. Dr.I Nyoman Adi Jaya Putra, MA; ., Ni Wayan Surya Mahayanti, S.Pd, M.Pd
Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa Inggris undiksha Vol 1, No 1 (2013)
Publisher : Universitas Pendidikan Ganesha

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23887/jpbi.v1i1.6137

Abstract

Abstrak Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui jenis-jenis gerakan dan fungsi gerakan tertentu dalam mengajar dan aktivitas belajar, terutama dalam tiga kegiatan domain, mereka adalah: kegiatan menyapa, kegiatan mengajar dan kegiatan Tanya jawab. Penelitian ini dilakukan di SMPN 2 Sawan. Penelitian ini adalah desain dengan menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif kualitatif dimana data yang terkumpul dianalisis secara kualitatif. Ada enam instrumen untuk mengumpulkan data, mereka adalah: catatan lapangan, kamera, checklist pengamatan, pedoman wawancara, handphone dan peralatan menulis. Peneliti melakukan penelitian ini sampai studi jenuh atau tidak ada perubahan dari gerakan yang digunakan oleh guru bahasa Inggris. Teori didukung oleh gerakan guru bahasa Inggris yang digunakan di dalam kelas maka peneliti juga ingin mengetahui jenis gerakan dalam tiga kegiatan dan fungsi gesture tertentu dalam tiga kegiatan. Kata Kunci : Kata kunci : gerakan dan aktivitas belajar mengajar Bahasa inggris Abstract This study was aimed at finding out the kinds of gestures and the functions of certain gestures in teaching and learning activity, especially in three domain activities, those were: greeting, delivering and asking & answering activities. This study was conducted at SMPN 2 Sawan. This study was design by using qualitative descriptive approach in which the data collected were analyzed qualitatively. There were six instrument to collect the data, those were: field notes, camera, observation checklist, guidance interview, hand phone and writing equipment. The researcher conducted this study until the study stuck or there was no change of the gesture used by English teacher. The data were transcribed and analyzed to find out the kinds of gestures and the function of certain gestures. Based on the theory from McNeil (2005) there were four types of gesture, and each types had kind gestures. The theory supported by English teacher gestures used in the classroom then the researcher also wanted to find out the kind of gesture in three activities and function of certain gesture in three activities. keyword : Keywords: Gesture, English teaching and learning activities
The Direction of Phonological Change from Pacung Dialect to Les Dialect : Descriptive Study ., I Putu Anjas Widya k; ., Dr. I Gede Budasi,M.Ed,Dip.App.Lin; ., I Putu Ngurah Wage M, S.Pd.
Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa Inggris undiksha Vol 1, No 1 (2013)
Publisher : Universitas Pendidikan Ganesha

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23887/jpbi.v1i1.6138

Abstract

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan arah perubahan bentuk bunyi dari Pacung dialek ke dialek Les, yang meliputi perubahan asimilasi, perubahan disimilasi, dan perubahan metatesis. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif. Tiga informan masing-masing dialek terpilih sebagai sampel informan dari penelitian ini. Dalam hal ini, satu sampel yang penting ditentukan sebagai informan utama dan dua lainnya ditentukan sebagai informan sekunder. Data yang diperoleh dikumpulkan berdasarkan tiga teknik, yaitu observasi, wordlist, dan panduan wawancara. Berdasarkan metode yang digunakan untuk mengumpulkan data diperoleh 669 kata dan hasil analisis data menunjukkan bahwa ada 62 kata-kata yang dikandung oleh perubahan asimilasi, 27 kata yang terdapat perubahan disimilasi, dan tidak ada kata yang berisi perubahan metatesis. Kata Kunci : fonologi, asimilasi, disimilasi, metatesis This study aimed at describing the direction of phonological change from Pacung dialect to Les dialect, which covered assimilation change, dissimilation change, and metathesis change. This research is a descriptive research. Three speakers of each dialect were selected as informant samples of this study. In this case, one important sample was determined as the main informant and the other two were determined as the secondary informants. The obtained data were collected based on three techniques, namely observation, word list, and interview guide. Based on the method that was used to collect the data 669 words were obtained as data of study. The results of the data analysis show that there are 62 words which contained assimilation change, 27 words contained dissimilation change. There is no word which contained metathesis change. keyword : phonology, assimilation, dissimilation, metathesis
THE IDENTIFICATION OF IDIOMS IN THE NATIVE ENGLISH SPEAKERS’ ARTICLES OF THE JAKARTA POST DATED FRIDAY JUNE 19, 2015 ., I Gede Bagus Oka Wisnaya; ., Drs. Asril Marjohan,MA; ., Nyoman Karina Wedhanti, S.Pd., M.Pd
Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa Inggris undiksha Vol 1, No 1 (2013)
Publisher : Universitas Pendidikan Ganesha

