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CHEMICA Jurnal Teknik Kimia

CHEMICA
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Published by Universitas Ahmad Dahlan

ISSN : 2355875X EISSN : 23558776 DOI : 10.26555

Core Subject : Science, Engineering,

Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Energy

CHEMICA Jurnal Teknik Kimia ISSN, 2355-875X (print) 2355-8776 (online) is a journal that publishes manuscripts or scientific papers in Chemical Engineering. The scope of this journal covers chemical reaction techniques, separation, optimization, process control, process system engineering, waste treatment, food and material technology. Journals are published in print and online twice a year, in June and December by Chemical Engineering Program, Faculty of Industrial Technology, Universitas Ahmad Dahlan Yogyakarta.

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Articles 189 Documents

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Simulasi Optimasi Reactive Distillation untuk Membuat Bioaditif (Triasetin) dari Gliserol dan Asam Asetat dengan Katalis Asam Sulfat Menggunakan Software Aspen Plus Chici Wardiani Prasongko; Fitri Ramdani; Zahrul Mufrodi
CHEMICA: Jurnal Teknik Kimia Vol 5, No 2 (2018): Desember 2018
Publisher : Universitas Ahmad Dahlan

Biodiesel is one product to avoid the energy crisis in the front mass. Oil from plants such as oil palm, coconut, jatropha, or used cooking oil produces glycerol as a by-product of about 10 wt% of biodiesel products. The excess amount of glycerol must be converted into high-value products. Because if glycerol is not processed properly, the price of glycerol in the market will drop and it will become a waste that can pollute the environment. One of the derivatives of glycerol which has a high value is triacetin which is a good bio-additive as an anti-knock substance in vehicles. From this study, the synthesis of triacetin is from glycerol and acetic acid using sulfuric acid as a catalyst using the Reactive Distillation (RD) process. RD can be used as a reaction place and at the same time as a product refining place. RD can separate water with acetic acid as a distillate product for about 75% on the bottom product. The bottom product of RD will produce triacetin and other derivatives which will be separated again using the second column to obtain high purity triacetin. The purpose of this study is to simulate using Aspen Plus software to model the optimization of RD with a continuous system. The feed capacity of 96% glycerol was 4336.4550 kg/hour and 98% acetate acid was 8659.79 kg/hour in the liquid phase with the help of a sulfuric acid catalyst of 115.4592 kg/hour. The feed enters continuously into RD with a temperature of 115 Â°C and a pressure of 1 atm. The simulation results show that triacetin products can reach 99% as many as 10150.8561 kg/hour with glycerol conversion of 99.8% and 30 stages in RD. Besides that, the simulation results can also show the flow rate of each stage and the dimensions of RD.

BIOGAS FROM SOLID WASTE OF TOFU PRODUCTION AND COW MANURE MIXTURE: COMPOSITION EFFECT Lailan Ni'mah
CHEMICA: Jurnal Teknik Kimia Vol 1, No 1 (2014): Juni 2014
Publisher : Universitas Ahmad Dahlan

The demand of conventional energy (fossil fuel) is increasing as the human population growth. The fuel from petroleum is the energy source from fossil fuel which is un-renewable, the price is also tend to me more expensive due to the absence of demand and supply balance. The fuel crisis indicate that the fossil fuel belong to Indonesia is decreasing. The limited of fosil fuel lead to the need to the development of renewable energy and energy conservation. One of the alternative energy is biogas which can be produced from solid waste of tofu production (SWTP). Tofu production waste has high acidity so that it needs a buffer in biogas production. One of the buffer which can be utilized is cow manure.The experiment was done in a batch anaerobic reactor. As many as 800 ml of sample was entered to the reactor with the capacity of 1 L, then incubated in an anaerobic condition in the room at the temperature of 25-30oC within 30 days. There are 8 variation apply in this research, they are KS:KT=100:0, 75:25, 50:50, 25:75 and 0:100 at VS of 3%, and KS:AT 50:50 at VS of 2%, 4% and 5%. The measured parameter is the biogas volume, methane concentration, carbon dioxide concentration, the ratio of C vs N, total solid (TS) and volatile solid content (VS), volatile fatty acid (VFA), pH and temperature. The gas volume measurement was done every day using gasholder while methane concentration was measured by gas chromatography (GC).Research results shows that the composition of cow manure and SWTP at VS of 3% KS:AT = 50:50 shows the highest methane concentration. Optimal retention time to increase the production of biogas is start 14-28 days with the improvement methane concentration is 68,98% at 21st day.

