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INDONESIA
IJOG : Indonesian Journal on Geoscience
Published by Geological Agency of Indonesia
ISSN : 23559314     EISSN : 23559306     DOI : -
Core Subject : Science,
Earth & Planetary Sciences
The spirit to improve the journal to be more credible is increasing, and in 2012 it invited earth scientists in East and Southeast Asia as well as some western countries to join the journal for the editor positions in the Indonesia Journal of Geology. This is also to realize our present goal to internationalize the journal, The Indonesian Journal on Geoscience, which is open for papers of geology, geophysics, geochemistry, geodetics, geography, and soil science. This new born journal is expected to be published three times a year. As an international publication, of course it must all be written in an international language, in this case English. This adds difficulties to the effort to obtain good papers in English to publish although the credit points that an author will get are much higher.
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Articles 9 Documents
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Search results for , issue "Vol. 13 No. 1 (2026)" : 9 Documents clear
Enhancing Preliminary Database of Volcanic Debris Avalanches in Indonesia: A Focus on Morphological Type and Geological Data Malawani, Mukhamad Ngainul; Hamdani, Agus Jaiz; Abidin, Imam Alief Naufal; Estiono, Meru Sigit; Pratiwi, Dinda; Lavigne, Franck; Handayani, Tiara; Suhendro, Indranova
Indonesian Journal on Geoscience Vol. 13 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Geological Agency

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17014/ijog.13.1.1-11

Abstract

Indonesia has many cases of volcanic debris avalanche (VDA), which is fifty-four events from the inventory conducted by MacLeod (1989). However, data on the characteristics of VDA provided is limited, therefore it is necessary to develop detailed information related to these fifty-four cases. This study focuses on morphological and geological inventory of the VDA in Indonesia. Using the DEM database, morphological features were analyzed and four classes were determined, namely (1) volcanoes with horseshoe-shaped scar only; (2) volcanoes with no horseshoe-shaped scar, but has DAD (debris avalanche deposit); (3) volcanoes with no horseshoe-shaped scar, and no DAD; and (4) volcanoes with horseshoe-shaped scar and with DAD. Most of the volcanoes that have VDA are clustered in the first class. From the geological map, three main main pieces of information can be obtained: relative age, rocks/materials, and structure. Of fifty-four reported VDA events, the age of the rocks build the volcano that commonly ranges the Pliocene, Pleistocene, and Holocene. The composition material is relatively uniform, consisting of lava with basalt-andesite rock types. Scar structures are also delineated in some volcanoes. Based on these characterization results, its relationship with volcano types in Indonesia (e.g. type A, B, C) was analyzed to determine the potential for reoccurrence of VDA. Further analysis is proposed, along with a more comprehensive characterization of the VDA in Indonesia, particularly at the type A volcanoes, such as Dempo, Galunggung, Gede, Papandayan, Sundoro, and Raung.
Identification of Natural Recharge Characteristics Based on Time-Lapse Microgravity Data for Sustainability Utilization at Lahendong Geothermal Field, Indonesia Agung, Lendriadi; Syamsu Rosid, Mohammad; Tofan Sastranegara, Mochamad; Lolla Riandari, Baiq
Indonesian Journal on Geoscience Vol. 13 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Geological Agency

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17014/ijog.13.1.13-29

Abstract

The sustainable utilization of geothermal resources heavily relies on maintaining the fluid mass balance within the reservoir. Excessive fluid extraction without sufficient natural recharge can cause significant declines in reservoir pressure, thus threatening the long-term sustainability of geothermal energy production. This study specifically addresses the challenge of accurately characterizing natural recharge dynamics in the Lahendong Geothermal Field, where ongoing exploitation activities have led to considerable fluid mass deficits. To tackle this issue, time-lapse microgravity monitoring was conducted annually from 2015 to 2023 across 118 gravity benchmark stations strategically distributed throughout the reservoir area. The collected microgravity data were analyzed using Gauss's theorem to quantify the changes in reservoir mass balance over time. The calculated reservoir mass changes based on microgravity data were validated against mass balance estimates derived from actual well flow rate measurements. The findings indicate that natural recharge in Lahendong varies significantly, ranging from 0 to 3 M ton/year, exhibiting a clear cyclical pattern with approximately three-year intervals. On the average, natural recharge supplies approximately 1 M ton/year to the reservoir. The results validate time-lapse microgravity monitoring as a robust tool for detecting reservoir mass changes, offering critical insights into adaptive fluid injection strategies.
Analysis of Stress Ratio and Stress Regime in West Java Sirait, Anne M.; Palgunadi, Kadek Hendrawan; Simanjuntak, Andrean V. H.; Rahmania, Nadhira; Naufal, Izaaz; Dhiarofa, Muhammad Nanda Rizqi; Karimah, Akhlaqul; Al-Ghifari, Rafi Sadam; Ramadhani, Azhari; Hady, Farrastha Hady; Warnana, Dwa Desa; Suryanto, Wiwit
Indonesian Journal on Geoscience Vol. 13 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Geological Agency

