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Proceeding Buffalo International Conference
Published by Universitas Hasanuddin
ISSN : -     EISSN : -     DOI : -
Core Subject : Education,
Education
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 46 Documents
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STUDY ON HOUSING, FEEDING AND MANAGEMENT RAISING OF SWAMP BUFFALO IN HIGHLAND AREA OF JAYAWIJAYA PAPUA Dapla, Meos; Supriyantono, Andoyo; Iyai, Deny A.
Proceeding Buffalo International Conference 2013
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Buffalo in Wamena is a famous ruminant which raise by most people from Toraja.  Raising management of the animal is a conventional way due to abundant of natural resources. The research aimed to study on housing, feeding and management raising of swamp buffalo.  Research method used was descriptive with study case technique. As a case was farmers who were raising buffalo at Pickhe and Kama district.  Data were collected base on interview guided by questionnaire.  Eight farmers were gathered to answer the question concerning housing, feeding and management raising of buffalo.  Data were analyzed using excel to get mean and standard deviation.  Results showed that the farmers did not pay attention in term of reproduction aspect; feeding and drinking. All farmers did not have housing for their buffalos they kept all the animals into ranch which has fences. Due to the raising system farmers did not make any treatment for preventing the disease to the animals.
THE POTENTIAL OF BUFFALO LIVESTOCK DEVELOPMENT BY OPTIMIZING THE GRAZING LANDS MANAGEMENT IN RIAU PROVINCE Syafitri, Winda; S. Purba, Hastuti Handayani
Proceeding Buffalo International Conference 2013
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Since  2008 to 2012, the number of buffalo populations in Riau province continues to decline. Based on the statistical data, in 2008 the buffalo populations number in Riau reached 77. 271, and in 2012 the numbers fell to 47.808. The Problem of buffalo livestock in Riau province are quite variable, among other: traditional maintenance, reduced of grazing land , the less priorities of the local government where the cattle livestock development are more priority than the development of buffaloes livestock. The presence of grazing lands are very important to support the buffalo livestock productivity. The grazing land is a medium of buffalo livestock production with low cost input management system (low cost management). There are some potential grazing lands in Riau, with large about 184.642 ha. Therefore revitalization and expansion of grazing land in some potential areas in Riau province, will become one part of buffalo livestocks development patterns that utilize forage in the grazing land as food resource. So that, it have been the time, to manage the grazing lands in Riau province in a Region Government Legislation (PERDA). It will be very important to ensure the sustainability of buffaloes livestock business in Riau Province.
IMPROVING THE REPRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE OF BUFFALOES IN SABAH, MALAYSIA Rafidah, O.; Zuki, A. B.; Azhar, K.; Zamri-Saad, M.
Proceeding Buffalo International Conference 2013
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A buffalo-breeding farm was selected to study the reproductive performance. The farm consisted of 398.5 acres of pasture with a total of 335 heads of buffaloes. At the start of the study at the end of 2011, farm records between 2004 and 2011 were analysed for selected reproductive parameters. Following the analysis, attempts were made to improve the performance by improving feed and feeding, herd health and breeding program. The interventions, in January 2012 included reducing the numbers of breeder buffaloes from 250 to 158 heads while the pasture area was increased from 398.5 to 441.5 acres. Proximate analysis of the grass was carried out and yearly vaccination against haemorrhagic septicaemia was recommended. The fecal samples were analysed for internal parasites particularly the liver flukes. The 150 selected breeder buffaloes were flushed by providing supplemented palm kernel cake-based feed at the rate of 1.5kg/animal/day for 2 weeks before breeder males were introduced at the rate of 1 male to 20 females. Between 2004 and 2011, a total of 442 calves were born (average of 55 calves/year), 52% females calved only once, 29% calved twice, 14% calved 3 times and 4% calved 4 times. Most (52%) calvings were recorded during the rainy months of September to December. The average annual calving rate was 49.7±14.7%, the calving interval was 24±11.2 months and calf mortality was 26.8±7.0%, significantly (p<0.05) more during rainy season. Following intervention in early 2012, proximate analysis of the grass revealed improvement on the average crude protein content from 7.60 to 12% protein. With supplementation, the percentage of breeder female with body score of >3 increased from 79% to 99%. The improved body score enhanced the pregnancy rate from 49% to 65% and subsequently the calving rate from 42% to 53%. Similarly, the mortality rate was significantly reduced from 11.3% to 5.2%.