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23887/jpbi.v1i1.6139

Abstract

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis arti dan tipe dari idiom di artikel penutur asli bahasa Inggris di The Jakarta Post tanggal Jumat, 19 Juni 2015. Langkah yang digunakan dalam mendapatkan data adalah mengidentifikasi keberadaan idiom, mengumpulkan idiom, memeriksa arti idiom melalui Cambridge Online Dictionary dan mengidentifikasi jenis-jenis idiom menggunakan teori dari Makkai. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tidak ditemukannya Idiom of Encoding. Semua idiom yang ditemukan dari 25 artikel adalah Idiom of Decoding, 77 Lexemic Idiom, yang diantaranya 63 phrasal verb dan 14 phrasal compound dan 5 Sememic Idiom yang semuanya adalah proverb. Idiom-idiom tang ditemukan mengandung makna yang berbeda dari kata-kata yang menyusun idiom-idiom tersebutKata Kunci : idiom, artikel, The Jakarta Post The aim of this research was to identify the idiom meanings and types in the articles of the English native speakers in The Jakarta Post dated Friday June 19, 2015. The steps used to collect the data were identifying existence of idioms, collecting the idioms, checking the meanings from the Cambridge Online Dictionary and identifying the types of the idioms by using Makkai’s theory. The result showed that no Idiom of Encoding found. All of the idioms found in 25 articles were Idiom of Decoding, 77 Lexemic Idioms, in which were 63 phrasal verbs and 14 phrasal compounds and 5 Sememic Idioms which all 5 idioms were proverbs. The idioms found had different meanings from the words constructing the idiomskeyword : idioms, article, The Jakarta Post
A DESCRIPTIVE ANALYSIS OF ARGUMENTATIVE DISCOURSE PERFORMED BY DEBATERS IN ENGLISH EDUCATION DEPARTMENT ENGLISH DEBATING CHAMPIONSHIP 2014 ., Ria Rarasati; ., Prof. Dr. Ni Nyoman Padmadewi,MA; ., I Nyoman Pasek Hadi Saputra, S.Pd., M.Pd
Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa Inggris undiksha Vol 1, No 1 (2013): May
Publisher : Universitas Pendidikan Ganesha

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23887/jpbi.v1i1.6140

Abstract

This study attempted to analyze the structure of arguments produced by debaters in debating using Asian Parliamentary System performed by debaters in English Education Department English Debating Championship 2014 and how the debaters fulfilled the elements of reasonable arguments. The data were collected through video recording and non-participatory observations, while the process of data analysis was done in accordance with van Eemeren’s structure of argumentative discourse (1984) and Toulmin’s elements of reasonable argument (1958). The subjects of this study were ten (10) debaters that performed in the competition. This research revealed that the subjects of this study showed the use of argumentative discourse as well as present reasonable arguments in their performances. The data collected were grouped and analyzed based on van Eemeren’s structure of argumentative discourse (1984) namely; confrontation, opening, argumentation, and concluding stage. Furthermore, the data were also analyzed by using Toulmin’s elements of reasonable argument (1958) which consists of Claim (C), Data (D), Warrant (W), Qualifier (Q), Backing (B), and Rebuttal (R). The result of the research showed that only six of ten debaters were able to fulfill the criteria of good argument based on van Eemeren and Toulmin’s theory. keyword : arguments, structure, reasonableness, debaters
Improving Reading Comprehension By Using Collaborative Strategic Reading (CSR) Strategy To The XI-IA Grade Students Of SMA N 1 Sukasada In Academic Year 2015/2016 ., I Made Mas Indra; ., Drs. Asril Marjohan,MA; ., Dewa Ayu Eka Agustini, S.Pd., M.S.
Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa Inggris undiksha Vol 1, No 1 (2013): May
Publisher : Universitas Pendidikan Ganesha

