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Ecotourism: A Mechanism for Sustainable Tourism Development Maxwell-Borjor Achuk Eba; Dorn Ckiaimz Enamhe
Jurnal Ilmu Sosiologi Dialektika Kontemporer Vol. 11, No. 1, Januari-Juni 2023
Publisher : dialektika kontemporer

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An increasing number of studies around the world have stressed that "ecotourism’ is an appropriate form of tourism development that meets several indicators of sustainable tourism development. In order to analyse the aptness of ecotourism, which brings a balance between tourism and sustainable tourism development, an attempt is made to answer the following research question through this work: Does ecotourism, an ideal form of tourism development, satisfy sustainable tourism indicator areas? The research question is answered through comparative case studies. Furthermore, in order to understand to what extent or degree the ecotourism attributes agree with the sustainable tourism indicators, a total of 10 case studies were chosen for this purpose. Some random papers were selected between 2003 and 2015, which made up the case studies from different geographical region of the world. Thus, this paper made use of the method of textual analysis to carry out this research. The results of the case studies indicate that ecotourism meets the sustainable tourism indicators. The three areas used to ascertain the foregoing are: (1) sustainable tourism indicator areas; (2) ecotourism attributes; and (3) ecotourism case studies.

Robert Nozick’s Minimal State: A Critique Augustine Terhide Maashin
Jurnal Ilmu Sosiologi Dialektika Kontemporer Vol 10, No 2 (2022): Juli – December 2022
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The book, Anarchy, State and Utopia by Robert Nozick’s is his most celebrated work in which the author discusses his political thoughts. His theory of Justice (The Entitlement Theory) and the Minimal State constitute the major themes in this book. Against John Rawl’s theory of justice which is distributive in nature, Nozick develops his theory of justice which he terms “entitlement theory”,a theory thatplaces emphasis on actual consent rather than rationality as the basis of political control which is actualized in the minimal state. For Nozick, the minimal state is the only morally justifiable form of government. This contention rests upon his understanding of the separateness of each person, the existence of inviolable rights, and the side constraint that these rights impose on the behaviour of others. Nozick claims that persons are rational, they are moral agents, and they have free will. In addition, they have the ability to regulate and guide their lives in accordance with some overall conception of their choice. His advocacy of a minimalist state limited to the protection of the people against theft, fraud and the enforcement of contract, his emphasis on the exclusive right to own property, rejection of coercive taxation, rejection of the provision of public social amenities amongst others is flawed and constitutes a problem in this regard. This paper concludes that, the kind of state envisaged by Nozick is utopia. However the good elements of his theory can be modified to make for the kind of state that prioritizes individual rights.

Divine Reality and the Principle of Sufficient Reason: A Philosophical Analysis Peter Ottuh; Onos Idjakpo
Jurnal Ilmu Sosiologi Dialektika Kontemporer Vol 10, No 2 (2022): Juli – December 2022
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The cosmological postulation that there cannot be an “effect” without a “cause” is the underlying predicate of the Principle of Sufficient Reason (PSR). PSR states that everything must have a sufficient reason, cause, or foundation. Some theologians consider the above notions to be fideism, preferring to think that God's knowledge is founded on human reason, whereas “intelligent design” is a two-tiered argument that uses design to show the existence of a “Divine Realty” (God). Reality is subjective and is built indirectly depending on human perspective. The paper, therefore, aimed to philosophically analyze the Principle of Sufficient Reason to explain the notion of a divine reality. This analytical philosophical research employs the descriptive and conceptual analysis approaches and reveals that PSR, like other concepts, is not only improbable, but is also contradictory to divine knowledge. It concludes that although PSR uses contradictory terms such as “necessity” and “contingency” and fails to provide adequate justification for the existence of a divine reality, it could be justified that a “Divine Reality” (God or necessary being) must have a “sufficient reason” to exist.

