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Alchemy : Journal of Chemistry
Published by Universitas Islam Negeri Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang
ISSN : 20861710     EISSN : 24606871     DOI : http://dx.doi.org/10.18860/al
Core Subject : Science, Engineering,
Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Energy Materials Science & Nanotechnology
ALCHEMY: Journal of Chemistry (eISSN 2460-6871) is a scientific journal that focus on chemistry. This journal publishes a scientific article that cover research and review articles. Research topics for this journal such as natural science, physical chemistry, inorganic chemistry, organic chemistry, environment, biochemistry, marine, energy and other related-sciences. ALCHEMY: Journal of Chemistry also accepts article about halal products and chemistry on Islamic perspectives.
Arjuna Subject : Kimia(semua kategori) - Kimia (Lain-Lain)
Articles 194 Documents
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STUDI ADSORPSI LOGAM Pb(II) DAN Cd(II) PADA ASAM HUMAT DALAM MEDIUM AIR Rahmawati, Atik; Santoso, Sri Juari
ALCHEMY ALCHEMY (Vol.2 No.1
Publisher : Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology UIN Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (373.382 KB) | DOI: 10.18860/al.v0i0.2296

Abstract

It had been conducted a study on adsorption of Cd (II) and Pb (II) of humic acid isolated from peat soil from village of Sambutan, the subdistrict of Samarinda Ilir, East Kalimantan. Aspects studied covered adsorption kinetics and adsorption isotherm of Cd (II) and Pb (II) of humic acid in water medium.Adsorption process carried out by batch method. Kinetics study conducted by intracting metal adsorption of Cd (II) and Pb (II) with humic acid at various times, meanwhile studying the adsorption isotherm is done by interacting Cd (II) and Pb (II) at various concentrations with humic acid.The results showed the adsorption rate of Cd (II) and Pb (II) on humic acid followed first order with rate constants of Cd (II) and Pb (II) of 0.0012 and 0.0038 mg menit-1/10 humic acid. Carboxylic groups of humic acid as the main groups which were actively involved in the interaction of metal-humic acid and have experienced deprotonation is  hard nucleophile. It made Pb (II) was more quickly and easily adsorbed than Cd (II). Adsorption isotherm of Cd (II) and Pb (II) on humic acid followed the pattern of Langmuir isotherm with adsorption capacities of Pb (II) of 1.66 x10-3 mol / g and for Cd (II) 3.83 x10-3 mol / g . The adsorption energy of both metals is relatively small that is equal to 16.1 for Cd(II) and 21.4 kJ / mol for Pb(II).
KINETIKA REAKSI ENZIMATIS EKSTRAK KASAR ENZIM SELULASE BAKTERI SELULOLITIK HASIL ISOLASI DARI BEKATUL Saropah, Dyah Ayu; Jannah, Akyunul; Maunatin, Anik
ALCHEMY ALCHEMY (Vol.2 No.1
Publisher : Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology UIN Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (350.138 KB) | DOI: 10.18860/al.v0i0.2297

Abstract

Bran rice is a by-product of rice into rice milling process, the cellulose content of 40-60%, so the potential as a carbon source for the growth of microorganisms such as bacteria to produce enzymes particularly cellulolytic bacteria. The purpose of the study was to determine the diversity of the characters from the cellulolytic bacterial isolates and optimum conditions enzyme (cellulase enzymes rough) so that they can hydrolyze the cellulose to glucose with either rice bran. The characterization includes the determination of pH, temperature and time of optimum crude extract of bacterial cellulolytic enzyme cellulase, determination of Vmax and Km and molecular mass determination of cellulase.Research methods include making media, regeneration of isolates, bacterial growth curve manufacturing, production of cellulase enzymes from bacterial cellulolytic rough at the optimum conditions, the kinetics of enzymatic reaction: substrate concentration factor of the reaction rate (with variation of the concentration of 0.50%, 0.75%, 1 , 00%, 1.25% and 1.50% (w / v)) followed by calculating the Vmax and Km.The results showed that the enzyme cellulase of cellulolytic bacteria isolated from rice bran result that has optimum conditions at pH 7.5, temperature 50 ° C, 40 min incubation time to produce Vmax 0.0086 units / mL and Km 1.694%.
UJI POTENSI PROBIOTIK Lactobacillus plantarium SECARA IN-VITRO Maunatin, Anik; Khanifa, Khanifa
ALCHEMY ALCHEMY (Vol.2 No.1
Publisher : Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology UIN Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (307.905 KB) | DOI: 10.18860/al.v0i0.2298