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23887/jpbi.v1i1.6141

Abstract

Penelitian tindakan kelas ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan pemahaman membaca dengan menggunakan strategi CSR pada kelas XI-IA di SMA N 1 Sukasada pada tahun ajaran 2015/2016. Penelitian ini dilakukan berdasarkan hasil pengamatan. Dari hasil pengamatan pemahaman siswa dalam membaca kurang memuaskan. Hal ini dibuktikan dari nilai rata-rata pre-test. Nilai yang diperoleh hanya 51 dan dikategorikan cukup. Temuan menunjukkan bahwa ada peningkatan berturut-turut pada nilai rata-rata siswa setelah diberikan pelatihan pada dua siklus. Pada siklus pertama, nilai rata-rata siswa yaitu 77 dan ini dikategorikan baik. Nilai rata-rata meningkat 26 poin dibandingkan hasil dari pre-test. Hasil nilai rata-rata siswa pada post-test 2 yaitu 84 dan dikategorikan sangat baik. Nilai ini meningkat 7 poin dibandingkan dengan nilai rata-rata dari post-test 1. Selain itu, penelitian ini berhasil karena siswa mampu memperoleh nilai standar kelulusan yang melebihi dari 78.Kata Kunci : Membaca, Pemahaman membaca, Strategi CSR This classroom action based research aimed to improve reading comprehension by using collaborative strategic reading (CSR) strategy to the XI-IA grade students of SMA N 1 Sukasada in academic year 2015/2016. This study was carried out based on the result of the observation. It revealed that the students’ comprehension in reading was unsatisfied. It was proved by the mean score of pre-test. It was only “51” and categorized “insufficient”. The findings showed that there were successive improvements on the students’ mean score after being given treatment in two cycles. In the post-test 1, the students’ mean score was “77” and it was categorized “good”. Comparing to the mean score of pre-test it increased 26 points. The students mean score in post-test 2 was “84” and it was categorized as “very good”. It increased 7 points compare to mean score of post-test 1. Moreover, this study was successful because the students obtained the standard passing score ≥ 78. keyword : Reading, Reading comprehension, CSR strategy
A STUDY OF GRAMMATICAL ERRORS COMMITTED BY THE ELEVENTH GRADE STUDENTS OF SMK NEGERI 3 DENPASAR IN RESERVATION PRACTICE IN ACADEMIC YEAR 2014/2015 ., Anak Agung Sagung Intan Yashira Dewi; ., Prof. Dr.I Nyoman Adi Jaya Putra, MA; ., Dr.Sudirman, M.L.S
Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa Inggris undiksha Vol 1, No 1 (2013)
Publisher : Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa Inggris undiksha

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Abstract

This research aim to: (1) describe kinds of grammatical errors that are most frequently committed by the eleventh grade students of SMK Negeri 3 Denpasar in reservation practice, and (2) explain the sources of errors made by the eleventh grade students of SMK Negeri 3 Denpasar in reservation practice. The subjects of this study were the eleventh grade students of Hotel Accommodation Program at SMK Negeri 3 Denpasar. This research was designed as qualitative descriptive research. This study used video camera, coding sheets, questionnaire, and interview guide as the instruments in collecting data. After the data were collected, the data were transcribed, classified and analyzed, counted, and then the results were described. This study used Abisamra’s and Sawalmeh’s theory to know the types of grammatical errors that commonly made by EFL learners in learning English. The results of this study show that the eleventh grade students of SMK Negeri 3 Denpasar committed eight types of grammatical errors in reservation practice. These errors were verb error, noun error, adjective error, article error, pronoun error, preposition error, sentence fragment error, and word order error. There were 344 errors among 30 students were found and verb error as the most frequently errors committed by the students in reservation practice. The sources of errors were found based on Brown’s theory such as interlingual transfer, intralingual transfer, context of learning, and communication strategies. Interlingual transfer as the highest reason the students committed errors. It was because the students were interfered by the rules of their native language when they speaking in English. keyword : Grammatical Errors, Reservation Practice
Developing Culture-based English E-media to Support the Implementation of Curriculum 2013 for the First Semester of Grade VII of Junior High School in Buleleng Sub District ., Ni Luh Putu Maya Apsari; ., Drs.Gede Batan,MA; ., Ni Wayan Surya Mahayanti, S.Pd, M.Pd
Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa Inggris undiksha Vol 1, No 1 (2013): May
Publisher : Universitas Pendidikan Ganesha

