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Pandecta
Published by Universitas Negeri Semarang
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Core Subject : Social,
Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice
Terbit dua kali setahun bulan Januari dan Juli. Berisi tulisan yang diangkat dari hasil penelitian dan kajian analitis kritis di bidang Ilmu Hukum
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Articles 30 Documents
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Search results for , issue "Vol 15, No 2 (2020): December" : 30 Documents clear
Analisis Hukum Kedaulatan Digital Indonesia Yuniarti, Siti; Herawati, Erni
Pandecta Research Law Journal Vol 15, No 2 (2020): December
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/pandecta.v15i2.18293

Abstract

AbstrakPerkembangan TIK, khususnya internet, memunculkan berbagai aktivitas melalui ruang siber (cyberspace) yang memunculkan manfaat dan resiko secara bersamaan. Dalam perspektif negara, pemanfaatan TIK dapat dioptimalkan untuk menjalankan fungsi negara dalam mewujudkan kesejahteraan masyarakat. Guna mendorong pemanfaatan dalam ruang siber secara optimal, diskusi mengenai kedaulatan negara dalam ruang siber menjadi salah satu pertanyaan mendasar. Penegakan kedaulatan digital oleh negara kerap pula diperlukan untuk meminimalisasi efek negatif yang timbul pada lingkup politik, sosial, ekonomi, budaya dan keamanan nasional. Olehkarenanya, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat bagaimana kedaulatan digital diinterprestasikan oleh Indonesia melalui instrumen pemerintahan. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian tahap awal yang memerlukan penelitian lanjutan. Menggunakan metode yuridis normatif, penelitian awal ini menyimpulkan bahwa dalam rangka pembentukan kedaulatan digital oleh negara, Indonesia saat ini memusatkan pada pembentukan cyber territory dan sumber daya manusia sebagai langkah awal untuk membangun kedaulatan digital. Namun, Indonesia belum memiliki regulasi pada level undang-undang yang secara khusus mengatur mengenai perlindungan data pribadi.The development of ICT's, especially the internet, has led to various activities through cyberspace that has generated benefits and risks simultaneously—from a state's perspective, using ICTs to carry out the state's function in externalizing the welfare's society. To optimize cyberspace's utilization, the discussion on state sovereignty in cyberspace is one of the fundamental questions. The state's enforcement of digital sovereignty is often needed to minimize the adverse effects on political, social, economic, cultural, and national security. Therefore, this research goal is to analyze how Indonesia interprets digital sovereignty through government instruments. This research is early-stage research that requires further research. This preliminary study concludes that Indonesia is currently focusing on developing cyber territory and human resources as a first step to develop Indonesia's digital sovereignty. However, the protection of personal data has not been covered by a specific personal data act at this moment.
Kebijakan Penal Mengenai Kriminalisasi dan Penalisasi terhadap Korporasi (Analisis terhadap Undang-undang bidang Lingkungan Hidup) Ali, Mahrus
Pandecta Research Law Journal Vol 15, No 2 (2020): December
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/pandecta.v15i2.23833

Abstract

Penelitian bertujuan untuk menganalisis kebijakan penal mengenai kriminalisasi terhadap korporasi dalam undang-undang bidang lingkungan hidup. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian hukum normative dengan menggunakan pendekatan perundang-undangan dan konseptual. Hasil penelitian ini mengungkap bahwa hanya UU PPPH dan UU PPLH yang mengatur tentang tindak pidana oleh korporasi dengan mengadopsi doktrin identifikasi dan teori pelaku fungsional. Kriteria penentuan pertanggungjawaban pidana korporasi hanya ditemukan pengaturannya di dalam UU PPLH, yaitu sepanjang pengurus mempunyai kedudukan fungsional dalam struktur organisasi korporasi yang bersangkutan. Oleh karena itu, teori strict liability perlu diadopsi terutama untuk delik-delik yang bergantung kepada persyaratan administratif. Keempat UU yang diteliti mengatur sanksi pidana bagi korporasi meskipun ancaman pidananya bervariasi dan relatif berat. Sayangnya, ketentuan tersebut tidak diikuti dengan aturan pelaksanaan pidana sehingga berpengaruh kepada penerapan aturan tersebut di tahap aplikasi karena pelaku lebih memilih menjalani pidana kurungan daripada membayar denda. This research is aimed at analyzing penal policy on criminalization against corporation in the Laws related to environment. By using normative legal research accompanied by statutue and conceptual approaches, this study reveals that offense to corporation is only formulated in both Illegal Logging Act and Environmental Protection and Management Act (EPMA) adopting doctrine of identification and functioneel daaderschap. Meanwhile, only EPMA that formulates the criteria for corporate official to be criminally liability for the offense as long as he acts as a functional position in the corporate structure. It is also suggested to adopt strict liabity for administrative dependent of criminal law. All Acts determine the criminal sanction for the petpetrators in the various severity of punishment. This study also found that the strafmodus for fine in those Acts was not formulated. Hence, they prefer to choose short imprisonment then that of fine. This will give impact to the application of the provision.
Inkonsistensi Pertanggungjawaban Pidana Korporasi dalam Peraturan Perundang-Undangan di Luar KUHP Sanjaya, Bahari; Muladi, Muladi; Sari, Ratna Kumala
Pandecta Research Law Journal Vol 15, No 2 (2020): December
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/pandecta.v15i2.23013