Abstract

Probiotic is a product containing non-pathogenic microbes live, which was given to animals or humans to fix the rate of growth, efficiency, and increase conversion ration of animal or human health by affecting positively the balance of the gut microbes and microbial pathogen control in the digestive tract. In order to potentially lactic acid bacteria as probiotic candidates must pass the test selection among others such as probiotic test resistance to acid pH, the bile salts, against pathogenic bacteria. This experimental research methods for descriptive use that aim to provide information about the probiotic potential  of Lactobacillus plantarum was isolated from the small intestine Mojosari duck (Anasplathyrinchos) with the tests in vitro i.e. the resistance of Lactobacillus plantarum on the condition of the acidicpH (2, 3, and 4), bile salt concentration of 0.3% (b/v), inhibition of pathogenic bacteria (Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella typhi) The results showed that on pH 2 the number of cells of bacteria that lives was 4.3. 107 CFU/ml, pH 3 was  3.8. 109 CFU/ml and pH 4 was 2.7. 1010 CFU/ml, the resistance of Lactobacillus plantarum on bile salt showed the number of cells of bacteria that lives was 1.2. 109 CFU/ml.inhibition of the pathogenic bacteria showed thatLactobacillus plantarumcould inhibited strong on Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus with diameter of zone was 12.7 mm and 13.3 mm but notSalmonellatyphi with diameter of zone was 9.3 mm.
DETERMINASI KADAR LOGAM TIMBAL (Pb) DALAM MAKANAN KALENG MENGGUNAKAN DESTRUKSI BASAH DAN DESTRUKSI KERING Dewi, Diana Candra
ALCHEMY ALCHEMY (Vol.2 No.1
Publisher : Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology UIN Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (469.164 KB) | DOI: 10.18860/al.v0i0.2299

Abstract

Lead (Pb) is pollutant found in canned foods. It is derived from the soldering between the can and the lid. This study aims to find out the analytical performance of standar curves , the better method between dry ashing dan wet ashing,  the best oxidant solution in wet ashing ang determine lead in canned sausage and canned lychee.This research including : Performance determination of the standard addition curve analysis includes linearity, limits of detection and limits of quantitation, sensitivity, accuracy and precision, sample destruction  using dry ash 500 oC and wet destruction with a variety of oxidizing subtrace such as HNO3 p.a; HNO3 p.a, H2SO4 p.a (3:1), and HNO3 p.a, H2SO4 p.a, H2O2 p.a (6:2:1), and determine  the concentration of lead  in canned sausage and canned lycheeThe results of this research of the standard curve analysis of lead (Pb) are  r =0,9999, LOD 0,028 ppm, LOQ 0,0933 ppm, and sensitivity of 0,00757 the average accuracy of 98%, and precision 2,74%. Wet ashing is more stabil than dry ashing. The best oxidizing substance of canned sausage comes from HNO3, H2SO4 and H2O2 (6:2:1) and lead was found 0,64 ppm whilebest oxidizing substance of canned lychee comes from HNO3, H2SO4 (3:1) and lead was found 0,72 ppm.
ISOLASI ASAM-9Z,12Z,15Z-OKTADEKATRIENOAT DARI BIJI SELASIH (Ocimum basilicum) Fasya, Ahmad Ghanaim; Retnowati, Rurini; Rahman, M.; Duengo, Suleman; Warsito, Warsito
ALCHEMY ALCHEMY (Vol.2 No.1
Publisher : Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology UIN Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (783.743 KB) | DOI: 10.18860/al.v0i0.2300

