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El-HARAKAH : Jurnal Budaya Islam
ISSN : 18584357     EISSN : 23561734     DOI : -
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EL HARAKAH (ISSN 1858-4357 and E-ISSN 2356-1734) is peer-reviewed journal published biannually by Maulana Malik Ibrahim State Islamic University (UIN) of Malang. The journal is accredited based on the decree No. 36a E. KPT 2016 on 23 May 2016 by the Directorate General of Higher Education of Indonesia, for the period August 2016 to August 2021 (SINTA 2). The journal emphasizes on aspects related to Islamic Culture in Indonesia and Southeast Asia. We welcome contributions from scholars in the field, papers maybe written in Bahasa Indonesia, English, or Arabic.
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Articles 789 Documents
Konsep Seni Islam Sayyid Husein Nasr A. Khudori Soleh
el Harakah: Jurnal Budaya Islam Vol 12, No 1 (2010): EL HARAKAH
Publisher : UIN Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (150.276 KB) | DOI: 10.18860/el.v0i0.441

Abstract

Sayyid Husein Nasr divided art into three parts: pure art, traditional art and religious art. Islamic art included on pure art, relates to the principle of cosmos unity and principle of individual life unity and society. Because of that, according to Nasr, thinking about Islamic art is not based on material and social political experience that scope on inner reality of al Quran. In other hand, Islamic art also based on wisdom or knowledge that inspired of spiritual values, therefore Islamic art can be made as a result of khazain al ghaib. Because of that, Islamic art always reflected on religious values and explained of spiritual qualities. Actually, there are four functions which carry out by Islamic art. (1) Aims a blessed as cause of spiritual relation with Islamic spiritual dimension; (2) Remembering presence of the God in everywhere peoples are; (3) As criteria to evaluate social movement, cultural or politic that really Islamic or not; (4) to determined step of intellectual relation and religious of society.Sayyid Husein Nasr membagi seni menjadi tiga bagian: seni murni, kesenian tradisional dan seni religius. Seni Islam termasuk seni murni, berkaitan dengan prinsip kesatuan kosmos dan prinsip persatuan kehidupan individu dan masyarakat. Karena itu, menurut Nasr, pemikiran tentang seni Islam tidak didasarkan pada pengalaman material dan sosial politik yang lingkup realitas batin al quran. Di sisi lain, seni Islam juga didasarkan pada hikmat atau pengetahuan yang mengilhami nilai-nilai spiritual, oleh karena itu seni Islam bisa dijadikan khazirah al ghaib. Karena itu, seni Islam selalu tercermin pada nilai-nilai agama dan menjelaskan kualitas spiritual. Sebenarnya ada empat fungsi yang dilakukan oleh seni Islam. (1) Bertujuan diberkati sebagai penyebab hubungan spiritual dengan dimensi spiritual Islam; (2) Mengingat keberadaan Tuhan di mana-mana orang-orang; (3) Sebagai kriteria untuk mengevaluasi gerakan sosial, budaya atau politik yang benar-benar Islami atau tidak; (4) menentukan langkah relasi intelektual dan religius masyarakat.
Superioritas Laki-Laki dalam Dunia Sufi: Tinjauan Budaya Islam dalam Praktek Kepemimpinan Spiritual Abdur Rohmat
el Harakah: Jurnal Budaya Islam Vol 12, No 1 (2010): EL HARAKAH
Publisher : UIN Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (167.749 KB) | DOI: 10.18860/el.v0i0.442