Abstract

KUHP tidak mengakui korporasi sebagai subjek hukum karena KUHP masih menganut asas “universitas delinquere non potest”. Pengaturan pertanggungjawaban pidana terhadap korporasi hanya dikenal dalam peraturan perundang-undangan di luar KUHP. Namun, peraturan tersebut menimbulkan ketidakkonsistenan dalam regulasi pertanggungjawaban pidana korporasi seperti dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 20 Tahun 2001 tentang Pemberantasan Korupsi (UU Tipikor) )dan Undang-Undang Nomor 8 Tahun 2010 tentang Pencegahan dan Pemberantasan Tindak Pidana Pencucian Uang (UU PPTPPU) yang mengakibatkan ketidakseragaman dalam pertanggungjawaban pidana terhadap korporasi. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menganalisis dan mendeskripsikan penyebab dan dampak inkonsistensi pengaturan pertanggungjawaban pidana korporasi dalam UU Tipikor dan UU PPTPPU. Pendekatan yang digunakan untuk mengkaji permasalahan ini yaitu pendekatan perundang-undangan. Penelitian ini menunjukan adanya inkonsistensi pengaturan pertanggungjawaban pidana terhadap korporasi dalam UU Tipikor dan UU PPTPPU, karena di dalam KUHP masih tidak mengenal korporasi sebagai subjek hukum pidana sehingga dampaknya adanya disparitas putusan hakim dalam menjatuhkan putusan terhadap korporasi yang melakukan tindak pidana. The Criminal Code does not recognize corporations as a legal subject because the Criminal Code still adheres to the principle of "university delinquent non-potest". Criminal liability arrangements for corporations are only known in-laws and regulations outside the Criminal Code. However, these regulations cause inconsistencies in the regulation of corporate criminal liability as in Law Number 20 of 2001 concerning Corruption Eradication (Corruption Law) and Law Number 8 of 2010 concerning Prevention and Eradication of Money Laundering (PPTPPU Law) which results in non-uniformity in criminal liability towards the corporation. This study aims to analyze and describe the causes and effects of inconsistencies in the regulation of corporate criminal responsibility in the Corruption Law and the PPTPPU Law. The approach used to study this problem is the statutory approach. This study shows that there are inconsistencies in the regulation of criminal liability towards corporations in the Corruption Law and the PPTPPU Law. The character of economic crime is increasingly complex, which affects the regulation of corporate criminal responsibility, including politics and the background of the birth of laws in the economic field. The impact is a disparity judge's decision in issuing a decision against a corporation that commits a criminal offense.
Penyalahgunaan Keadaan (Misbruik van Omstagdigheden) dalam Kesepakatan Perjanjian Kredit Mulyati, Etty
Pandecta Research Law Journal Vol 15, No 2 (2020): December
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/pandecta.v15i2.19527