Abstract

The α-linolenic acid (9,12,15-octadecatrieonic acid) is omega-3 fatty acid that more active than other fatty acids to inhibit cell membrane damages, formation and growth of brain functions, antiinflamatory and prevent several cronic deseases like lung desease and arthrytis. Some research explain that geometri of omega-3 fatty acids had effect on its bioactivity. This research purpose was to isolate α-linolenic acid with geometry Z,Z,Z (9Z,12Z,15Z-oktadekatrienoat).O. basilicum seeds oil was isolated from O. basilicum seeds using Soxhlet extraction with n-hexane, then hidrolized by 12 % solution of KOH in aquadest. The α-linolenic acid was separated from other fatty acids by urea inclusion methods. The optimum condition of urea inclusion was determined in various temperature     (+ 5, + 3, + 1, + (-1), + (-3), + (-5))0C and ratio of fatty acid : urea 1:1; 1:1,5; 1:2; 1:2,5; 1:3; 1:3,5; 1:4.From this research, extraction of O. basilicum seeds oil with n-hexane as solvent resulted clear yellow-brown oil with refractive indeks 1,466 and density 0,855 g/mL. Gas Chromatography (GC) analysis of fatty acids hidrolyzed from   O. basilicum oil showed peak at tR= 19,949 minutes with relative percentage 70,72 %. Base on Mass Spectrum (MS), the fragmentation of this compound, with  tR= 19,949 minutes, was identic with 9Z,12Z,15Z-oktadecatrienoic acid.Isolation of α-linolenic acid from other fatty acids using urea inclusion at temperature 0-2 0C dan rasio fatty acid: urea 1:1,5 showed nonadduct fraction contains compound with tR= 19,980 minutes and relative percentage 88,51 %. Base on Mass Spectrum (MS), the fragmentation of this compound, with tR= 19,980 minutes, was identic with 9Z,12Z,15Z-oktadecatrienoic acid.
Antioxidant Activity of Flavonoid from Rhizome Kaemferia galanga L. Extract Hayati, Elok Kamilah; Ningsih, Rachmawati; Latifah, Latifah
ALCHEMY ALCHEMY (Vol. 4, No.2
Publisher : Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology UIN Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (320.957 KB) | DOI: 10.18860/al.v4i2.3203

Abstract

Kaemferia galanga L. rhizome is a traditional crop which is widely used for herbal medicine.  This research is started from the extraction of maceration using ethanol 80% and partition with chloroform:water. 80 % ethanol extract and chloroform fraction tested antioxidant activity with DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl), phytochemicals with reagents, separation of the active compound by TLC (thin layer chromatography) analytical and preparative TLC, the identification of compounds with sliding reagent using UV-Vis. The test results on the antioxidant activity of 80% ethanol extract of 64,93% (100 ppm) and chloroform fraction of 54,9 % (100 ppm) with indigo IC50 of 13,07 mg/mL and 81,9 mg mL. 80 % ethanol extract and chloroform fraction has potential as a source of natural antioxidants. Phytochemical test showed 80% ethanol extract contains flavonoids, alkaloids and tannins. At the chloroform fraction extract containing flavonoids. The separation of the active compounds with analytical TLC using eluent PE: ethyl acetate (5: 1) resulted in 7 stain (Rf 0,06 to 0,96) and preparative TLC produce 8 spots (Rf from 0,19 to 0,83). Results from UV-Vis spectrum can be presumed that such a class of flavonoid compounds flavanones or dihidroflavonol. It can be seen from the wavelength range 210-285 nm in the bands I and 300-550 nm in band II. The addition of the reagent slide showed the presence of hydroxyl groups in ring A, B and C and O-hydroxy on ring A. Keywords: antioxidant activity, Kaemferia galanga rizhome, sliding reagent, Thin Layer Chromatography, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl 
UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIOKSIDAN TERHADAP DPPH DAN IDENTIFIKASI GOLONGAN SENYAWA AKTIF EKSTRAK KASAR MIKROALGA Chlorella sp. HASIL KULTIVASI DALAM MEDIUM EKSTRAK TAUGE Bariyyah, Siti Khairul; Hanapi, Ahmad; Fasya, Ahmad Ghanaim; Abidin, Munirul
ALCHEMY ALCHEMY (Vol.2, No.3
Publisher : Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology UIN Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (501.893 KB) | DOI: 10.18860/al.v0i0.2890

