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Medula
Published by Universitas Lampung
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Core Subject : Health, Science, Education,
Education Medicine & Pharmacology Neuroscience Public Health
Medical Profession Journal of Lampung didirkan pada tahun 2013. Medula hadir memenuhi kebutuhan publikasi jurnal bagi mahasiswa Fakultas Kedokteran, Dosen ataupun klinisi dan profesi lain dibidang kedokteran. Medula diterbitkan dengan frekuensi 4 kali dalam setahun yang tiap nomornya mencakup 30 jenis artikel ilmiah seperti artikel penelitian, laporan kasus, tinjauan pustaka dan lain-lain. Medula sudah memiliki nomor ISSN media cetak sejak tahun 2013
Arjuna Subject : Kedokteran - Kedokteran (Lain-Lain)
Articles 977 Documents
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Article Review: Diagnosis dan Tatalaksana Rhinitis Medikamentosa Rahmi Zuraida; Putu Ristyaning Ayu Sangging; Rani Himayani
Medula Vol 13 No 4.1 (2023): Medula - Edisi Spesial (Special Sense)
Publisher : CV. Jasa Sukses Abadi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.53089/medula.v13i4.1.692

Abstract

Rhinitis medicamentosa (RM) is a condition caused by overuse of nasal decongestants. This can be seen when patients use topical decongestants for more than 5 consecutive days and are accompanied by symptoms of persistent nasal congestion and secretions. The term rhinitis medicamentosa is also called rebound or chemical rhinitis. In addition, rhinitis medicamentosa is also a term for nasal congestion after using drugs other than topical decongestants. These drugs are antihypertensives, antipsychotics, PDE5 inhibitors, analgesics, hormones, and miscellaneous. However, there are differences in the mechanism through which congestion is caused by topical nasal decongestants and oral medications. Very few prospective rhinitis medicamentosa studies have been conducted and most of the knowledge about the condition comes from case reports and histological studies. Histologic changes consistent with rhinitis medicamentosa include nasociliary loss, squamous cell metaplasia, epithelial edema, epithelial cell denudation, goblet cell hyperplasia, increased epidermal growth factor receptor expression, and inflammatory cell infiltration. Because the cumulative dose of nasal decongestants or the length of time needed to start rhinitis medicamentosa has not been definitively determined, these medications should only be used for the shortest period needed. Validated criteria need to be developed and further tests also need to be carried out to establish a better diagnosis. Stopping nasal decongestant use is the first line of treatment for rhinitis medicamentosa. If necessary, intranasal glucocorticosteroids should be used to speed recovery.
Penegakan Diagnosa dan Tatalaksana Severe Dry Eyes pada Pasien Steven Johnson Syndrome Aulia Nur Fitriatsani; Putu Ristyaning Ayu Sangging; Rani Himayani
Medula Vol 13 No 4.1 (2023): Medula - Edisi Spesial (Special Sense)
Publisher : CV. Jasa Sukses Abadi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.53089/medula.v13i4.1.695

Abstract

Severe dry eyes or what can be called as severe dry eyes is a disease that is often encountered and could be happen to anyone. This disease is a multifactorial disease and is more common in women than men. Risk factors that can cause dry eyes are classified into several categories, namely individuals, environment, chronic disease, autoimmune disease, drugs, and history of injury. One of the factors that causes dry eyes, namely the use of drugs both topical and systemic drugs. The use of five or more drugs simultaneously can increase the risk of dry eyes. One disease that can trigger severe dry eyes in Steven Johnson Syndrome (SJS). SJS is a form of skin and mucous membrane disease caused by the body’s hypersensitivity reaction to a drug or infection. After the damage caused by the acute stage begins to subside, there will be severe visual disturbances and severe dry eyes. In the acute stage, ocular complications occur in 77% of SJS patients. Severe dry eyes can reduce the patient’s quality of life because it can interfere with vision, especially during daily activities. Severe dry eyes in SJS patients involve three important mechanisms, namely tear deficiency, decrease corneal surface moisture, and increase evaporation processes. Treatment of dry eyes can be given with artificial tears and stop using drugs that trigger dry eyes or replace drugs with other drugs. It is important to suppress chronic inflammation of the ocular surface and 2% rebamipide opthalmic solution can help restore stability to the ocular surface.. contact lenses can also be used to improve the patient’s visual acuity and reduce the symptoms associated with severe dry eyes.
ARTICLE REVIEW PERDARAHAN SUBKONJUNGTIVA Syiva Ulhayah; Rani Himayani; Putu Ristyaning Ayu Sangging
Medula Vol 13 No 4.1 (2023): Medula - Edisi Spesial (Special Sense)
Publisher : CV. Jasa Sukses Abadi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.53089/medula.v13i4.1.696