POTENTIAL USE OF BUFFALO SKIN AS A RAW MATERIAL FOR LEATHER TANNING INDUSTRY IN INDONESIA Said, Muhammad Irfan; Hifizah, Amriana
Proceeding Buffalo International Conference 2013
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One of the problems faced by the leather industry and leather goods industry in Indonesia is  availability of raw materials. While the demand from various countries for goods made of leather is increasing, the ability of the domestic leather industry to provide the products are still very low due to insufficient supply of raw materials. So far, the raw materials for leather industry are dominated by cow, goat, or sheep leather, while the raw material of buffalo skin is still very limited. As buffalo population in Indonesia is low, the use of buffalo skin as raw material  for leather industry is limited. The characteristics  of buffalo leather are similar to those of cow leather,  therefore buffalo leather has potential to support the supply of raw materials for the leather industry. The final quality of the buffalo skin is determined by the buffalo population in the upstream sector, which should be in line with the improvement of production, feeding, and health management on farm sector, as well as cutting techniques, pickling, and tanning in the downstream sector.
RURAL DEVELOPMENT WITH THE EMPHASIS ON THE SIGNIFICANT ROLE OF BUFFALO RAISING IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES Naderfard, Hamidreza
Proceeding Buffalo International Conference 2013
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In the spite of quick trend the technical and scientific progress and increasing improvement of mankind’s life in all over the world, still a huge human population are suffering from different socio-economic and cultural deficiencies such  as:  a) Illiteracy,  b) Malnutrition,  c) Lack  or in-sufficient medical and health care mortality in rural areas of developing countries. Indices show that along with modernization and extension of big cities, cultural and socio-economic problems are being increased,  parallel. In such a condition, development of rural areas is an inevitable necessity, because still  about  50% of human population live in rural areas and are deprived of  primary possibilities, otherwise, they migrate to big cities and create  social  problems, In order to approach rural development, agriculture is the most important because the  vast majority of rural poor depend on agriculture for their livelihoods. Therefore, all policy makers must unite the national and international agencies and address them toward agriculture development in rural areas. In this connection, animal husbandry sector plays a vital role in providing nutritional security (Meat and milk) and occupation. Surely, Buffaloes contribute significantly to the sustainability of mixed crop-livestock farming systems as well as to farmer’s income and production of milk, meat and draft power in the most Asian countries, during centuries. Because of miraculous digestive system, buffaloes are able to convert by-products and the wastages of agriculture and food industries to high nutritive milk and meat. But, in the spite such a unique potential, because of poverty of buffalo raisers, the buffaloes are not able to show their best performance. So, the basic and important duty of governments, policy makers, NGO’s, scientists and experts is the comprehensive support of buffaloes and conserve this unique genetic resource for future generation in world.
APPROPRIATE FORAGE MANAGEMENT IN COCONUT PLANTATION CROPS Kaligis, David A.; Anis, Selvie D.
Proceeding Buffalo International Conference 2013
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Utilization of forages grown underneath the plantation crops is widely practices in the region of Southeast Asia and in the Pacific island. Since the plantation crops do not fully utilize all incoming radiation and nutrients, their competition with natural vegetation for nutrients is inevitable. In coconut plantation native forages and natural vegetation cannot survive under heavy grazing due to lack of grazing management practiced by farmers. This will lead to overgrazing and compacting the soil and in some circumstances triggering erosion, changing in botanical composition due to invasive weeds, and disappearance of the planting forages species. This disappearance is also probably due to other factors such as intolerance of those species in the shaded environment. However, this is not the case. Although shade tolerance species are planted, the pasture run-down still occurs. To overcome this problem there are three new approaches. The first one is that defoliation should based on biogeochemical process consideration.  It is should pay attention on the rhizosphere environment to ensure the nutrients uptake by forage, especially grasses is fulfilled.  The second one is that defoliation should ensure the health of the grass subject to cutting. With the climate change phenomenon, where the air CO2 is abundance, following by the increasing of air temperature, the time of defoliation or grazing should be focused on counting the accumulation of heat unit rather than focusing on forage’s age. The third one is that the appropriate grazing systems and stocking rate should take into account, to ensure the plant to have ability to recover after grazing.  