Abstract

Chlorella sp. merupakan salah satu tumbuhan tingkat rendah yang mempunyai potensi untuk dimanfaatkan, sebagaimana Firman Allah Swt. dalam al-Quran surat asy Syu’ara ayat 7. Chlorella sp. termasuk dalam spesies mikroalga dari kelompok Chlorophyta yang mengandung senyawa yang berpotensi sebagai antioksidan seperti flavonoid, tanin, senyawa fenolik, terpenoid, klorofil dan karotenoid. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui potensi aktivitas antioksidan dan golongan senyawa aktif dari Chlorella sp. yang ditumbuhkan dalam Medium Ekstrak Tauge (MET).Chlorella sp. dikultivasi dalam MET 4 % dan pemanenan dilakukan pada hari ke-10. Ekstraksi Chlorella sp. dilakukan dengan metode maserasi menggunakan dua variasi pelarut yaitu metanol dan etil asetat. Aktivitas antioksidan ekstrak kasar Chlorella sp. dilakukan dengan uji DPPH secara spektrofotometri sinar tampak. Identifikasi golongan senyawa aktif dilakukan dengan menggunakan uji reagen secara kualitatif yang meliputi alkaloid, flavonoid, steroid, triterpenoid, tanin, dan asam askorbat.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kerapatan sel tertinggi (4,6 x 105 sel/mL) saat kultivasi Chlorella sp. dalam MET terjadi pada hari ke-10. Rendemen dari ekstrak metanol dan ekstrak etil asetat Chlorellasp. berturut-turut adalah 7,001 % dan 3,673 %. Ekstrak metanol Chlorella sp. mempunyai aktivitas antioksidan yang kuat dengan nilai EC50 sebesar 18,610 ppm, begitu juga dengan ekstrak etil asetat yang mempuyai nilai EC50 sebesar 27,320 ppm. Hasil identifikasi golongan senyawa aktif yang terkandung dalam ekstrak kasar Chlorella sp. menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak metanol mengandung steroid, tanin dan asam askorbat, sedangkan ekstrak etil asetat mengandung tanin dan asam askorbat.
Bioethanol Dehydration Process using NaOH-Activated Zeolite at Various Concentration and Zeolite Weight Saidi, David; Jannah, Akyunul; Maunatin, Anik
ALCHEMY ALCHEMY (Vol.4, No.1
Publisher : Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology UIN Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (318.038 KB) | DOI: 10.18860/al.v4i1.3140

Abstract

Utilization of molasses as basic material for producing bioethanol becomes one of the promising efforts to fulfill the demand of fuel and diminish the dependence upon fossil fuel that its availability is increasingly rare. However, ethanol produced from fermentation of molasses has low purity. The purity could be increased by using dehydration method and zeolite activated by NaOH and alum as alumina source. The research is aimed to know the dehydration process of bioethanol use NaOH-activated zeolite at various concentration and zeolite weight on the purification of bioethanol. In this research, the experiments could be categorized into 4 groups, they are activation of zeolite, fermentation, distillation, and dehydration process. Activation of natural zeolite performed by entering of sized 120-150 mesh zeolite powder was added to glass beaker that contains  NaOH aqueous solution and followed by adding alum which took place at 80 ˚C for 8 hours and the final product calcinated at 600 ˚ C for 2 hour. Fermentation process was managed for 6 days and pH 5. Furthermore, bioethanol was separated by distillation method at 78,5 - 85 ˚C and followed by molecular sieve dehydration using zeolite activated by NaOH solution in variation of zeolite weight (30, 40 and 50 %) and NaOH concentration (1, 2, 3 dan 4 M). The amount of bioethanol was measured by gas chromatography method. Bioethanol concentration as fermentation product is 29,8 %. The result revealed that dehydration with 30% w.t zeolite activated by 2 M NaOH solution had the best activity in bioethanol purification with amount of bioethanol is 53,76 %, Increased Levels of Bioethanol (ILB) value is 80,39 % and Adsorption Capacity of Zeolite (ACZ) is 399,31 %.Keywords: bioethanol, concentration of NaOH, dehydration, molasses, molecular sieve, weight of zeolite
KARAKTERISASI KARBON AKTIF TERAKTIVASI NaCl DARI AMPAS TAHU Hartini, Eny Yulianti, Rif’atul Mahmudah, Lilik; Yulianti, Eny; Mahmudah, Rif'atul
ALCHEMY ALCHEMY (Vol.3, No.2
Publisher : Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology UIN Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (297.962 KB) | DOI: 10.18860/al.v0i1.2916