PHILOSOPHICAL APPRAISAL OF THE PROBLEM OF FACEBOOK COMMUNITY STANDARDS VIS-A-VIS S.L ANDERSON & M. ANDERSON PROBLEMS OF MACHINE ETHICS Jecinta C Nwobi; Chinedu Ifeakor
Jurnal Ilmu Sosiologi Dialektika Kontemporer Vol. 11, No. 1, Januari-Juni 2023
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The twenty-first century world is increasingly being populated by autonomous artificial machines equipped with sophisticated artificial intelligence (AI) technologies. Facebook in 2018 made a breakthrough with the introduction of some ethically modeled policies known as the Facebook Community Standards. Facebook Community Standards can be described as an Artificial Moral Agent whose policy rationale is to create a safe space for users by prohibiting contents that contradict some universal moral standards. This paper using the research methodology of analysis attempts to identify the ethical problem (s) surrounding the enforcement of Facebook Community Standards and evaluate the identified problem (s) vis a vis M. Anderson and S.L Andersons’ postulations on problems facing the development of machine ethics. M. Anderson & S.L Anderson postulated that the major issues facing the development of machine ethics is the question about the possibility or impossibility of computing ethics into machines posed by ethical issues of moral relativism, moral universalism, ethical emotivism, moral consciousness among others. Akin these ethical issues, this work observed that the users of Facebook are unjustly punished and segregated by the non-relative nature of the Community Standards to their individual moral and social values. Recommending as a solution to this problem, the research proposed the inclusion of the relativism to the enforcement of the community standards, that is, the universalism of the standards enforcement globally should take into view the reality of non-uniformity of ethical and moral values.

Cosmocentric and Deep Ecology Movement: An Extreme Web of Valuing Nature Kemi Anthony Emina
Jurnal Ilmu Sosiologi Dialektika Kontemporer Vol 11, No 2 (2023)
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The core concern in environmental ethics is non-anthropocentrism, and the pursuit of environmental justice would be an unproductive endeavour without addressing this concept. The feasibility of non-anthropocentrism, strictly defined, poses a significant challenge. The consideration of the Deep Ecology movement, without engaging in circular reasoning, allows for the contemplation of non-anthropocentrism. However, it is widely speculated that the implementation of a Deep Ecology initiative is a plausible option. The philosophical framework of deep ecology is characterised as having metaphysical underpinnings. Environmental ethics are inherently practical and have real-world applications. However, the subject matter of environmental ethics has transitioned from the metaphysical realm. A major issue that ensues pertains to the potential incongruity between the Deep Ecology movement, which can be characterised as a metaphysical or ontological theoretical framework that is non-anthropocentric in its nature, and environmental ethics, which is primarily concerned with practical and applied aspects. Given the metaphysical nature of deep ecology, the question arises as to how it aligns with practical or applied ethics. Numerous scholars believe that, within the realm of environmental ethics, deep ecology, or cosmocentrism, lacks substantial pertinence. Cosmocentrism can be characterised as having metaphysical or ontological foundations. This study aims to investigate the concept of cosmocentrism as a fundamental aspect of promoting environmental justice. The term “extreme” is applicable in this context since it delineates the boundaries of environmental ethics.

Prevalence and Measures for Curbing Ponzi Schemes in Public Tertiary Institutions in Nigeria Christopher Chimaobi Ibekwe
Jurnal Ilmu Sosiologi Dialektika Kontemporer Vol 11, No 2 (2023)
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The Nigerian business space is witnessing an upsurge in unregulated investment proposals that are promising unreasonable returns on investment. This paper examined prevalence and measures for curbing Ponzi schemes in Public tertiary institutions in Nigeria. Rationale choice theory, and mixed methods research design were employed. The study population was sixty-eight thousand, three hundred and fifty (68,350), while the sample size was one thousand and ninety-three (1,093) undergraduates. Multi-stage and purposive sampling techniques were used in selecting study participants. Data were generated using structured questionnaire and in-depth interviews (IDI) guide. Through the aid of SPSS quantitative data were processed and analysed using frequency distribution, percentages, graphic illustration and chi-square (x2) inferential statistics, while qualitative data were analyzed thematically. The findings revealed that undergraduates involve in Ponzi schemes and greater proportion of them have had up to 5 years of involvement. The study also showed that between 50% to 70% of the students had invested in a Ponzi scheme. It again indicated that money they invested in Ponzi schemes was very much. This paper concludes that there is prevalence of Ponzi schemes in public tertiary institutions, and that undergraduates spent significant part of their academic years gambling in those schemes. Therefore, it recommended amongst others that, financial crimes monitoring commissions and agencies in the country should intensify their efforts in the fight against fraud by deploying technology in tracking and clamping down Ponzi schemes once they are floated. This approach will give them no chance to spread to the public domain.

