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INDONESIA
Proceeding Buffalo International Conference
Published by Universitas Hasanuddin
ISSN : -     EISSN : -     DOI : -
Core Subject : Education,
Education
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 46 Documents
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PROSPECTS OF COMPETITIVE AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF BUFFALO LIVESTOCK IN SOUTH SULAWESI Islamiyati, Rohmiyatul; Rasjid, Sjamsuddin; Asriany, Anie; Yuliati, Farida Nur
Proceeding Buffalo International Conference 2013
Publisher : Proceeding Buffalo International Conference

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Abstract

Buffalo is one of the potential livestocks to be developed to support of the achievement of meat self sufficiency program in 2014. Buffalo population in South Sulawesi was 130,100 head in 2010 and 96,500 head in 2011 or decreased about 25.83%.  Buffalo population in Indonesia was 1,999,500 head in 2010 and 1,304,900 head in 2011, or population decreased about 34.74%. Cause of the population decrease was slaughter of productive females but also a relatively long reproductive period.  Factors supporting the development of buffaloes in South Sulawesi was abundant feed resources, especially from food crop by-product, feed technology, human resources and high market potential (meat and ceremonies).
REPRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE OF POST-PARTUM SWAMP BUFFALOES (BUBALUS BUBALIS) REARED CONVENTIONALLY IN THE POSO REGENCY CENTRAL SULAWESI Mberato, Yunober; Hamsun, M.; Saloko, Fatmawati; Mirajuddin, .
Proceeding Buffalo International Conference 2013
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This research was conducted to determine the reproductive performance of swamp buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) in 6 districts of Poso Regency. This research material was 121 female mature buffaloes who at least has been twice calving. The buffalos spread in 6 districts i.e. Pamona Timur ( n=24 ), Pamona Barat (n=27), Pamona Puselemba (n= 14), Pamona Utara (n=4), Pamona Selatan (n=23), and Pamona Tenggara (n=29), respectively. The research was conducted by survey and sample was determined by purposive random sampling. The results showed that average first of estrus (PT=4.96±0.69; PB=4.11±0.83; PP=5.50±0.90; PU=5.00±1.00; PS=5.21±1.23; PG=5.00±1.21); age of first calving were (PT=46.54±1.06; PB=46.56±1.22; PP=47.36±1.82; PU=46.75±1.26; PS=46.61±1.50; PG=46.86±1.60) months, estrus post partum (PT=4.96±0.69; PB=4.11±0.83; PP= 5.50±0.90; PU=5.00±1.00; PS=5.21±1.23; PG=5.00±1.21) months, calving interval (PT=19.83±1.09; PB=19.81±1.14; PP=20.79±1.42; PU=19.75±1.26; PS=20.35±1.58; PG=19.55±1.80) months, estrus cycle (PT=20.13±1.45; PB=19.39±1.50; PP=19.42±1.51; PU=20.67±0.58; PS=18.84±1.50; PG=19.57±1.85) days; BCS (PT=2.77±0.36; PB=3.02±0.49; PP=3.04±0.41; PU=2.88±0.48; PS=2.78±0.25; PG=3.09±0.44);  respectively. Breeding system is naturally, no weaning at all buffaloes. It was concluded that reproductive performance of swamp buffaloes in Poso is low and need improving management of reproduction.
RAMBU SOLO AND BUFFALO AT TANA TORAJA OF SOUTH SULAWESI Saleh, Ikrar Mohammad; Sirajuddin, Sitti Nurani; Aminawar, Muhammad
Proceeding Buffalo International Conference 2013
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Toraja traditional feast "Rambu Solo-Rambu Tuka" and Buffalo can not be released in the lifestyle of the Toraja people, like the two sides of the one coin. Both of these parties, especially "Rambu Solo", buffalo sacrifice was excessive in 2 (two) decades. Symptoms of unhealthy competition among the family/clan,  led to uncontrollable slaugthering of buffalo. The Rambu Solo feast of Nek Sarring from December 2011 to January 2012 spent more than 200 buffaloes, approximately 350 buffaloes according to the participants . This situation is exacerbated by the promotion of  Tanah Toraja as a tourist destination which has contributed to the slaughtering (massacre) of excessive buffaloes. As a tourist destination, the appeal of the "Rambu Solo" is extraordinary, due to the unique and attractiveness, uncomparable with any other parts of the world. The aims of this study are to determine how many buffaloes should be sacrificed at every party?  This is to remind the family or clan to fulfill their religious obligations and sacrifice proportional number of buffaloes in religious and cultural viewpoints of Torajans. This is a qualitative research of which the primary and secondary data were collected through focus group discussions from April to June, 2013, and then analyzed descriptively. The results of the research indicaed that participants who represent the Torajans have not considered that one day, in the near future, the buffalo will be scarce, making it difficult to conduct  the "Rambu Solo and Rambu Tuka".  However, participants believed that the demand for buffalo tends to increase from day to day.  Buffalo as a vehicle to heaven "Fuya" will be demanded continuously as a basis of Torajans traditional attributes. UNESCO has declared Toraja as a world heritage.