Abstract

Perjanjian kredit perbankan dalam praktik dibuat dalam bentuk perjanjian baku yang isinya ditentukan secara sepihak oleh pihak bank sebagai pihak yang dominan, sedangkan pihak debitur hanya dapat menyetujuinya dan dengan terpaksa menerima semua persyaratan yang sudah dibakukan oleh pihak bank. Ketidakseimbangan kedudukan para pihak dalam perjanjian baku, dapat dimanfaatkan oleh pihak yang dominan untuk melakukan penyalahgunaan keadaan dan pihak yang kedudukannya lebih rendah akan mengalami keadaan yang kurang menguntungkan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis bagaimana penyalahgunaan keadaan dalam kesepakatan perjanjian kredit perbankan. Penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif analitis dengan menggunakan pendekatan yuridis normatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa penyalahgunaan keadaan tidak hanya berhubungan dengan isi perjanjian, tetapi juga berhubungan dengan apa yang telah terjadi pada saat lahirnya perjanjian. Debitur yang sangat membutuhkan dana, sebagai pihak yang berada dalam keadaan darurat dapat dengan terpaksa menyetujui isi perjanjian kredit walaupun persyaratannya sangat memberatkan, sementara pihak bank secara ekonomi dan psikologis mempunyai kedudukan yang lebih kuat. Di Indonesia penyalahgunaan keadaan belum diatur secara jelas dalam KUHPerdata. Diperlukan adanya perubahan dan pengembangan KUHPerdata terkait penyalahgunaan keadaan agar terjadi keseimbangan antara penerapan asas kebebasan berkontrak dan penerapan asas kepatutan, keadilan dan keseimbangan.
Implementation of Sharia Compliance to Optimize Zakat Governance in the Frontier and Outermost Regions in Indonesia Kaffah, Nurfahmi Islami; Susetyo, Heru
Pandecta Research Law Journal Vol 15, No 2 (2020): December
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/pandecta.v15i2.24162

Abstract

This research is a juridical and empirical study about the implementation of sharia compliance based on Law no. 23 the year 2011 on the Management of Zakat. BAZNAS, as the zakat management authority under the government, must implement good governance based on Islamic Sharia principles, trustworthiness, benefit, justice, legal certainty, integrated and accountability as a mandate from the zakat regulation. Sharia compliance is the main aspect in the management of zakat which consists the rules and the principles of sharia are essentially listed in the Qur’an, Hadith and developed in zakat fiqh related to principles of collecting and management of zakat, such as subject dan object of zakat, nisab and haul and the utilization and empowerment of zakat property. This study discusses the regulatory aspects of sharia compliance in the management of zakat, sharia principle in the operation of zakat, the stakeholders, indicators, reporting and auditing systems, and the benefits of implementing sharia compliance in zakat management. The research field was conducted in six ProvinceS in Indonesia (Aceh, West Nusa Tenggara, East Kalimantan Province, East Nusa Tenggara, North Sulawesi, Gorontalo). The implementation of sharia compliance in zakat institutions began to be effective in 2018 after the Decree of the Ministry of Religious Affairs Number 733 in 2018 concerning sharia audit guidelines for zakat management reports. The implementation of sharia compliance has a positive correlation with the implementation of good governance in the management of zakat institutions because it is associated with increased accountability and responsibility of zakat institutions. Sharia compliance is a strategic issue in achieving best practices in the management of zakat institutions, especially in ensuring legal certainty and trust in the community to optimize the empowerment of zakat in Indonesia.
Local Autonomy and Federalism: How Indonesia Deal with Democracy in the Global Governance? Rodiyah Rodiyah; Ridwan Arifin; Steven Steven
Pandecta Research Law Journal Vol 15, No 2 (2020): December
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/pandecta.v15i2.23268

Abstract

Most countries in the world choose the form of Federal state or Unity within organizing a government. The selection of this form of state based on political, s­ocial will include the culture and history of a country. Each form of this country has advantages and disadvantages. The Unitary State emphasizes the administration of government in the government centers and regions in the province do not have extensive autonomy in managing their regions. Unlike the Federal State, where the position of the Federal State and the State are equal. The concept of federalism has been applied in many countries. The state is given the widest possible autonomy to take care of their area. Regional autonomy aims to improve community service, develop democratic life, and encourage the community empowerment to foster creativity. Regional autonomy also has a positive impact and a negative impact on the region. This paper intends to analyze the concept of federalism and regional autonomy with practical analysis in Indonesia.
Efektifitas Pengaturan dan Pengawasan Bisnis Financial Technology (Peer to Peer Lending) di Indonesia Kornelius Benuf; Ery Agus Priyono; Siti Mahmudah; Siti Malikhatun Badriyah; Bagus Rahmanda; Amiek Soemarmi
Pandecta Research Law Journal Vol 15, No 2 (2020): December
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/pandecta.v15i2.21777