PENGARUH METODE KOAGULASI, SEDIMENTASI DAN VARIASI FILTRASI TERHADAP PENURUNAN KADAR TSS, COD DAN WARNA PADA LIMBAH CAIR BATIK Rahmah Rahmah; Surahma Asti Mulasari
CHEMICA: Jurnal Teknik Kimia Vol 2, No 1 (2015): Juni 2015
Publisher : Universitas Ahmad Dahlan

Batik industry in Indonesia increased so that the impact resulting from the production process in the form of wastewater is increasing. Wastewater disposal after staining and washing process without processing will improve environmental contamination such as TSS, COD, and color levels. The problems of batik wastewater contamination can be resolved by the treatment of wastewater in chemistry and physics. One way batik wastewater treatment is coagulation, sedimentation, and filtration. Filtration media are used as filter media is activated charcoal, quartz sand, and zeolite. The purpose of this research is to determine the effect of the coagulation, sedimentation, and filtration variation method on decreased levels of TSS, COD, and color in the wastewater of batik. The type of this research was a true experiment with a pre-test post-test group design. Samples of this research were batik wastewater with levels of TSS, COD, and the color is 818 mg/ l, 1133.57 mg/ l, and 100 TCU. Data was analyzed using one-way ANOVA. The result after treatment of coagulation, sedimentation, and filtration variety occurs decreased levels of TSS, COD, and color on filtration variation of activated charcoal and quartz sand, respectively for 99.8%, 99.49% and 99.6%, variation of the zeolite filtration and activated charcoal was, 99.6%, 92.31%, and 99.5%, and variations in zeolite filtration and quartz sand were 99.7%, 89.92%, and 99.3%. Based on the statistical test using the ANOVA test on the TSS levels were obtained p= 0.190, while the COD was obtained a value of p= 0.008 and the value of color was p= 0.017. The methods of coagulation, sedimentation, and filtration variation using activated charcoal, quartz sand, and zeolite can reduce TSS, COD, and color levels. There is no difference between the variation of filtration to decrease levels of TSS, while there is a difference between the variation filtration to decreased levels of effluent COD and color Batik.

Pupuk Organik dari Limbah Pabrik Gula Madukismo dengan Starter Mikrobia Pengurai Untuk Menambah Kandungan N, P, K Ratna Sri Harjanti
CHEMICA: Jurnal Teknik Kimia Vol 4, No 1 (2017): Juni 2017
Publisher : Universitas Ahmad Dahlan

AbstrakÂ Blotong is sugar mill waste slude in the form of dark, often dumped, causing pollution and odor. Blotong produce about 3,8 % of cane milled by a sugar factory unit. While vinasse is waste water generated from the process of making alcohol. In the process of making one liter of alcohol will produce as much as 13 liters of vinasse. Vinasse contain many elements K, while blotong contains a lot of elements of N, P, dan Ca. This allows for composting blotong with the addition of vinasse to produce organis fertilizer. Blotong and vinasse may be seen in the PG Madukismo.Organic fertilizer through composting mixture of blotong and vinasse using microbial starter EM-4 and X-Compost can be done easily in the home environment. To determine the optimum process conditions to produce organic fertilizer, need to be varied ratio of blotong and vinasse. Composting reaction carried out for thirty days with observed in temperature and pH. Further analysis of N, P, K and C/N ratio.Based on the results obtained, the use of starter microbes X compost more prospective than using starter microbes EM-4. The compost produced by the starter microbes X-compost contains N, P, K which is much higher than the compost produced by the starter micobes EM-4. As for the addition of vinasse, will give optimum results in the addition of vinasse 25% of the weigth of blotong.Â Keywords: blotong, vinasse, compost, microbe

