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CHEMICA Jurnal Teknik Kimia

CHEMICA
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Published by Universitas Ahmad Dahlan

ISSN : 2355875X EISSN : 23558776 DOI : 10.26555

Core Subject : Science, Engineering,

Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Energy

CHEMICA Jurnal Teknik Kimia ISSN, 2355-875X (print) 2355-8776 (online) is a journal that publishes manuscripts or scientific papers in Chemical Engineering. The scope of this journal covers chemical reaction techniques, separation, optimization, process control, process system engineering, waste treatment, food and material technology. Journals are published in print and online twice a year, in June and December by Chemical Engineering Program, Faculty of Industrial Technology, Universitas Ahmad Dahlan Yogyakarta.

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Articles 189 Documents

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Gasifikasi Biomassa Serbuk Gergaji Kayu Mahoni (Swietenia Mahagoni) untuk Menghasilkan Bahan Bakar Gas sebagai Sumber Energi Terbarukan Astri Nurwidayati; Putri Ayu Sulastri; Destya Ardiyati; Agus Aktawan
CHEMICA: Jurnal Teknik Kimia Vol 5, No 2 (2018): Desember 2018
Publisher : Universitas Ahmad Dahlan

Energy cannot be separated from human life. Increased energy needs for human life that are contradictory to existing fossil fuel sources can cause an energy crisis. Biomass is an alternative energy source that is environmentally friendly, economical and renewable. Biomass energy is derived from plants such as wood, rice hulls, corn head, etc. The process of converting biomass into energy can be done in several ways. They are combustion, pyrolysis, and gasification. Gasification is a technology for converting solid materials into syngas (CO, H2, and CH4) which can be used as a fuel. One of the gasifiers that have been developed is a downdraft system. The solid material we use in this study is a mahogany wood powder which has a cellulose content of up to 46.8%. Through this research, we can find out the effect of the variable of raw materials weight towards the time of flame, the quality of the fire, and the amount of gas produced. The gas produced was tested visually by lighting the fire and instrumentally tested using a tool called Chromatography Gas to determine the composition of the gas. The biggest yield syngas is 70,71% with the 18,000 seconds gas release time on the variable of mahogany wood powder weight of 3500 grams. The highest CH4 and CO Gas concentrations were 1,868% and 15.902% on the variable of 3,500 gram mahogany powder weight. While the highest concentration of H2 gas is 20.965% produced with the variable of 2,500 gram mahogany powder weight. The results of this study indicate that the more feed in the gasifier, the greater the number and composition of syngas and the longer the gas release time.

KINETIKA REAKSI ESTERIFIKASI MINYAK BIJI KAPUK PADA PEMBUATAN BIODIESEL Siti Salamah
CHEMICA: Jurnal Teknik Kimia Vol 1, No 1 (2014): Juni 2014
Publisher : Universitas Ahmad Dahlan

Biodiesel is one of the best solutions to overcome the reduction of oil reserves by utilizing plant oils are converted into fuel. Kapok seed is one of the potential sources of raw materials that can be taken to be used as biodiesel. For the manufacture of biodiesel on a large scale is necessary to design the reactor, the reactor needs to design the data of reaction kinetics.This research was conducted to determine the rate of reaction of biodiesel production. The process was by making kapok seed oil and analyzed the content of FFA, if FFA <2 then the esterification process is done. 150 ml oil inserted in three neck flask and heated to temperature of 50 °C with water bath. While waiting for heating, 57 ml of technical methanol 96 % was mixed with 1.25 grams KOH p.a and stirred for 60 minutes, then either mixing the solution with the oil heated with a water bath. The reaction temperature was maintained at 50oC with stirring speed of 600 rpm for 60 minutes. Inserting the solution into a separator funnel and left for 24 hours to form 2 layers. Separating the two layers. The top layer was biodiesel and the bottom layer was glycerol. Repeating step by step above with the variation of time 60, 75, 90, 105, and 120 minutes. For reaction temperature variable, the process carried out at temperatures 40 °C, 50 °C, 70 °C and 90 °C.The results of this research were the water content of kapok seed is 4.07 % and FFA value was 4.8 % after lowered 1.56 %.Transesterification reaction conditions of oil and methanol mole ratio of 1 : 3, with the stirrer rotation speed of 600 rpm for 105 minutes and the reaction temperature of 90 °C gave the conversion of 0.916 mol (%). The transesterification reaction of kapok seed oil into biodiesel follows the first order reaction. The results of the analysis of biodiesel and the heat test may indicate that it meets the criteria specified in the benchmark Indonesian Biodiesel Quality Standards (RSNI EB 020 551).