Abstract

Substantially, the spiritual teaching of Sufism is not represented and represents one of gender group, male or female an sich. The Sufism spiritual teaching has great universal scope for male and female. In the empirical domain, in fact, the spiritual teaching still conduct patrimonial culture behavior which makes the original Sufism spiritual teaching endangered to fail. This situation also happened in the leadership on the practices of tasawuf teaching culture which has been dominated by the males. As a consequence, the female will never get the chance to lead the teaching practice. The situation encourages the writer to dig up the issues on imbalance in the male and female role in the Sufism teaching practices. The article raises the questions on should the spiritual teacher be the male? And why does the leadership capacity of the spiritual teaching has been dominated by the male? Furthermore, the exploration will be helpful resource to have better understanding on the Sufism teaching practice. Secara substansial, ajaran spiritual tasawuf tidak terwakili dan mewakili salah satu kelompok gender, pria atau wanita saja. Ajaran spiritual Sufisme memiliki cakupan universal yang besar untuk pria dan wanita. Dalam ranah empiris sebenarnya ajaran spiritual masih melakukan perilaku budaya patrimonial yang membuat ajaran spiritual Sufisme asli terancam punah. Keadaan ini juga terjadi pada kepemimpinan pada praktik budaya pengajaran tasawuf yang telah didominasi oleh laki-laki. Sebagai konsekuensinya, perempuan tidak akan pernah mendapatkan kesempatan untuk memimpin praktik mengajar. Situasi tersebut mendorong penulis untuk menggali isu ketidakseimbangan peran pria dan wanita dalam praktik pengajaran tasawuf. Artikel tersebut mengangkat pertanyaan tentang apakah guru spiritual itu adalah laki-laki? Dan mengapa kapasitas kepemimpinan ajaran spiritual didominasi oleh laki-laki? Selanjutnya, eksplorasi akan menjadi sumber yang berguna untuk memiliki pemahaman yang lebih baik mengenai praktik pengajaran tasawuf.
ANEKA RAGAM SPIRITUALITAS DALAM KEBUDAYAAN KONTEMPORER Naim, Ngainun
El-HARAKAH (TERAKREDITASI) el-Harakah (Vol 12, No 1
Publisher : UIN Maliki Malang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18860/el.v0i0.443

Abstract

Spiritualism is an inseparable part of human existence. The reduction of this dimension will effect negatively for human existence. This causes the emergence of new phenomenon, or even culture, in the life of modern society. The phenomenon is the increase of their interest in spiritualism. Even though, spiritualism in this context is not always identical with religion. Even, this phenomenon cannot be separated from capitalism. Therefore, the spiritualism that develops recently has various forms, that is, (1) Spiritualism Secularization, (2) Spiritualism Immanence, (3) Spiritualism Libidinalisation, (4) Schizo-spiritualism, (5) Hybridspiritualism, and (6) Techno-spiritualism. Furthermore, there is also another expression of spiritualism, that is, the emergence of new religion or quasi-religion movement. The emergence of this movement is influenced by the effort to release from religious countercultures. Other manifestation of this spiritualism is in the form of fundamentalism movement. In extreme point, this movement can be seen from the emergence of extreme cult, such as those that teach tragic way of death.
Nahdhatul Ulama dan Perubahan Budaya Politik di Indonesia Muhammad Muhammad
el Harakah: Jurnal Budaya Islam Vol 12, No 1 (2010): EL HARAKAH
Publisher : UIN Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (149.682 KB) | DOI: 10.18860/el.v0i0.444

Abstract

The aim of article to descriptive relationship between Nahdhatul Ulama institution and change of political culture in Indonesia. The first, explore many terminology of political culture, type of political culture and political behavior. Secondly, this article to analysis ideology of Nahdhatul Ulama and democracy. The last, this article recommended the new role of Nahdhatul Ulama to contribution in change of political culture in Indonesia. Tujuan artikel ini untuk menjabarkan hubungan antara lembaga Nahdhatul Ulama dan perubahan budaya politik di Indonesia. Yang pertama, yaitu dengan menjelajahi banyak terminologi budaya politik, jenis budaya politik dan perilaku politik. Kedua, artikel ini untuk menganalisis ideologi Nahdhatul Ulama dan demokrasi. Yang terakhir, artikel ini merekomendasikan peran baru Nahdhatul Ulama untuk berkontribusi dalam perubahan budaya politik di Indonesia.
Agama dan Mitos: Dari Imajinasi Kreatif menuju Realitas yang Dinamis Roibin Roibin
el Harakah: Jurnal Budaya Islam Vol 12, No 2 (2010): EL HARAKAH
Publisher : UIN Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (167.222 KB) | DOI: 10.18860/el.v0i0.445