Abstract

One of the common complaints in emergency departments and outpatient clinics is red eyes. One of the causes of red eyes that often occurs is subconjunctival hemorrhage which is a disorder that can occur in most benign situations but can also occur at certain times as a clinical manifestation of a diagnosis of a dangerous disease, especially if the bleeding occurs continuously or recurrently. . Usually, subconjunctival hemorrhages are painless. The conjunctiva consists of two parts, namely the bulbar part which covers the sclera and the tarsal part which covers the inside of the eyelids. The occurrence of subconjunctival hemorrhage is due to tearing of the small blood vessels on the surface of the eye above the sclera. This leaking blood then enters the lower Tenon's capsule and its condition becomes more pronounced when the blood leaks into the externally exposed portion of the bulbar conjunctiva. Subconjunctival hemorrhage can occur in elderly or young patients where the main risk factors in young patients are trauma and contact lens use and in elderly patients are systemic vascular diseases, such as hypertension, diabetes, and arteriosclerosis. In its treatment, subconjunctival hemorrhage does not require special treatment and will heal within 1-2 weeks. However, several factors need to be considered in the management of subconjunctival hemorrhage, including whether the patient experiences irritation, whether subconjunctival bleeding is accompanied by decreased vision, and whether there is a history of trauma. Subconjunctival hemorrhage has a good prognosis.
Penegakan Diagnosis dan Penatalaksanaan Retinopati Hipertensi Maria Devi; Putu Ristyaning Ayu Sangging; Rani Himayani
Medula Vol 13 No 4.1 (2023): Medula - Edisi Spesial (Special Sense)
Publisher : CV. Jasa Sukses Abadi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.53089/medula.v13i4.1.697

Abstract

Hypertension is a global health problem that requires good management. Hypertension is also commonly known as silent killer because it often arises in patients without any symptoms or complaints. There are several factors that affect the prevalence of hypertension such as race, age, obesity, high salt intake, and a history of hypertension in the family. The World Health Organization (WHO) states that in 2019 the prevalence of world hypertension sufferers is 22% of the total world population, and more than four thirds of those with hypertension do not make attempts to control blood pressure that causes hypertension complications. Blood vessels and the retina are highly suggestible structures when a patient suffers from hypertension, one of the target organs of complications of hypertension is the eye, prolonged and uncontrollable hypertension can trigger sclerosis in small blood vessels, the subtle changes in the retinal arteries that are then hardened by hypertension known as hypertensive retinopathy. Most patients with hypertensive retinopathy have no visible symptoms at the beginning, but in some cases the general symptoms often associated with hypertensive retinopathy are those of headaches and eye pain. A vascularization of the retina as a result of hypertension if untreated, would become retinal hypertension, leading to a serious complication of blindness. The higher the blood pressure of people and the longer hypertension continues to cause greater damage. Keyword: Hipertension, hypertensive retinopathy, diagnose, management
Dakriosistitis Muhamad Zaidan Algifari; Putu Ristyaning Ayu Sangging; Rani Himayani
Medula Vol 13 No 4.1 (2023): Medula - Edisi Spesial (Special Sense)
Publisher : CV. Jasa Sukses Abadi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.53089/medula.v13i4.1.698