Identifikasi Pengaruh Umur Simpan dan Antioksidan Terhadap Kandungan Karbohidrat dan Kadar Air Pada Mie Tapioka Basah Titisari Juwitaningtyas; Amalya Nurul Khairi
CHEMICA: Jurnal Teknik Kimia Vol 5, No 1 (2018): Juni 2018
Publisher : Universitas Ahmad Dahlan

Wet tapioca noodles are a typical food in one of the regions in DIY Province. Traditional processing results in a limited shelf life. Gambir (Uncaria gambir roxb) plants are popular plants to be processed into herbal medicines and nutritious plants. Based on research, gambir has the ability as an antimicrobial and natural antioxidant because of the content of catechins in it. This study aims to identify the effectiveness of using gambir extract as a natural antioxidant in wet tapioca noodle samples. The methodology in this study was carried out by mixing 7% gambir extract into 50 grams of wet tapioca noodles. The finished sample is then treated with storage for 0 days, 3 days, and 5 days. The result of the analysis are in 0 day storage, sample contains antioxidant 80,624 ic50, carbodydrate 41,048 mg, and water 58,575 %. In 3 days storage, sample contains antioxidant 91,048 ic50, carbohydrate 45,744 mg, and water 53,415 %. In 5 days storage, sample contains 94,876 ic50, carbohydrate 60,547 mg, and water 39,100 %. Based on the tests conducted, it appears that there is an increase in the number of antioxidants during the storage period. This is accompanied by increasing carbohydrate content and decreasing water content. Decreasing water content will have an impact on the stability of microbial activity so that it extends shelf life. These results provide the conclusion that gambir extract can provide a longer shelf life effect.

Solid-State Anaerobic Digestion of Rice Straw for Biogas Production : A Review Lukhi Mulia Shitophyta
CHEMICA: Jurnal Teknik Kimia Vol 3, No 1 (2016): Juni 2016
Publisher : Universitas Ahmad Dahlan

AbstractBiogas is one of the alternative fuel Â to decrease the consumption of fossil fuel. Raw materials for biogas production can derive from a wide range of organic wastes including lignocellulosic biomass such as rice straw. Lignocellulosic biomass is abundant and renewable. Biogas production can be processed by solid-state anaerobic digestion. Many factors should be considered on SS-AD, including pretreatment ofÂ raw material. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to provide existing knowledge in SS-AD, factors influencing SS-AD, pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass and identify the preceding researches on the SS-AD.Key words: biogas, solid-state anerobic digestion, lignocellulose, rice straw

Analisis Mutu Pascapanen Melon (Cucumis melo L.) Kultivar Glamour Sakata Selama Penyimpanan Amalya Nurul Khairi; Affan Fajar Falah; Agung Putra Pamungkas
CHEMICA: Jurnal Teknik Kimia Vol 4, No 2 (2017): Desember 2017
Publisher : Universitas Ahmad Dahlan

The aims of this study are to observe the postharvest effect of storage and traditional marketâ€™s material handling on the quality of melon fruit Sakata cultivar. The physical qualities of melon fruit been observed were weight (measured by a scale), diameter and length (by sliding range), also fruit peel and flesh (with Zwick Type Universal Testing Machine DO-FB0.5TS). Chemical qualities of Sakata melon been observed were water content (thermogravimetric), Â°Brix sucrose (refractometer ABBE), pH (pH-meter), total carotene, total acid, and vitamin C with destructive methods.Storaging melon with traditional market method resulted in decreasing the value of physical parameters and increasing chemical parameters. Sakata melon softened during storage with fruit peel texture values was 6.45-8.07 N and fruit flesh texture was 1.4-2.06 N. The weight loss of Sakata melon was 0.06-0.25 kg, diameter dropped 0.0-0.6 cm, and length dropped 0.1- 0.5 cm during storage. Water content decreased from 92.84% to 91.19%. Sucrose content increase with values of 5.74-7.7 oBrix. Vitamin C levels showed a low and fluctuating value, 14.52-19.91 mg/100g. The melon fruit was slightly acidic with pH ranging from 6.2-6.96 and the total acid increased from 0.16 mg ek/100 g on the initial day to 0.31 mg ek/100 g on the eleventh day of storage. The total carotene content of melons ranged between 4.23-5.64 mg/100 g and indicated the flesh color of melon was getting more orange during storage.