Abstract

Myth always comes to be a debatable discourse among the scholars and observers of Islam. Frequently, a scientific study of myth leads to an extreme ideological analysis. From the debates, the side that is in favor of religion is system atically typed into pro and contra. The pro-myth side always says that myth is spirit of life that can arouse the vitality in real life. While, the negative side says that myth merely abstracts the concrete things. In other words, the pro side says that myth concretizes the abstract things, while the contra side is the opposite. From the different perspective, this writing intentionally uncovers their academic-philosophical reasons and identifies the reason why they think so. The questions are expected to reveal the sociological background of each initiator of the concept and theory of myth. Mitos selalu menjadi wacana yang diperdebatkan di antara para ilmuwan dan pengamat Islam. Seringkali, sebuah studi ilmiah tentang mitologi mengarah pada analisis ideologis ekstrem. Dari perdebatan, sisi yang mendukung agama adalah sistem yang secara tipikal akan menjadi pro dan kontra. Sisi pro-mitos selalu mengatakan bahwa mitos adalah semangat hidup yang bisa membangkitkan vitalitas dalam kehidupan nyata. Sementara, sisi negatifnya mengatakan bahwa mitos hanya menggambarkan hal-hal konkret. Dengan kata lain, pihak pro mengatakan bahwa mitos mengkonsolidasikan hal-hal abstrak, sementara sisi kontra adalah kebalikannya. Dari perspektif yang berbeda, tulisan ini sengaja mengungkapkan alasan filosofis akademisnya dan mengidentifikasi alasan mengapa demikian. Pertanyaan tersebut diharapkan bisa mengungkapkan latar belakang sosiologis masing-masing pemrakarsa konsep dan teori mitos.
Hegemoni Elit dalam Ritus Agama Lokal: Studi Keberagamaan Masyarakat Bugis Bone Sulawesi Selatan Muhammad Rais
el Harakah: Jurnal Budaya Islam Vol 12, No 2 (2010): EL HARAKAH
Publisher : UIN Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (199.272 KB) | DOI: 10.18860/el.v0i0.446