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23887/jpbi.v1i1.6151

Abstract

Desain dan pengembangan penelitian ini bertujuan untuk merancang dan mengembangkan elektronik media bahasa inggris berbasis budaya local Bali untuk mendukung pelaksanaan kurikulum 2013 untuk semester pertama kelas VII SMP di kecamatan Bulelelng. Penelitian ini difokuskan pada pengembangan e-media yang terintegrasi dengan budaya Bali. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah elektronik media bahasa inggris berbasis budaya Bali yang dikembangkan dengan menggunakan program Adobe Flash CS6. Sumber data diambil dari kebutuhan analisis yang dilakukan oleh Dewi dan Batan (2015), literatur terkait pada pengembangan e-media, dan hasil penilaian ahli. Data dianalisis secara deskriptif kualitatif dan kuantitatif. Penelitian ini dirancang berdasarkan Peffers, dkk (2007) yang terdiri dari enam fase yaitu:. (1) mengidentifikasi masalah, (2) menjelaskan tujuan, (3) merancang dan mengembangkan produk, ( 4) pengujian produk dengan menggunakan penilaian ahli, (5) mengevaluasi hasil pengujian, dan (6) mengkomunikasikan hasil pengujian. Hasil skor penilaian ahli 'menunjukkan bahwa total berarti skor 3,8 yang berarti e-media memiliki kualitas yang baik dan dapat digunakan dalam proses belajar mengajar bahasa Inggris untuk semester pertama kelas VII SMP di Buleleng.Kata Kunci : elektronik media, berbasis budaya, budaya Bali This design and development research aimed at designing and developing a culture-based English e-media to support the implementation of curriculum 2013 for the first semester of grade VII of junior high schools in Buleleng sub-district. This research focused on developing e-media that is integrated with Balinese culture. The object of this reseach was culture-based English e-media that was developed by using Adobe Flash CS6 program. The source of data was taken from the need analisys conducted by Dewi and Batan (2015), related literatures on developing the e-media, and the result of expert judgement. The data were analyzed descriptively both qualitatively and quantitatively. This research was designed based on the adaptation of peffers et al.’s model (2007) that consisted of six phases namely: (1) identifying the proble, (2) describing the objective, (3) designing and developing the product, (4) testing the product by using expert judgement, (5) evaluating the testing result, and (6) communicating the testing result. The result of experts’ judgement score showed that the total mean score 3.8 which means the e-media had a good quality and it can be used in teaching and learning English for the second semester of grade VII of junior high schools in Buleleng.keyword : E-media, Culture-based, Balinese culture
An Analysis of Intructional Planning Made by English Teacher of Eighth Grade Students at SMP Negeri 1 Ubud in the Implementation of Curriculum 2013 ., Dwi Kadek Heryana; ., Drs.Gede Batan,MA; ., I Nyoman Pasek Hadi Saputra, S.Pd., M.Pd
Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa Inggris undiksha Vol 1, No 1 (2013): May
Publisher : Universitas Pendidikan Ganesha