Modelling and Simulation of Fermentation Product Purification for Local Vinegar using Batch Distillation Faezah Bt Bakar
CHEMICA: Jurnal Teknik Kimia Vol 1, No 2 (2014): Desember 2014
Publisher : Universitas Ahmad Dahlan

Batch distillation has important due to its flexibility and capability to produce high purity products. The simulation of batch distillation columns during steady state operations is a very challenging modeling problem because of the complex dynamic behaviour. In order to verify this issue, simulation of this batch distillation column is to be performed by using computer aided design software and a mathematical model. This study is required to model and simulate of fermentation product purification using batch distillation. This research was done by using the graphical method and simulating by using MATLAB software that simple model had been presented. The results from these simulations were used as a basis to validate the results obtained (by others) experimentally. In conclusion, distillate and bottoms composition for ethanol drop gradually over time by using the graphical method and the trend from simulation showed that the distillate and bottoms composition for ethanol increase and decrease over the time respectively. The declining trend was due to the unsteady state nature of batch distillation, where the lighter component at the bottoms will deplete over time.

Analisa Perpindahan Panas dan Pengembunan pada Pengembunan Uap Cair dengan Pengembunan Parsial Bertingkat Martomo Setyawan
CHEMICA: Jurnal Teknik Kimia Vol 2, No 2 (2015): Desember 2015
Publisher : Universitas Ahmad Dahlan

Production of charcoal as an alternative fuel have been growth as the solution of the national problem about decreasing energy source from petroleum. Production of charcoal has a useful side product in the form of liquid smoke. The liquid smoke can be used as food preservative in the high grade of liquid smoke and the low grade liquid smoke can be used as wood preservative form termite. The conventional process on production liquid smoke it was using redistillation the raw liquid smoke from direct condensation. This process was consumed lot of energy. Liquid smoke consist of some components which had different boiling point.The aim of this research was to study the influence in using different combination of vertical condensor at the condensation of liquid smoke process fro the making coconut shell charcoal. This research was done by make some coconut shell charcoal and the smoke which was formed was flown passed some condensors.The result of this research shown that condensation of liquid smoke in the vertical condenser occured a contactÂ between condensation down flow and the vapour. The temperature ofÂ the condensation taking point can be adjust by adjusting heat transfer area of the vertical condenser. The tar can be taken at the temperature above 100 0C. The colour of the liquid smoke was lighter with the lower temperature.

Pengaruh Luas Perpindahan Panas Kondensor Terhadap Volume Asap Cair Terkondensasi Hasil Pirolisis Tempurung Kelapa Siti Jamilatun; Nurkholis Nurkholis
CHEMICA: Jurnal Teknik Kimia Vol 3, No 2 (2016): Desember 2016
Publisher : Universitas Ahmad Dahlan

One of the products that can be made from coconut shell is making coconut shell carcoal by pyrolysis. In the pyrolysis process also produced liquid smoke, tar and uncondensed gasses. Liquid smoke is a byproduct of the activated charcoal industry has high economic value when compared with discharged into the atmosphere. Liquid smoke is a substance derived from the change of state to a liquid smoke, this process involves a change in the form of process heat transfer to the refrigerant fumes. Liquid smoke obtained simultaneously with the process of making charcoal (carbonization), smoke arising from incomplete combustion piped so that condensation will occur fluid droplets called liquid smoke. For coconut shell weight of 5 kg and 4 pipes condensor, the optimal volume of liquid smoke is 205 ml with a pyrolysis time 90 minutes and the theory of heat transfer surface area 0.076965 m2. For coconut shell weight of 5 kg and 8 pipes condensor, the optimal volume of liquid smoke is 215 ml with a pyrolysis time 90 minutes and the theory of heat transfer surface area 1.027437 m2. For coconut shell weight of 10 kg and 4 pipes condensor, the optimal volume of liquid is 183 ml with a pyrolysis time 300 minutes and the theory of heat transfer surface area 0.060404 m2. For 10 kg weight coconut shell and 8 pipes condensor, the optimal volume of liquid smoke is 205 ml with a pyrolysis time 210 minutes and the theory of heat transfer surface area 0.066801 m2.

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