THE ROLE OF AGENTS ON THE MARKETING OF BUFFALO IN NORTH TORAJA Kasim, Kasmiyati; Lestari, Veronica Sri; Hastang, -; Rasyid, T.
Proceeding Buffalo International Conference 2013
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The role of marketing agency in buffalo marketing has been recognised. The purpose of this research was  to study  the role of agent on buffalo marketing in North Toraja. The study was carried out in Bolu livestock market North Toraja form May to June 2012. Samples used for this study were all agents (10 people) in Bolu livestock market North Toraja. Data were analysed descriptively. The results of the study  indicated that 50% of the agents directly contacted  the seller  in the market. To get  the buyers, 60% of the agents also met  the buyers in the market in order  to  obtain  such information as  types of buffaloes they are looking for. Data also indicated that the time required by the buyers and the sellers to achieve an agreement of the price  through the help of an agent was normally one day. In conclusion, the role of the agents on buffalo marketing in North Toraja is important in terms of source of information for the sellers and buyers so that could accelerate the transaction process of  buffaloes.
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Proceeding Buffalo International Conference 2013
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MORPHOMETRIC STUDIES ON THE RUMINANT KIDNEYS : BUFFALO, CATTLE AND GOAT Rahardja, Djoni Prawira; Utomo, T. R.; Sonjaya, H.
Proceeding Buffalo International Conference 2013
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A morphometric study on ruminant kidney was conducted to elucidate the structural feature of the buffalo, cattle and goat kidneys which attributable with the urinary concentrating capacity. All kidney samples were collected from animals (3-5 years old) slaugthered in Tamangapa Slaugther House, Makassar. The external dimensions of the kidney were measured, including weight, thick, length and wide; the volume were measured according to the Archimedes principle, then used to determine specific density (ds.).  The internal dimensions measured were the cortex and medulla thicknesses, which then used to determine some indices : Percentage of Medullary Thickness, Relative Medullary Thickness and Medullary-Cortex ratio.  Data were analysed using the procedure of variance analysis based on factorial design of 3 (species) x 2 (sex) x 2 (location) with 5 replications of animal, then significant differences among mean values were determined by the procedures of Duncan Multiple Range Test. The results indicated that the ds and all internal indices were not significantly different between male and female or between left and right kidneys within the same species, while these parameters were significantly different in different species, and the mean value difference were consistent that goats > cattle > buffalo. Accordingly, it can be concluded that the goats with that kidney structural feature have higher concentrating capacity to produce a lower volume with higher osmolality of urine compared to that of cattle and buffalo. Therefore, as an implication is for the small herder, that understanding these characteristics (particularly relating with water availability) may be useful to boost the incomes and to improve the rural farmer livelihood in this region where these three species of ruminants are mostly managed.
BUFFALO DEVELOPMENT IN ACEH PROVINCE Samadi, -
Proceeding Buffalo International Conference 2013
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One of the Indonesian Government programs in animal husbandry sector is to success self-sufficient meat in 2014. In this program, buffalo meat includes the meat target besides cattle as the main meat target. Aceh is one of the provinces in Indonesia which has big number of buffalo besides other 12 provinces in Indonesia. Based on the statistical data buffalo population in Aceh Province during the last five years reduced  about 41 % from 280.662 (2008) to 164.295 (2012).   Reduced buffalo population in Aceh province was probably caused by bad management system and low slaughter controlling from the government. In addition, increase of meat consumption resulted in increasing buffalo slaughter each year. In Aceh, buffalo was not raised by all regions. Only specific region were raised the buffalo such as Simelue, West Aceh, Gayo Lues and Great Aceh regions. Recently Aceh government create program to improve buffalo population in Aceh with good management system. One of the programs is to purify Aceh buffalo located in Simelue island. After Aceh cattle has been approved to be one of the cattle breeds in Indonesia, Simelue buffalo has been proposed by Aceh government to be one of the buffalo breeds in Indonesia. The purpose of this review was to inform about development of buffalo in Aceh province based on secondary data.

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