Abstract

Dacryocystitis is characterized by inflammation of the nasolacrimal sac. This is due to obstruction within the nasolacrimal duct and stagnation of tears in the lacrimal sac. Obstruction that occurs in the nasolacrimal duct can cause secondary infection in the form of dacryocystitis. Obstruction that occurs at an early age is caused by the nasolacrimal membrane not opening, whereas in adults it is due to pressure on the nasolacrimal duct. The most common organisms found in dacryocystitis are staphylococcal species (mostly S. aureus, S. pneumoniae, and S. epidermidis). Symptoms found in dacryocystitis are redness, swelling, and pain above the lacrimal sac, especially just below the anatomical boundary of the medial canthal ligament. Conservative therapy is carried out by applying warm compresses 3 times a day, given analgesics and oral antibiotic therapy. The most common surgical procedure for dacryocystitis is Dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR). DCR has been reported to be over 93% to 97% successful. Complications that can occur as a result of not being handled properly are presptal cellulitis or orbital cellulitis. In general, the prognosis for dacryocystitis is good.
ARTICLE REVIEW DETEKSI DINI AMBLIOPIA Nabila Yoli Rahmadani; Putu Ristyaning Ayu Sangging; Rani Himayani
Medula Vol 13 No 4.1 (2023): Medula - Edisi Spesial (Special Sense)
Publisher : CV. Jasa Sukses Abadi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.53089/medula.v13i4.1.700

Abstract

Amblyopia is a developmental disorder of vision. It is caused by failure of visual cortical development in one or both eyes due to congenital abnormalities early in life. Amblyopia occurs early in life when the developing visual system fails to transmit sharp images to the visual cortex. It can be caused by media opacities, cataracts, strabismus, or an anisometropic refractive error that places one eye at a developmental disadvantage in the other. Amblyopia is the leading cause of monocular vision loss in children, with an estimated prevalence of 1% to 6% and is responsible for permanent vision loss in 2.9% of adults. In general, amblyopia does not cause symptoms, so it is very important to perform visual function screening to detect the risk of developing amblyopia. Accurate screening methods that pediatricians, family care practitioners, nurses, or community organizations can use can identify amblyopia at a time when treatment is most effective, so amblyopia can be treated more effectively when detected early. This paper uses the article review method using sources such as journals and books. The purpose of this writing is to find out the steps for early detection of amblyopia. The results of this paper found that early detection can be done by visual screening consisting of risk history factors and visual acuity abnormalities (preferential search techniques (Teller acuity cards, Cardiff acuity tests), fixation preference tests or image charts (Kay charts and Lea symbols). and Photoscreening) in children aged 3-5 years. The conclusion obtained is that early amblyopia screening can help with treatment and a better prognosis.
Diagnosis dan Tatalaksana Otitis Media Supuratif Kronik Rizqiani Astrid Nasution; Putu Ristyaning Ayu Sangging; Rani Himayani
Medula Vol 13 No 4.1 (2023): Medula - Edisi Spesial (Special Sense)
Publisher : CV. Jasa Sukses Abadi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.53089/medula.v13i4.1.701

Abstract

Chronic suppurative otitis media or also known as CSOM is a chronic inflammation or infection of the middle ear with a perforation of the tympanic membrane accompanied by or without discharge in the ear canal for at least 2-6 weeks. Chronic suppurative otitis media may start as otitis media with progressively worsening tympanic membrane perforation. The presence of cholesteatoma, namely the keratinized squamous epithelium in the middle ear can worsen the patient's condition to the point of complications. The diagnosis of chronic suppurative otitis media includes anamnesis, physical examination, and supporting examinations. In the anamnesis, the patient experiences symptoms such as decreased hearing function, discharge from the ear canal, tinnitus, a feeling of fullness in the ear, and can be accompanied by otalgia and high fever which indicates complications. The physical examination was carried out by examining the ear canal, examining the middle ear, and examining the hearing test in the form of a tuning test consisting of a Rinne test, Weber test, and Schwabach test, as well as a whispered voice test. In supporting examination of chronic suppurative otitis media, pure tone audiometry, Brainstem Evoked Response Audiometry (BERA) and otomicroscopy were performed. Management of chronic suppurative otitis media consists of non-operative management and operative management. Non-operative management is carried out with an aural toilet, administration of topical and systemic antibiotics, and education. Operative management is in the form of surgery consisting of myringoplasty, tympanoplasty, and mastoidectomy. Operative management is carried out if the patient with chronic suppurative otitis media is not responsive to topical or systemic medical therapy with appropriate aural toilet.
Tinjauan Pustaka: Klasifikasi dan Tatalaksana Trauma Aurikuler Aurora Awindya Nareswari; Putu Ristyaning Ayu Sangging; Rani Himayani
Medula Vol 13 No 4.1 (2023): Medula - Edisi Spesial (Special Sense)
Publisher : CV. Jasa Sukses Abadi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.53089/medula.v13i4.1.702