KARAKTERISTIK ARANG AKTIF DARI TEMPURUNG KELAPA DENGAN PENGAKTIVASI H2SO4 VARIASI SUHU DAN WAKTU Siti Jamilatun; Siti Salamah; Intan Dwi Isparulita
CHEMICA: Jurnal Teknik Kimia Vol 2, No 1 (2015): Juni 2015
Publisher : Universitas Ahmad Dahlan

Activated charcoal is charcoal that has been activated for increasing its surface area by opening the pores so increases the adsorption power. The surface area of the activated charcoal is between 300 and 3500 m2/g. Adsorption power from activated charcoal is very large, i.e. ¼ to 10 times the weight of activated charcoal. Activated charcoal is a good adsorbent for the adsorption of gases, liquids, and solutions. Characteristics of activated charcoal are moisture content, ash content, and absorption of the iodine. Manufacture of activated charcoal begins with soaking for 24 hours using 2N H2SO4 solution after it was drained and then roasted to remove the remaining water. Moisture content test was done by weighing 1 gram of activated charcoal and then put it in the oven at 105-1100C temperature for 120 minutes. Ash content test was by weighing 1 gram of activated charcoal and put in the furnace at a temperature of 5000C for 30 minutes, raise the temperature to 8150C for 90 minutes. Determination of the absorption of iodine is to weigh approximately 0.5 grams of activated charcoal and mix it with 50 ml of iodine solution 0.1 N. Shake it for 15 minutes. Take 10 ml of the sample solution and titrate with natrium thiosulfate solution 0.1 N. Adding amylum solution of 1% as an indicator to the titration result becomes colorless.This research produced the optimum conditions of oven temperature 10000C for 60 minutes. Activated charcoal obtained under these conditions has a good adsorption capability with high levels of iodine absorption of 529.94 mg I2/g charcoal.

Penerapan Metode Taguchi pada Perancangan Eksperimen Beton Geopolimer Berbasis Abu Layang ufafa anggarini; Claudia Kosada; Ndaru Candra Sukmana
CHEMICA: Jurnal Teknik Kimia Vol 4, No 1 (2017): Juni 2017
Publisher : Universitas Ahmad Dahlan

PT Petrokima Gresik produces fly ash from coal burning about 8048,89 tons in 2015. In general, one ton of coal burning can produce around 0.15 to 0.17 tons of fly ash waste. Fly ash waste can be utilized as a mixture where the main elements of fly ash are aluminum and silica, fulfilling criteria as the material having cement and geopolymer properties. Geopolymer preparation can be done by the sol-gel method at low temperature, where the emission of CO2 gas produced is a minimum amount. The problem faced is finding the right composition of geopolymer so that it produces the maximum compressive strength. One way is by designing a Taguchi experiment. The choice of the Taguchi method is based on the advantages of this method that can combine experimental results through controlled factors and optimal levels so it can achieve the maximum compressive strength of geopolymer. This research used 3 levels (-1,0,1) and 4 factors of fly ash, the solid/liquid ratio (SL), the molarity of NaOH (A), Sand/pasta geopolymer ratio (P/PG). Anova test showed significant effect on compressive strength of fly ash, S / L and A with value of 12,27> 2,90; 61,12> 2,90; 19,477> 2,90. While the value for P / PG is 1.92 <2.90 where the value of F-statistic is less than F table which means P / PG does not significantly affect the compressive strength of Geopolymer. With S/N higher is better to know the optimum composition of fly ash, S / L, A and P / PG equal to: 370 gram; 2.33 (70:30); 9 Molar, and 1.5. The prediction of Geopolymer maximum compressive strength with Taguchi method was obtained 18,71 Mpa.Â Keywords: Â Fly ash, Optimation, Taguchi, Geopolymer