Abstract

Local religious beliefs termed as animism and dynamism by Giddens are still found in the religious practices of Indonesian communities. One of such practices occured in Bugis Ujung-Bone society, South Sulawesi. People’s faith in supernatural beings which are mythically believed as giving something meaningful for them is reflected by performing certain rituals in their daily lives. This ritual is performed at home and in a special place called Addewatang. This local belief system was firstly conceived and conceptualized by Sanro Maggangka. It grew into a local ritual tradition in Ujung-Bone society. This local ritual tradition were then acculturated with some formal religion’s activities. In the meantime, the figure of sanro becomes very important as a mediator in every religious ritual practiced by the society. Finally, hegemonic domination by the sanro can be observed in every thoughts and actions of the society, especially in their religious practices. In this research, the phenomenon were analyzed with the phenomenological-constructionist analysis. There are two findings of this research. First, there is a public perception that the practice of religious ritual done so far is believed as a part of their formal religion’s belief system. Second, there is a strong hegemony and dominance of the sanro’s role in conceptualizing this local ritual practice into their formal religion’s activities. The impact of this mythical belief of the role of sanro and “Putta Sereng” can be seen in the faithfulness of the people to act based on sanro’s instructions, the decrease of the people’s faith in their own formal religion, and the occurrence of theological confusions in the younger generations of Ujung-Bone society. Keyakinan agama lokal yang disebut animisme dan dinamisme oleh Giddens masih ditemukan dalam praktik keagamaan masyarakat Indonesia. Salah satu praktik tersebut terjadi di masyarakat Bugis Ujung-Bone, Sulawesi Selatan. Iman orang-orang yang memiliki makhluk gaib yang secara mistis dipercaya memberi sesuatu yang berarti bagi mereka tercermin dengan melakukan ritual tertentu dalam kehidupan mereka sehari-hari. Ritual ini dilakukan di rumah dan di tempat khusus bernama Addewatang. Sistem kepercayaan lokal ini pertama kali disusun dan dikonseptualisasikan oleh Sanro Maggangka. Ini berkembang menjadi tradisi ritual lokal di masyarakat Ujung-Bone. Tradisi ritual lokal ini kemudian berakulturasi dengan beberapa kegiatan formal agama. Sementara itu, sosok sanro menjadi sangat penting sebagai mediator dalam setiap ritual keagamaan yang dipraktikkan oleh masyarakat. Akhirnya, dominasi hegemonik oleh sanro dapat diamati dalam setiap pemikiran dan tindakan masyarakat, terutama dalam praktik keagamaan mereka. Dalam penelitian ini, fenomena tersebut dianalisis dengan analisis fenomenologis-konstruksionis. Ada dua temuan dari penelitian ini. Pertama, ada persepsi publik bahwa praktik ritual keagamaan yang dilakukan sejauh ini diyakini sebagai bagian dari sistem kepercayaan agama formal mereka. Kedua, ada hegemoni dan dominasi peran sanro yang kuat dalam mengkonseptualisasikan praktik ritual lokal ini ke dalam aktivitas formal agama mereka. Dampak dari kepercayaan mitos peran sanro dan "Putta Sereng" ini dapat dilihat dalam kesetiaan masyarakat untuk bertindak berdasarkan instruksi sanro, turunnya kepercayaan masyarakat terhadap agama formal mereka sendiri, dan terjadinya kebingungan teologis. di generasi muda masyarakat Ujung-Bone.
Seblang dan Kenduri Masyarakat Desa Olehsari: Relasi Ideal Antara Islam dan Budaya Jawa di Banyuwangi Ahmad Kholil
el Harakah: Jurnal Budaya Islam Vol 12, No 2 (2010): EL HARAKAH
Publisher : UIN Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (193.728 KB) | DOI: 10.18860/el.v0i0.447

Abstract

Desa mawa cara negara mawa tata, a Javanese wisdom which means that each place in this country has its own different manner and rules as the essence of its people’s cultures and traditions. This paper aims to describe one of Indonesian cultural richness which is transformed in the religious ritual named Seblang in a small village called Olehsari, in Banyuwangi, East Java. This ritual has a religious orientation as an aspiration to the Almighty in order to gain success in agriculture, occupation, and other objectives in the lives of the people of Olehsari. Likewise, Kenduri is also meant as a supplication to the Almighty in order to obtain blessings for the livings and forgiveness for the deceased. In Olehsari, people call this kind of ritual as Ngirim Duwa, or literally translated as ‘sending the prayers’. Furthermore, Seblang and Kenduri have certain social purposes to achieve a serene and harmonious living atmosphere for the people. Desa mawa cara negara mawa tata, sebuah kebijaksanaan Jawa yang berarti bahwa setiap tempat di negara ini memiliki cara dan aturan tersendiri sebagai esensi budaya dan tradisi masyarakatnya. Makalah ini bertujuan untuk menggambarkan salah satu kekayaan budaya Indonesia yang ditransformasikan dalam ritual keagamaan bernama Seblang di sebuah desa kecil bernama Olehsari, di Banyuwangi, Jawa Timur. Ritual ini memiliki orientasi religius sebagai aspirasi bagi Yang Maha Kuasa untuk meraih kesuksesan di bidang pertanian, pekerjaan, dan tujuan lainnya dalam kehidupan masyarakat Assari. Selain itu, Kenduri juga dimaksudkan sebagai permohonan kepada Yang Maha Kuasa untuk mendapatkan berkah bagi penghidupan dan pengampunan bagi almarhum. Di Olehsari, orang menyebut ritual seperti Ngirim Duwa, atau secara harfiah diterjemahkan sebagai 'mengirim sholat'. Lebih jauh lagi, Seblang dan Kenduri memiliki tujuan sosial tertentu untuk mencapai suasana hidup yang tenang dan harmonis bagi masyarakat.
LLembaga Kekhalifahan sebagai Suatu Institusi Politik Achmad Room Fitrianto
el Harakah: Jurnal Budaya Islam Vol 12, No 2 (2010): EL HARAKAH
Publisher : UIN Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (195.433 KB) | DOI: 10.18860/el.v0i0.448