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17014/ijog.13.1.43-55

Abstract

This study actively investigates stress ratios, principal stress orientations, and stress regimes in the West Java Province, Indonesia, by simultaneously inverting both the stress tensor and fault orientations from 232 moment tensors. It identifies diverse stress regimes, including normal and reverse faulting in the subduction zone, as well as mixed reverse and strike-slip faults across the island. Stress ratios range from 0.08 to 0.97. Sedimentary basins in the northeast produce lower values, while tectonic forces near the southern subduction zones generate higher values. In the subduction zone, plate bending generates normal faulting, while compressional forces lead to reverse faulting. The fore-arc region exhibits a variety of regimes: normal, reverse, and strike-slip, indicating transitions in the dynamics of subduction. Across the island, a combination of reverse and strike-slip faulting suggests crustal compression, with Mount Anak Krakatau exhibiting evidence of normal faulting. The study uncovers a complex interplay of subduction processes, crustal deformation, and geological heterogeneities. It outlines stress regimes ranging from normal and reverse faulting in the subduction zone to mixed reverse and strike-slip faulting on the island. These findings offer crucial insights into the tectonic processes shaping West Java, and lay the groundwork for more informed seismic hazard assessments and risk mitigation strategies.
Application of the Simple Multi-Attribute Rating Technique (SMART) for Selecting Compatible Earthquake Time Series in Liquefaction Analysis Support: Case Study in Serpong, Tangerang, Indonesia Haifani, Akhmad Muktaf; Setiadipura, Topan; Prakoso, Widjojo A.
Indonesian Journal on Geoscience Vol. 13 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Geological Agency

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17014/ijog.13.1.57-76

Abstract

The earthquake hazard must be mitigated at the prospective nuclear power plant site in Serpong, Tangerang, to avoid damage to the nuclear installation infrastructure, especially the possibility of liquefaction. This study combines Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Analysis (PSHA) with Ground Motion Prediction Equation (GMPE) (Abrahamson, 2014), which is used as a probabilistic prediction model. This is to estimate spectral accelerations and Peak Ground Acceleration (PGA) based on earthquake magnitude, distance, and site characteristics. Calculations were carried out using OpenQuake for PHA calculation and Seismomatch for spectra matching analysis, which produced the deaggregation results used to define the target spectrum. Representative time histories were chosen using the SMART technique, which uses ranking and weighting to assure compliance with deaggregated magnitude-distance situations, then refined using spectral matching of 90 records while keeping nonstationary properties. Both shallow crustal and subduction events have a substantial impact on seismic demand, with the 2011 Tohoku earthquake (Mw 9.0, depth 29 km, distance 245.9 km, PGA 0.26 g) appearing as the most compatible scenario and primary contributor to possible site risks. The suggested paradigm provides a realistic solution to site-specific ground motion selection and liquefaction risk assessment, hence promoting nuclear safety and seismic resilience in tectonically active regions.
Inundation Risk Level Tsunami in Trenggalek District, Indonesia Basid, Abdul; Mahardika, I Ketut; Subchan, Wachju; Astutik, Sri; Rusli, Rusli; Jannah, S.D.N.; Rozikan, Rozikan
Indonesian Journal on Geoscience Vol. 13 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Geological Agency