Abstract

In the industrial era 4.0 as it is now, the ease and speed of getting something are highly sought after, including the ease and speed of obtaining financial services. Financial Technology (Fintech) is a digital commercial service that offers and provides convenience and speed of financial services. The emergence of Fintech certainly makes it easy for people to get financial assistance. But as a state of law, Indonesia must regulate Fintech's business practices. Including the implementation of Fintech's business, it must be controlled and monitored by existing laws in Indonesia, not just stopping the formation of the rules, but also must be ensured that the rules apply effectively. This study aims to describe the basis for Fintech's business arrangements in Indonesia and will explain the effectiveness of the regulation in society. The writing method used is normative juridical, with a statutory approach, using secondary data by analyzing primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials. Based on the research results, it is known that in Indonesia, Fintech's business is regulated by three institutions, namely the Ministry of Communication and Information, Bank Indonesia, and the Financial Services Authority. Regarding the effectiveness of the rules regarding the implementation of Fintech in Indonesia has not been going well because there are still shortages both in terms of legal structure, a legal substance, and legal culture.
Analisis Kritis Terhadap Kebijakan Percepatan Investasi Dan Kemudahan Berusaha di Era Otonomi Daerah Aziz Widhi Nugroho; Lita Tyesta Addy; Listya Wardhani
Pandecta Research Law Journal Vol 15, No 2 (2020): December
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/pandecta.v15i2.21094

Abstract

The government is pushing for an increase in the pace of investment by organizing the Investment Award activities in 2018. The Wonogiri Regency Government shows proud results with the ISO 9001: 2015 rating, this has an impact on the investment rates that are being applied by the region for anyone who wants to contribute to investing in Wonogiri. Pro investment policies that have been proven by the district government need to be accompanied by improved regulations that do not hamper the rate of investors investing in Wonogiri. Regulations that are more easily supported by the OSS (Online Single Submissions) system, should make it easier for businesses to try in Wonogiri. This is important in order to increase employment opportunities and Regional Original Revenues which affect development, both physical and non-physical aspects. Adequate infrastructure development can increase economic growth that can increase investors entering Wonogiri. This study uses normative juridical with the consideration that the starting point of research analysis of laws and regulations that open opportunities for mal administration. The plan, prepared by the government, will add locations for the designation of industrial estates, which in total number 14 sub-districts. This needs to be prepared carefully related to the place that is intended for the industrial zone in order to attract foreign and local investors.
Model Pencegahan Tindak Pidana Terorisme Berbasis Adat Dalihan Na Tolu di Tapanuli Selatan Anwar Sadat Harahap; Taufik Siregar
Pandecta Research Law Journal Vol 15, No 2 (2020): December
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/pandecta.v15i2.24678

Abstract

Beberapa tahun terakhir telah sering terdengar melalui media elektronik tentang tindakan terorisme di Indonesia. Tindak terorisme ini muncul, karena selain kurang tegas, adil dan bermanfaatnya materi pengaturan hukum tentang pencegahan tindak terorisme, juga disebabkan oleh kurang diberdayakannya potensi masyarakat adat dalam mencegah tindak terorisme. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: 1) Pencegahan tindak pidana terorisme berdasarkan adat Dalihan na Tolu di Tapanuli Selatan dilakukan dengan aturan yang tercantum dalam: Filosofi adat adat Dalihan na Tolu, Sipaingot, Tutur dan Uhum dohot Patik 2) Jenis sanksi yang dikenakan kepada teroris: Sappal Dila, Dibondarkon, Dipaorot sian Marga, Dipaulak Salipi Natartar, dan Uhum Hatoban. Various criminal acts of terrorism continue to occur in Indonesia; even the numbers increase from year to year. These various acts of terrorism have arisen because, in addition to being less assertive, the legal provisions concerning the prevention of terrorist acts. Besides, the lack of involvement of indigenous peoples in preventing acts of terrorism as regulated in Article 43B paragraph (4) of Law Number 5 the Year 2018. This study aims to determine the role of Dalihan na Tolu adat in the prevention of criminal acts of terrorism. The research method used is empirical legal research methods. Prevention of criminal acts of terrorism carried out through the rules stated in philosophy, Sipaingot, Tutur, and Uhum dohot Poda. Then the traditional leaders' strategy in preventing the crime of terrorism is done by Providing examples of exemplary, Providing duties in maintaining security and order, Involving the community in every customary activity, and presenting children in customary activities. Furthermore, the types of sanctions imposed on terrorism offenders are: Dibondarkon sanctions (not involved in traditional activities), Sappal Dila sanctions (inviting people to eat in the same village), Dipaorot sian Huta sanctions (issued from villages), Dipaorot sian Marga sanctions (issued from the Marga), sanctions Diapaulak Salipi Natartar (returned to the communal land).
Berdamai dengan Para Pencuri (As-Sulhu sebagai Cara Penyelesaian Pencurian di Batang Kumu) Salma Salma; Ritonga Najuddin; Masna Yunita
Pandecta Research Law Journal Vol 15, No 2 (2020): December
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/pandecta.v15i2.24299