Pengolahan Slurry Sampah melalui Microbial Fuel Cells di Pasar Giwangan Yogyakarta Ilham Mufandi; Isti Nur Azizah; Arpan Efendi; Zahrul Mufrodi
CHEMICA: Jurnal Teknik Kimia Vol 5, No 1 (2018): Juni 2018
Publisher : Universitas Ahmad Dahlan

The vegetable waste is one of the biomass types that it can produce electrical energy.Â This article focused on electrical production of vegetable waste using microbial fuel cells (MFCS) MFCs is the primary type of the bioelectrochemical system (BECs) that to replaces the biomass to electrical energy spontaneously by activity metabolism of the microorganism. The objectives of this work were to investigate the process of electrical production from Chinese cabbage and the combination of the materials to produce the electrical energy. The experiment was carried out in a laboratory-sall such as mini reactor MFCs, Chinese cabbage as the material of vegetable waste and EM4 as the fermentation. Sample combination was consist of two parts that the first part was used 1 kg Chinese cabbage, 2 liter water and 20 ml EM4. The second part was used 2 kg Chinese cabbage, 1 liter water and 20 ml EM4. The result showed that the electrical voltage in part 1 at 0.362 V and pH at 6 was lower than the electrical voltage in part 2 at 0.724 V and pH at 7. Declining electric energy is influenced by pH as microorganisms living place and the formation process of attached media at the electrode.

Optimasi Proses Hidrolisis Vinasse Sebagai Bahan Baku Resin Polimer yang Ramah Lingkungan Lestari Hetalesi Saputri
CHEMICA: Jurnal Teknik Kimia Vol 3, No 1 (2016): Juni 2016
Publisher : Universitas Ahmad Dahlan

Vinasse contains some amine, carboxyl and hydroxyl groups in itâ€™s organic acids. These groups when being combined with other materials can be synthesized into a raw material of coating material. This research aims to break vinasse chain by hydrolysis into amino acids. Hydrolysis is carried out at 110 Â°CÂ with a residence time of 60-150 minutes (with 30-minute intervals). In addition, the comparison between the volume of vinasse and HCl isÂ 1: 1, 1: 2, 1: 3 and 1: 4. Then the material from the hydrolysis are analyzed their groups. Quantitative analysis is required to determine the composition of vinasse that will be added in the next polimerization processing. The result showed that the optimum conditions of hydrolysis process is at 2 hours and volume HCl with the ratio of 1: 3. FTIR analysis indicated the presence of carboxyl and amines groups on hydrolyzate. The long termÂ goal of this research is the use of vinasse as a coating material derived from biomaterials, as well as renewable materials. It could be expected that hydrolysis under acidic conditions can be an initial step to a coating material with vinasse as a raw material base.Â Keywords: Â Vinasse, Polimer Resin, Hydrolysis, Coating Material.

Optimasi Proses Pengeringan Cara Sangrai Pada Pembuatan Tepung Ubi Jalar Dengan Suhu Terkendali Imam Santosa; Endah Sulistiawati
CHEMICA: Jurnal Teknik Kimia Vol 4, No 2 (2017): Desember 2017
Publisher : Universitas Ahmad Dahlan

Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L. Lam) potential to be used as industrial raw materials. Sweet potatoes have a high carbohydrate content that is in the fourth position after rice, corn, and cassava. Sweet potato flour can replace the function of wheat flour because when fermented with yeast will produce CO2 gas, which is needed in texture making and increase the volume of bread. As a raw material for cookies and cakes, the use of sweet potato flour can substitute 100% flour.The study offers a simple drying method and is expected to produce good quality sweet potato flour without chemical treatment. Small pieces or grated sweet potatoes will be roasted at a temperature and for a certain amount of time with oil bath-like tools until they are dry, then bolted.Over 250 grams of yam using a cheese solvent produces good dry chips. The best process at 100 0C takes 60 minutes, resulting in bright chip colors, sweet potato odor, flouriness, and a sweet tinge. 50 grams of purple, white, yellow and yellow honey consumed 90 minutes to 0% moisture content, yielding bright chip color according to original color, slightly sweet potato odor, flouriness, sweet tinge, 32-36,5% of rendemen.

Pengaruh Suhu pada Pengeringan Tepung Kimpul (Xanthosoma sagittifolium) Endah Sulistiawati; Imam Santosa; Yunizar Rizka APS; Arya Aji Saka
CHEMICA: Jurnal Teknik Kimia Vol 2, No 2 (2015): Desember 2015
Publisher : Universitas Ahmad Dahlan

Taro flour can be used as an alternative for wheat. This study aims to determine the optimal conditions on the operation of the drying resulting in minimal water content, but did not damage the properties of the desired material. This research will be obtained the parameters that can be used to design a dryer with a larger scale. After the taro peeled, washed, chopped and soaked with a solution of salt. Samples inserted into a dryer equipped with a balance, so that it can be read sample weight at a certain time. The drying process is stopped until the weight remains. The process of making flour baked, steamed after soaking the taro, and then do the drying process as the raw flour. The variables studied were temperature drying. The result showed that higher drying temperatures will accelerate the achievement of equilibrium moisture content, which means the drying operation requires a shorter period of time. Lower values of equilibrium moisture content on 0,02 (g water / g dry matter) can be achieved at a temperature of 90 0C, with a time of 80 minutes.

Kajian Sifat Kimia dan Uji Sensori Tepung Ubi Jalar Putih Hasil Pengeringan Cara Sangrai Imam Santosa; Andinni Putri Winata; Endah Sulistiawati
CHEMICA: Jurnal Teknik Kimia Vol 3, No 2 (2016): Desember 2016
Publisher : Universitas Ahmad Dahlan

Currently, the white-sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L. Lam) has been developed as raw material of flour. The form of semi-finished sweet potato products is dry, durable, and has a long shelf life, such as dried cassava, fructose sugar, alcohol, various flour, starch. This form of semi-finished sweet potatoes can be developed into a variety of forms of processing that is done at the industrial level. The aims of this research were to determine the physical properties and examine the sensory test of sweet potato flour. The research was conducted by roasting at the temperature ofÂ 95-100 Â°C. The results showed that the flour had the water content of 7.63% and ash content of 1.998%. The sensory test performed in this study were color, odor, texture and shape ofÂ the white-sweet potato flour.

I²-MnO2 ACTIVATION OF PEROXYMONOSULFATE FOR CATALYTIC PHENOL DEGRADATION IN AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS Edy Saputra; Syaifullah Muhammad; Hongqi Sun; Ha-Ming Ang; Moses O. Tade; Shaobin Wang
CHEMICA: Jurnal Teknik Kimia Vol 1, No 1 (2014): Juni 2014
Publisher : Universitas Ahmad Dahlan

I²-MnO2 was prepared and used to activate peroxymonosulphate for degradation of aqueous phenol. The sample was characterized by N2 adsorption, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The catalyst is highly effective in heterogeneous activation of PMS to produce sulfate radicals for phenol degradation compared with homogeneous oxidatiom. I²-MnO2 could completely remove phenol in 30 min at the conditions of 25 ppm phenol, 0.4 g/L catalyst, 2 g/L PMS, and 25 oC. A pseudo first order model would fit to phenol degradation kinetics and activation energy was obtained as 38.2 kJ/mol.

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Agus Aktawan

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Kota yogyakarta,

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