Abstract

The auricle is the outermost part of the ear so it is very susceptible to injury. Injury or trauma to the auricles can occur intentionally or unintentionally, with the most common causes being accidents, bullet injuries, frostbites, burns, animal bites, and others. Some types of activities have a high risk of experiencing this type of trauma such as wrestling, boxing, and soccer. The most common types of trauma to the auricle are abrasions, lacerations, avulsions, and auricular hematomas. Auricular lacerations can be caused by a hard blow with a blunt object, an incision from a sharp object such as a knife, an accident, and others. Meanwhile, an auricular hematoma is an abnormal condition due to trauma to the auricle which causes a buildup of blood between the cartilage and perichondrium. If not treated or treated late, this condition can lead to fibrosis of the cartilage and the formation of neocartilage, then ends with cauliflower ear which can cause drastic changes in the auricles. Therefore, the diagnosis and management of auricular trauma must be carried out appropriately and adequately so as not to cause discomfort to the patient due to its effect on the patient's appearance.
Pengaruh Presbikusis Terhadap Kualitas Hidup Lansia Ellysa Angguman Putri; Putu Ristyaning Ayu Sangging; Rani Himayani
Medula Vol 13 No 4.1 (2023): Medula - Edisi Spesial (Special Sense)
Publisher : CV. Jasa Sukses Abadi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.53089/medula.v13i4.1.703

Abstract

Presbycusis is a sensorineural hearing loss that commonly occurs in the elderly as a result of the degenerative process of the hearing organ which continues to decrease progressively and symmetrically on both sides of the ear. Based on the results of audiometric examination and temporal bone pathology, presbycusis can be classified into four categories are sensory type, neural type, metabolic type, and cochlear conduction types. Factors involved in the development of presbycusis are genetic factors and environmental factors. Presbycusis is an important problem in the elderly social interaction. The elderly rely on their hearing to overcome the limited vision that is starting to get impaired. In addition, decreased concentration and memory due to age also make it difficult for the elderly to understand speech, especially in noisy situations. Presbycusis can cause serious complications, such as anxiety disorders, communication disorders, depression, isolation, and cognitive disorders. Presbycusis can affect all aspects of life, especially the personal and daily life. This is because hearing is an important sensation for the elderly in improving the quality of life, maintaining safety and health. Communication barriers caused by presbycusis affect the quality of life of the elderly.
Rhinitis Alergi: Etiologi, Patofisiologi, Diagnosis dan Tatalaksana Indah Kurnia Putri Waruwu; Isabela Irene Pangestu; Syalwa Meutia; Putu Ristyaning Ayu Sangging; Rani Himayani
Medula Vol 13 No 4.1 (2023): Medula - Edisi Spesial (Special Sense)
Publisher : CV. Jasa Sukses Abadi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.53089/medula.v13i4.1.705

Abstract

Allergic rhinitis is an inflammatory disease that is triggered by the occurrence of allergic reactions in patients with atopy who have previously been sensitized to the same allergen and the release of a chemical mediator when there is repeated exposure to that specific allergen which causes an inflammatory reaction in the patient. Rhinitis which is triggered by an allergic reaction to an allergen is one of the cases of nasal inflammation found in all human races. The incidence of rhinitis is more common, especially in children with male gender. The incidence of rhinitis that occurs in children will decrease with increasing age of these children. In adulthood, the incidence of rhinitis can be said to decrease and is rarely found. Even though allergic rhinitis has a course of disease, clinical manifestations that are not too dangerous for the patient's condition, this disease can still experience recurrences if the triggering allergen is not removed. This recurrence cannot be allowed to continue to occur because over time it will become a chronic symptom which can trigger various complications and also decrease the quality of life of sufferers. Adequate management and avoidance of triggering allergens are the main steps to avoid recurrence of allergic rhinitis.

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