Abstract

Pencurian adalah kejahatan universal dan dihukum berat para pelakunya dalam setiap komunitas masyarakat. Hukum Islam menjelaskan bahwa pencurian termasuk kategori hudud dengan hukuman tertinggi potong tangan. Berbeda dengan Indonesia, pencuri dihukum dengan hukuman penjara dan tertinggi dengan hukuman mati seperti yang dijelaskan dalam pasal 362-367 KUHP. Di wilayah Batang Kumu, Riau kasus pencurian tidak diselesaikan oleh kepolisian tetapi diselesaikan secara adat oleh para tetua dengan mendamaikan kedua pihak dan di dalamnya terlibat kepolisian. Jenis penelitian adalah penelitian lapangan dengan teknik pengumpulan data melalui wawancara mendalam dengan para pencuri, korban pencurian, tetua adat, perwakilan masyarakat dan ulama lokal. Data juga dikumpulkan melalui studi dokumen dan akhirnya data dianalisis secara deskriptif dengan menggunakan teknik reduksi, display dan verifikasi (penarikan kesimpulan). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa cukup banyak kasus pencurian yang terjadi di wilayah Batang Kumu. Pencurian itu dilakukan oleh warga sekitar Batang Kumu, sehingga Kepala Desa mengeluarkan imbauan yang berisi tentang peringatan dan ancaman adat bagi orang yang mencuri. Kasus-kasus pencurian diselesaikan melalui perdamaian dan tetua agama dan adat menjadi mediator atau juru perdamaian antara orang yang mencuri dan korban pencurian serta disaksikan oleh sebagian warga masyarakat. Model perdamaian itu bisa dibenarkan dalam konsep as-sulhu karena pencurian sebagai bagian dari hudud bisa dimaafkan selama kasus itu belum sampai pada pihak berwenang. Uniknya, di antara hukuman adat yang diberikan adalah hukuman kurungan setidaknya selama satu minggu di tahanan kepolisian atas nama pinjaman polisi kepada para tetua adat. Theft is a universal crime and severely punished by the perpetrators in every community. Islamic law explains that the theft is one of the hudud categories with the severest punishment for cutting hand. Meanwhile, in Indonesia, a thief is sentenced to imprisonment, and the severest punishment is a death penalty, as described in articles 362-367 of the Criminal Code (KUHP). In the Batang Kumu area, Riau Province, the theft cases were not resolved by the law but were resolved customarily by reconciling the two parties and involved police institutions. The field research used in-depth interviews with thieves, victims of the theft, religious elders, and community representatives. Data collected through document studies. The results showed that there were a quite number of theft cases occurred in the Batang Kumu area. The theft was carried out by residents around Batang Kumu, so the village head issued an appeal containing warnings and common threats for theft. The theft cases resolved peacefully. Religious and customary elders have become mediators or peacekeepers between victims and the thief (s). Some people of the community witnessed the reconciliations. The model of reconciliation justified as a sulhu concept.  Theft is part of hudud, and forgiven is possible as long as it has not reached the police office yet. Uniquely, one of the customary punishments which sentence of imprisonment at least one week in police custody in the name of a police loan to the traditional elders.

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