BUFFALO REPRODUCTION: PROBLEMS AND CURRENT TECHNOLOGIES Tappa, Baharuddin
Proceeding Buffalo International Conference 2013
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The Government of Indonesia has launched to self-sufficient in beef and buffalo meat in Year 2014. However, the reality to day is still importing meat/beef cattle going about 30% of domestic demand. One effort to meet the needs of domestic meat of beef is empowering provision of the needs of beef cattle included buffalo. The domestic water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) has an important role in the agricultural economy of many developing countries in Asia, including Indonesia providing milk, meat and draught power. The data on the productivity and related aspect of buffalo is relatively scarce even though this livestock has long been raised by farmers over the country. Its population growth rate is not as fast as those of cattle. The lack of buffalo development may be related to many factors and problems ranging from practical husbandry, genetic and environment to the limited attention of the government and animal scientist. Although its reproductive biology is basically similar to that of cattle, there are important differences and unique characteristics that need to be considered in order to apply modern reproductive technologies to improve its productivity. The major reproductive problems affecting buffaloes are mainly as late maturity, long postpartum anoestrous intervals, poor expression of oestrus, poor conception rates (CR) and long calving intervals. Synchronization of time or induction of oestrus can be done using the same regimens as applied in cattle, using various combinations of prostaglandins, progesterone releasing devices, GnRH and eCG, but success rate is poor when treatment is done during the periods of marginal breeding activity or seasonal anoestrus. Embryo technologies such as multiple ovulation embryo transfer, in vitro embryo production, cryopreservation and semen sexing are being intensively studied but have had far lower success rates than in cattle. In line to this facing problem, The Directorate General of Livestock Services, the Department of Agriculture, Republic of Indonesia is now trying to set out some programs that can be optimizing other ruminants such as buffalo to be an alternative livestock for substituting the role of cattle as a main producer of meat. The government of Indonesia was decided regulation of six buffalo cluster according geography and culture.  This program believes to be benefit for increasing and protecting the buffalo as one of the Indonesia potential genetic diversity (animal germ plasma) from the danger of extinction.
BUFFALO MEAT AS A HEALTHY FOOD Rusdy, Muhammad
Proceeding Buffalo International Conference 2013
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Proteins from animal sources are higher biological value than from plant sources, because animal proteins contain amino acids that more similar to our body’s need, however animal meats often contain high levels of saturated fats and cholesterol that increase the risk of heart disease. Differ to many land animals that contain high levels of saturated fatty acids, buffalo meat contains less saturated fatty acids, cholesterol and calories but higher in iron, vitamin B12 and protein than those of beef, pig  and skinless chicken. Grass-fed animals contain higher omega-3 fatty acid, lower ratio of omega-6 and omega-3 and higher content of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) than those of grain-fed animals. 
THE DECLINE OF BUFFALO POPULATION IN THE MODERNIZATION ERA OF RICE AGRICULTURE Paly, Basir
Proceeding Buffalo International Conference 2013
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This study aimed to describe the decline of buffalo population in the era of modernization of rice agriculture between 1975 and 1985, which was capital-intensive and technology. This period was characterized by mechanized tillage with tractors, the use of an-organic fertilizers, the application of poison contacts and herbicide. Research was carried out using a survey method involving 20 buffalo farmers as respondents. They were deeply interviewed using a quisioner prepared before hand.  Farmers were invited to recall the events experienced during that period. The results showed that the declined rate of buffalo population was about 7.35% per year.  Factors contributed to that decrease were selling  (52.06%), slaughtering (22.67), mortality (19.33%), and theft (6.44%). The selling itself was caused by several such factors as needs (40.15%), tractor-substitution (20.00%), disease (10.25%), contact poison (11.23%), and lack of forage (8.27%). Similarly, slaughtering was affected by needs (67.64%), contact poison (17.21%) and  diseases (15.15%), while mortality was mainly due to  disease (72.56%) and contact poison (27.44%).  In conclusion,  the modernization  era of rice agriculture in the year 1975-1985 has significantly reduced the population of buffalo and caused lack of motivation of buffalo farmers.

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