Abstract

The issue of leadership succession has always been an interesting issue of all time. Beside the emergence of the issue of succession and power struggles, the problems of empowering the people and sustaining the civilization are also one of the keys of power transitions. One of the most widely known leadership succession in history is the successions that happened after the death of the Prophet Muhammad saw. This episode  was responded variously by many parties of that time. However, Abu Bakar came up with an awareness that the death of the Prophet Muhammad saw was not the end of anything. There is a huge responsibility to continue the islamic civilization that has been built by the Prophet Muhammad saw. Therefore, the caliphate system was developed and established. At the time of Umar as, the caliphate system was enhanced with the establishment of the Shura Council. Dynamic development of the caliphate system has become an interesting study recently. The system was built based on the divine prophetic system. It was then adopted into a system that puts its main concerns for the society. After some time, the system was degraded by the worldly interests of the Umayyad family who turned it into a monarchy system. However, the development of this system through periods can be analyze in order to gain some valuable lessons for the modern leaderships. Isu suksesi kepemimpinan selalu menjadi isu menarik sepanjang masa. Selain munculnya isu suksesi dan perebutan kekuasaan, masalah pemberdayaan masyarakat dan penengah peradaban juga merupakan salah satu kunci transisi kekuasaan. Salah satu suksesi kepemimpinan yang paling banyak dikenal dalam sejarah adalah suksesi yang terjadi setelah kematian Nabi Muhammad saw. Ini banyak ditanggapi oleh banyak pihak. Namun, Abu Bakar muncul dengan kesadaran bahwa kematian Nabi Muhammad saw saw bukanlah akhir dari apapun. Ada tanggung jawab besar untuk melanjutkan peradaban islami yang telah dibangun oleh Nabi Muhammad saw. Oleh karena itu, sistem khilafah dikembangkan dan didirikan. Pada saat Umar, sistem khilafah ditingkatkan dengan pembentukan Dewan Syura. Perkembangan dinamis sistem khilafah telah menjadi studi menarik baru-baru ini. Sistem ini dibangun berdasarkan sistem nubuatan ilahi. Kemudian diadopsi ke dalam sistem yang menempatkan perhatian utamanya bagi masyarakat. Setelah beberapa lama, sistem itu terdegradasi oleh kepentingan duniawi keluarga Umayyah yang mengubahnya menjadi sistem monarki. Namun, pengembangan sistem ini melalui periode dapat dianalisis untuk mendapatkan beberapa pelajaran berharga bagi kepemimpinan modern.
DIMENSI SPIRITUAL KEBUDAYAAN: Di Tengah Relasi yang Timpang Antara Utara dan Selatan Tasrif, Muhammad
El-HARAKAH (TERAKREDITASI) el-Harakah (Vol 12, No 2
Publisher : UIN Maliki Malang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18860/el.v0i0.449

Abstract

Moslem society as a part of the population of the south world, culturally is in the influence of the hegemony of non-Moslem culture. Mainly, European, American, and Australian as parts of the north world population. Until the mid twentieth century, the hegemony existed in the form of military imperialism. Meanwhile, in post-mid twentieth century, the hegemony changed into cultural imperialism in many areas, such as, social, economic, and art. The countries of the south world have really done some efforts to face the neo-imperialism, but have not succeeded well. Therefore, more serious efforts should be done to face the neo-imperialism, that is, the creativity to make the European and American cultural products as materials that can be creatively rearranged and matched with the local culture. In the creative process, the spiritual dimension of culture should become the basis of cultural production process at present and in the future to create a fair relation. The use of spiritual dimension of culture can create new cultural products. In turn, the cultural products of the south world will exist, and finally they can be exchanged with the products of the north world. This is what China is doing with its developing economic power to balance out the domination of Europe and America. The same hopefully appears from the Islam world although it needs more serious cultural works. According to Faisal Ismail, the awakening of Islam and its culture depends on the Moslems themselves, depends on their cultural works they do.
Dinamika Islam Kultural: Studi atas Dialektika Islam dan Budaya Lokal Madura Paisun Paisun
el Harakah: Jurnal Budaya Islam Vol 12, No 2 (2010): EL HARAKAH
Publisher : UIN Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (156.171 KB) | DOI: 10.18860/el.v0i0.450