Abstract

Ampas tahu merupakan residu proses pembuatan tahu. Ampas tahu yang dihasilkan dalam proses pembuatan tahu cukup melimpah. Pemanfaatan ampas tahu selama ini dapat digunakan sebagai pakan ternak dan tempe gembos. Alternatif lain untuk memanfaatkan ampas tahu  adalah dengan  menjadikannya sebagai bahan dasar  dalam pembuatan karbon aktif karena kandungan serat ampas tahu berkisar 50 %. Proses pembuatan karbon aktif dalam penelitian ini melalui 4 tahapan yaitu proses pengeringan ampas tahu selama 7 hari di bawah terik  matahari, proses aktivasi kimia menggunakan aktivator larutan NaCl dengan variasi konsentrasi 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, dan 25 %, proses karbonisasi ampas tahu teraktivasi NaCl pada suhu 500  dan pencucian karbon aktif dari ampas tahu dengan menggunakan HCl 1 M. Untuk mengetahui pengaruh konsentrasi aktivator terhadap luas permukaan karbon aktif dari ampas tahu menggunakan metode adsorpsi methylene blue dan dilanjutkan uji ANOVA one way dan uji LSD (Least Significance Different) dengan taraf uji 1 %. Hasil karbon aktif yang mempunyai luas permukaan terbaik pada adsorpsi methylene blue dan berbeda nyata dari hasil uji LSD dilakukan analisis morfologi dan analisis komposisi unsur-unsur yang terkandung pada permukaan dengan menggunakan SEM-EDX (Scanning Electron Microscopy-Energy Dispersive X-Ray). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan variasi konsentrasi NaCl sebagai aktivator berpengaruh terhadap luas permukaan karbon aktif. Luas permukaan terbaik dihasilkan saat diaktivasi dengan aktivator larutan NaCl 10 % adalah  18,9358 . Analisis SEM menunjukkan bahwa karbon aktif teraktivasi NaCl 10 % pori-pori  yang terbentuk lebih banyak dan membentuk rongga-rongga pori-pori dengan kedalaman yang lebih besar bila dibandingkan dengan karbon aktif teraktivasi NaCl 0 %.  Hasil analisis EDX  menunjukkan bahwa komposisi unsur yang berada pada permukaan karbon aktif teraktivasi NaCl 10 % meliputi unsur C 88,90 %, unsur O 10,08 %, unsur Al 0,36 %, unsur Mg 0,16 % dan unsur Ca 0,50 % sedangkan komposisi unsur yang berada pada permukaan karbon aktif teraktivasi NaCl 0 % meliputi unsur C  87,38 %, unsur O 10,31 %, unsur Mg 0,77 % dan unsur Ca 1,54 %.
PREPARASI, MODIFIKASI DAN KARAKTERISASI KATALIS BIFUNGSIONAL Sn-H-ZEOLIT ALAM MALANG Khalifah, Susi Nurul; Erlina, Nur Okta; Amalia, Suci
ALCHEMY ALCHEMY (Vol.2, No.3
Publisher : Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology UIN Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (383.074 KB) | DOI: 10.18860/al.v0i0.2888

Abstract

Telah dilakukan preparasi, modifikasi dan karakterisasi katalis Sn-H-Zeolit alam Malang. Zeolit alam diaktivasi dengan menggunakan larutan asam NH4NO3 2 M sehingga dihasilkan H-Zeolit. Logam Sn diimpregnasikan pada sampel H-Zeolit menggunakan variasi konsentrasi SnCl2.2H2O 0,12: 0,24 dan 0,48 M. Metode yang digunakan adalah proses hidrotermal menggunakan suhu 90 °C selama 12 jam, kemudian dikalsinasi pada suhu 500 °C selama 4 jam. Karakterisasi katalis meliputi morfologi permukaan katalis menggunakan SEM-EDAX, analisis kesaman menggunakan adsorpsi ammonia, luas permukaan spesifik katalis menggunakan BET (NOVA-1200) serta kristalinitas katalis menggunakan XRD.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa distribusi logam terbaik pada pengemban zeolit adalah pada penggunaan konsentrasi logam SnCl2.2H2O  0,24 M. Nilai keasaman dari hasil variasi terbaik adalah 0,4682 mmol/g, sedangkan luas permukaan spesifiknya adalah sebesar 2,268 m2/g. Dari hasil karakterisasi XRD dapat diketahui bahwa proses modifikasi pada zeolit tidak menyebabkan perubahan struktur dan kristalinitas katalis.

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