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17014/ijog.13.1.31-42

Abstract

The southern coast of Trenggalek District is prone to tsunami disasters, because it is located north of the megathrust zone. This study aims to map the level of tsunami inundation risk in The Trenggalek District, especially of the coast of Watulimo Subdistrict. This mapping was done with the help of Model Builder in ArcGIS software, using scenarios of tsunami wave heights on the shore of 1 m, 2 m, 5 m, 15 m, 27 m, and 30 m. The risk map of tsunami inundation was obtained by combining the tsunami hazard map with the vulnerability map. The study results show that the area of tsunami inundation at a high-altitude scenario with wave heights of 1 m has low, medium, and high-risk levels covering 0.254 km², 0.240 km², and 0.032 km², respectively. In the 27 m scenario, which is the worst-case scenario according to Meteorology, Climatology, and Geophysics Agency (BMKG), the areas of inundation at low, medium, and high-risk levels reach 23.032 km², 16.471 km², and 7.904 km², respectively. In this 27 m scenario, four villages in Watulimo Subdistrict are almost entirely inundated by the tsunami. The results of this study are expected to be used as the material for tsunami disaster mitigation in the Trenggalek District.
Porosity verification of gas-bearing F3 reservoir, Al Wafa Oil Field, Ghadames Basin, Libya Ben Ghawar, Bahia Muftah; Ibrahim , Ibrahim; El-Muqassbi, Qusai; Al-Ghellali, Salem
Indonesian Journal on Geoscience Vol. 13 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Geological Agency

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17014/ijog.13.1.77-87

Abstract

Porosity is a critical physical property of reservoir rocks. It has a significant contribution for development strategic plans, and 3D building models reservoir rocks of oil fields. However, well logs and core samples are two sources of direct and indirect rock porosity data. Hence, porosity logs; neutron porosity (Øn), bulk density (ρb), and interval travel time (ΔT) designate a fluctuation of the porosity values within gas-bearing rocks. Accordingly, this work is concerned with the investigation of an impacting of the porosity logs of the three porosity logs on the water saturation (Sw) estimation, as a petrophysical assessment of the gas bearing F3 Sandstone reservoir (Aouinet Uennin Formation, Devonian). Thus, well log data has been taken and processed from eight wells, these wells produce about 124 feet, an average thickness of the F3 Sandstone reservoir of the Al Wafa Gas and Oil Field, Ghadames Basin. Therefore, this Devonian clean sandstone and gas-bearing reservoir has a volume shale of less than 25%, which may be considered a potassium feldspar sandstone rock type. In addition, total porosity (Ønd), neutron porosity (Øn), and sonic porosity (Øsnc) illustrate reduction values due to the gas effect or implementation, which causes uncertainty estimation of the water saturation. Whereas the density porosity (Ød) yields a moderation values that are highly in agreement with the core porosity. This later result reveals less uncertainty of the petrophysical assessment in the F3 Sandstone gas-bearing reservoir.
Pollution Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Paradgaon Lake Sediments, Central India Sonal D. Kamble; Sumedh K. Humane; Samaya S. Humane; Pranit Gajbhiye; Dileep Abdul Kalam T.; Snehal Juare
Indonesian Journal on Geoscience Vol. 13 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Geological Agency

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17014/ijog.13.1.89-106

Abstract

The assessment of heavy metal contamination is pivotal in understanding environmental health and its impacts on aquatic ecosystems. This study aims to assess the concentration and distribution of heavy metals in the sediments of The Paradgaon Lake (PL) of Umrer Taluka, Maharashtra State, India, and to evaluate the level of pollution and ecological risks using various pollution indices. Six surface sediment samples (three each during pre and post monsoon seasons) along with five soil samples were collected from the PL and surrounding locations, respectively in the catchment of the PL. The air-dried powdered sediment samples were analyzed for the heavy metal concentrations using X-Ray Fluroscence (XRF) Spectrometry. The present study investigates the contamination of the heavy metals such as iron (Fe), aluminium (Al), manganese (Mn), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), chromium (Cr), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb), cobalt (Co), uranium (U), vanidium (V), and rubidium (Rb). The appraisal of sediment contamination was analyzed on the basis of enrichment factor (EF), Geo-accumulation Index (GI), Contamination Factor (CF), and Pollution Load Index (PLI). Additionally, ecological risk factor (Er) and potential ecological risk index (PERI) were calculated to comprehend the toxicity of heavy metals and the environmental response to all risk factors. The key metal contaminants in lake surface sediments include Fe, Al, Zn, Mn, Cr and Co. This study demonstrates that these heavy metals were generated from the common lithogenic source generated through weathering and erosion of the Deccan Trap Basalt (DTB) and associated soils in the catchment in addition to partial input from the adjoining coal mining. The heavy metals such as Zn, Cu, Cr, Ni, Pb, U, and Rb showed their higher concentrations during the premonsoon (PM) season as compared to the postmon-soon (PoM), while metals like Al, Fe, Mn, Co, and V have increased concentrations during the PoM season, indicating enhanced weathering and erosion in the different parts of the rocks (DTB) and associated soils contributing these metals during the monsoonal season in the catchment of the PL. The geoaccumulation index and contamination factor of the heavy metals in the PL showed moderate pollution level. These metals may be originated from anthropogenic sources such as agricultural runoff and coal mining in addition to natural geological processes. Overall, the study on Igeo, CF reflects moderate level of pollution, whereas the EF and Er clearly signifies the changes in land-use type and rainfall patterns on heavy metal accumulation in the present lake. The strong positive correlation between Mn and total organic carbon (TOC) points their biogenic source, while Pb has high positive correlation with total inorganic carbon (TIC) and moderately correlated with TOC indicating mainly anthropogenic origin of Pb with its input from coal mine and deposited in the soils of the catchment of the PL. The present findings also provide valuable insights of the environmental risk of heavy metals pollution in the Paradgaon Lake.
The Characters of The Hippopotamidae from Java (Indonesia) Based on Skull and Tooth Analyses Unggul Prasetyo Wibowo; Yahdi Zaim; Aswan Aswan; Mika Rizki Puspaningrum
Indonesian Journal on Geoscience Vol. 13 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Geological Agency