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23887/jpbi.v1i1.6154

Abstract

The curriculum reform in Indonesia gave a significant effect on the education system. Curriculum 2013 was the latest curriculum which implemented in most school in Indonesia. This curriculum required the teacher use the teaching and learning approach which stated in the curriculum itself. It was scientific approach which was becoming the approach in teaching, especially in teaching English. The recent study was aimed at finding out how relevant are the instructional planning made by English teacher of eighth grade students of SMP Negeri 1 Ubud in the implementation of Curriculum 2013, and what problems the teacher encountered in planning the instruction. This research found out that the instructional planning was relevant which gathered 96.4% percentage of the completeness of the components and the format. But, there was no relevancy of the teaching and learning activity with the learning methods used in scientific approach which include Discovery learning, Project-based learning, and Problem-based learning. Moreover, there were some problems encountered by the teacher in planning the instruction in teaching English. The problems were the teacher difficult to select and arrange the activity in scientific approach and the teacher difficult to create the assessment instrument. The findings of this research will be significantly contributed in determining whether or not the curriculum 2013 implemented regarding the current issues of the curriculum 2013 implementation problems. The result of this study will bring out some significant contributions on the development of the Indonesian education in general, the instructional planning in regard to the curriculum 2013 in particular. keyword : education, curriculum 2013, instructional planning, scientific approach
AN ANALYSIS OF LEXICO GRAMMATICAL ERRORS COMMITTED BY THE TENTH GRADE STUDENTS OF SMA N 2 SINGARAJA IN ENGLISH WRITING ., Komang Adi Wiradnyana; ., Drs. I Wayan Suarnajaya,MA., Ph.D.; ., Made Hery Santoso, S.Pd, M.Pd.
Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa Inggris undiksha Vol 1, No 1 (2013): May
Publisher : Universitas Pendidikan Ganesha

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23887/jpbi.v1i1.6155

Abstract

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kesalahan Lexico-grammar yang dilakukan oleh siswa kelas X di SMA N 2 Singaraja pada tahun ajaran 2014/2015 dalam menulis teks deskriptif. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa terdapat dua kategori dari kesalahan yang ditemukan dalam tulisan siswa. Kategori pertama disebut kesalahan leksikal, total kesalahan yang ditemukan adalah 101 kesalahan yang meliputi kesalahan ejaan, tanda baca dan kesalahan diksi. Sementara jumlah total kategori kedua yaitu dalam bentuk kesalahan tata bahasa adalah 268 kesalahan meliputi kesalahan kesesuaian subjek dan kata kerja, kesalahan artikel, kesalahan kata kerja, kesalahan tunggal/jamak, kesalahan preposisi, kesalahan kata hubung, kesalahan kata benda, dan kesalahan kata sifat. Ditemukan juga terdapat 2 sumber kesalahan siswa, disebut interlingual transfer dan intralingual transfer. Jadi, siswa di SMA N 2 Singaraja terutama siswa kelas X melakukan banyak kesalahan dalam komposisi penulisan pada teks deskriptif. Temuna dari kesalahan siswa terdapat pada kesalahan tata bahasa terutama dalam kesalahan kata kerja dan kesalahan leksikal dalam bentuk kesalahan ejaan. Implikasi untuk pengajaran bahasa adalah bahwa pengajar memberikan perhatian lebih pada bagaimana mengajar bahasa Inggris terutama dalam bentuk leksikal dan tata bahasa yang dihadapi siswa dalam belajar bahasa Inggris. Kata Kunci : Penyebab kesalahan, Teks deskriptif, Kesalahan lexico-grammar This study aimed at analyzing the lexico-grammatical errors committed by the tenth grade students of SMA N 2 Singaraja in academic year 2014/2015 in writing descriptive text. The result of analysis showed that there were two categories of error found in the students’ writing. The first category of errors was lexical error, and the total number of the errors found was 101 errors which covered spelling error, punctuation error and diction error. Meanwhile the total number of the second category, which was in the form of grammatical error was 268 errors, including subject verb agreement error, article error, verb error, singular/plural error, preposition error, conjunction error, noun error, and adjective error. It was also found that there were 2 dominant sources of students' errors, namely interlingual transfer and intralingual transfer. So, the students of SMA N 2 Singaraja, especially the tenth grade students, committed many errors in their writing compositions on descriptive text. The findings from the students’ errors were related to grammatical construction, especially in terms of verb error and lexical errors in the form of spelling error. The implication for language teaching is that the teacher gives more attention to how teach English especially in the form of lexical and grammatical structure that faced by the students in learning English.keyword : Causes of error, Descriptive text, Lexico-grammatical error