Ecotourism and Community Participation Maxwell-Borjor Achuk Eba; Cklaimz Dorn Enamhe
Jurnal Ilmu Sosiologi Dialektika Kontemporer Vol 11, No 2 (2023)
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The term ecotourism generally refers to environmentally responsible or sustainable tourism. The extent of care and attention a homeowner puts into their house should be applied to ecotourism. Low-impact visitor behaviour, understanding and gratitude for local cultures and biodiversity, support for ecotourism conservation efforts, sustainable benefits to local communities, visitor participation in decision-making, and educational components for both the visitor and the ecotourism visitor are all characteristics of ecotourism. Ecotourism can also supplement maintenance and protection costs for protected areas and other natural areas. Ecotourism can also provide a sustainable economic development alternative for local communities with limited livelihood options. For rural people, ecotourism generates new sources of income and livelihood. This allows impoverished rural residents to expand their livelihoods and creates economic incentives to preserve natural resources. However, the extent to which these people benefit from ecotourism is contingent upon their participation in and control over the tourism industry. Ecotourism and community participation are the study's essence. This paper contends that community integration necessitates skill development and capacity building through the training of village adolescents in tourism business skills. These adolescents can establish a village-level institution to operate the ecotourism enterprise for rural community capacity building, infrastructure development, and profit sharing. Additionally, this institution would contribute to the conservation of natural resources and biodiversity. At the conclusion of the study, a structure for operationalizing community-based ecotourism management was proposed.

Humanitarian Law: A Synopsis on Perspectives and Challenges in the 21st Century Miebaka Nabiebu
Jurnal Ilmu Sosiologi Dialektika Kontemporer Vol 11, No 2 (2023)
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The perception of the application of international humanitarian law for both State and non-State actors in current wars is challenged by a wide range of factors related to the evolving character of warfare in the twenty-first century. The overarching goal of IHL is jeopardised by these problems, which include but are not limited to: ambiguity in the definition of violent conflict; the shifting types of actors involved; problems with asymmetric warfare; difficulties with negative reciprocity; and a limited capacity to engage with all parties to conflict. This work discusses these issues under two subtopics: transnational terrorism and the jus ad bellum, and the jus in bello and asymmetry. This work is of the opinion that formal modifications to IHL to more accurately reflect conditions will not be established anytime soon due to the sometimes-ineffective character of the international system and the lack of consensus over new legislation. This work suggests that, as a result, it is in the best interests of all parties to non-international conflicts to strive for greater adherence to the IHL standards now in place. This work further suggests that this can only be done if States acknowledge the urgent need for inclusive engagement with all non-State actors. In order to further advance the ultimate purpose of international humanitarian law—the alleviation of human suffering and the preservation of human dignity in the face of deadly armed conflict—practises of positive reciprocity must also be adhered to by all parties.

Gandhian Perspective of Development Kemi Anthony Emina
Jurnal Ilmu Sosiologi Dialektika Kontemporer Vol. 11, No. 1, Januari-Juni 2023
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We are living in an age in which the major concerns of people are Facebook, WhatsApp, e-mail, e-commerce, sensex, gross domestic product, markets, dividends, globalisation, horse-trade politics, and such other aspects of commerce, economics, development, and politics. In such a stage, where does the value-based development, purity of means and ends, production by the masses instead of mass production, truth, non-violence, non-possession, gender equality, austerity in life, etc. preached by our Father of the Nation, Mahatma Gandhi, stand? The world has changed drastically in its inner and outer spheres; the life rhythm has turned totally in its core. In such a time, the ideals of Gandhian teaching seem ‘utopian’ and superficial to the new-gen, high-tech civilised individuals and groups. This work contains a detailed study of the prevalent development strategies and their drawbacks and lapses that make the situation more aggravating. It also analyses the Gandhian prescriptions for development and their significance in the modern world.

Environmental Law Enforcement: A Reevaluation Stephen Adi Odey
Jurnal Ilmu Sosiologi Dialektika Kontemporer Vol. 11, No. 1, Januari-Juni 2023
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Environmental deterioration has continued to pose severe difficulties for Nigeria's health and economic growth. Deforestation, pollution, global warming, and inappropriate pesticide use are a few of these issues. Nigeria appears to be in a degenerative state despite environmental laws and policies aimed at improving these issues since these regulations are not properly implemented. This essay examines how several Nigerian enforcement organisations apply environmental regulations, the strategies they employ, and the difficulties they have in upholding the pertinent legislation. The low-level environmental protection provisions in the constitution, the roles and disputes in environmental management, the courts' excessive commitment to legalism, and the lack of information disclosure requirements are some of these difficulties. Therefore, the legislative goals are not met because of the following: insufficient punishment for noncompliance; insufficient time between noncompliance and enforcement; inadequate compensation for injured parties; and administrative rather than criminal or remedial measures for certain environmental crimes. The report promotes the formation of environmental courts, the emergence of environmental crises, the development of processes to increase public engagement in Nigerian environmental protection, and the encouragement of litigation in the public and private interest.

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Home Page

OAI Link

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Reviewer

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Abstract

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Contact Name
-

Contact Email
-

Phone
-

Journal Mail Official
-

Editorial Address
-

Location
Kota makassar,

Sulawesi selatan

INDONESIA