Abstract

Throughout the history, it is well-known that the ingress and the progress of Islam in Indonesia, especially in Java and Madura, were held almost without any tension and conflict. Even in the societies with some former belief systems such as Animism and Buddhism, Islam was easily accepted as a religion that brings peace within its teachings. During periods, Islam and local cultures perform a dialectical relationship and give rise to local variances of Islam, such as Javanese Islam, Madurese Islam, Sasak Islam, Sundanese Islam, etc. Those variances of Islam are the result of an acculturation process between Islam with the local cultures. In other word, this process is also called as “inculturation”. These local variances of Islam, further termed as the “cultural Islam” in this paper, have become a characteristics of Indonesian Islamic societies phenomenon which are different from Middle-East’s Islamic society and European Islamic society. This paper discusses about the Madurese Islam, one of these cultural Islam’s variances. Dialectical process between Islam and the local culture of Madura in turn generates a unique Madurese Islam, which is distinctive and esoteric. In its further developments, Islam and Madurese tradition are seen as unity and inseparatable, though people can still distinguish one another. This study seeks to uncover and expose the Islamic cultural dynamics that exist and grow in Madura: how big is the change that occurred, in which part, and what factors underlie these changes. This study provides benefit in enriching our scientific study about Indonesian cultural heritage, especially about the dialectical relationship between Islam and Madurese local culture. Sepanjang sejarah, diketahui bahwa masuknya dan kemajuan Islam di Indonesia, khususnya di Jawa dan Madura, berlangsung hampir tanpa ketegangan dan konflik. Bahkan di masyarakat dengan beberapa sistem kepercayaan sebelumnya seperti Animisme dan Budhisme, Islam dengan mudah diterima sebagai agama yang membawa kedamaian dalam ajarannya. Selama periode tersebut, Islam dan budaya lokal melakukan hubungan dialektis dan menimbulkan varian Islam lokal, seperti Islam Jawa, Islam Madura, Sasak Islam, Islam Sunda, dan sebagainya. Perbedaan varian Islam tersebut adalah hasil proses akulturasi antara Islam dengan budaya lokal. Dengan kata lain, proses ini juga disebut sebagai "inkulturasi". Variasi Islam lokal ini, yang selanjutnya disebut sebagai "Islam budaya" dalam makalah ini, telah menjadi ciri khas fenomena masyarakat Islam Indonesia yang berbeda dari masyarakat Islam Timur Tengah dan masyarakat Islam Eropa. Tulisan ini membahas tentang Islam Madura, salah satu varian Islam budaya ini. Proses dialektis antara Islam dan budaya lokal Madura pada gilirannya menghasilkan Islam Madura yang unik, yang khas dan esoteris. Dalam perkembangan selanjutnya, tradisi Islam dan Madura dipandang sebagai kesatuan dan tak terpisahkan, meski orang masih bisa saling membedakan. Studi ini bertujuan untuk mengungkap dan mengekspos dinamika budaya Islam yang ada dan berkembang di Madura: seberapa besar perubahan yang terjadi, di bagian mana, dan faktor-faktor apa yang mendasari perubahan ini. Studi ini memberi manfaat dalam memperkaya kajian ilmiah kita tentang warisan budaya Indonesia, terutama tentang hubungan dialektis antara Islam dan budaya lokal Madura.

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