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17014/ijog.13.1.107-127

Abstract

Hippopotamidae are known to have lived in the island of Java based on the presence of their fossils. Several researchers have described and concluded that there are three species of Hippopotamidae in the island of Java, but there are also those who argue that the three types of Hippopotamidae are of the same species. These differences give rise to further discussion regarding what species lived in the island of Java in the past. Twenty Hippopotamidae fossil specimens including twelve specimens recently discovered, and previously undescribed specimens collected form stratigraphic context from Java were analyzed in this study and compared with previous literature. This study of Hippopotamidae fossils is based on skulls and teeth where the number of incisor teeth is one of the distinguishing characters which shows that all Hippopotamidae fossils in Java Island are from the genus Hexaprotodon. Our evidence shows that there are two types of Hexaprotodon in Java, namely the relatively small Hexaprotodon in The Gelasian-Calabrian-Chibanian Pleistocene, and a larger Hexaprotodon of Late Chibanian-Late Pleistocene age. Based on its anatomy, the small Hexaprotodon from Java is called Hexaprotodon sivajavanicus, while the large Hexaprotodon from Java is called Hexaprotodon megakendengensis
Integrated Analysis of Land Subsidence from Alluvium Formation Based on Conventional Deep Pipe Monitoring (CDPM) and Geotechnical Parameters in Pekalongan and Surrounding Areas, Indonesia Dita Arif Yuwana; Dicky Muslim; T Yan WM Iskandarsyah; Saut Sagala; Wawan Hermawan; Taufiq Wirabuana; Kharis Aulia Alam; Muhammad Asa; Akhirul Insan
Indonesian Journal on Geoscience Vol. 13 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Geological Agency

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17014/ijog.13.1.129-142

Abstract

Despite being densely populated and economically thriving, the northern coast of Java, specifically Pekalongan, encounters significant challenges to further development, notably land subsidence. Since the late 2000s, these hazards have become increasingly evident, causing infrastructure damage and displacing residents. Alluvial deposits are formations that provide insight into unconsolidated sediment affecting land subsidence. This study integrated land subsidence in alluvial deposits at nine Conventional Deep Pipe Monitoring (CDPM) spread between 2021 and 2025, Standard Penetration Test (SPT) results, geotechnical analysis, including Compressibility Index (Cc), and Activity Ratio (Ac) of undisturbed samples to assess the mechanisms of subsidence and spatial variability. The alluvium formation observation results are separated into three groups: fluvial deposit group 1, marsh-swamp deposit group, and fluvial deposit group 2. The average SPT test was the softest, measuring 8.9 in Wonokerto and 11.1 in Kandang Panjang, for the biggest CDPM decrease of -3.89 cm/year in Wonokerto and -3.24 cm/year in Tirto annually. Wonokerto and Depok have the biggest clay sediment accumulations, measuring 43.3 m and 43 m, respectively. Then, at depths approximately 10 m to 22 m below the surface, laboratory testing revealed that the highest values for (Cc) are 0.1 to 0.7, and (Ac) are 1.3 to 1.5. The study findings show that areas with thick soft clay layers and high compressibility exhibit the highest subsidence rates, exceeding more than -2.5 cm/year in the central northern region of the studied area in Wonokerto, Tirto, and Hoegeng. The average land subsidence is positively correlated with the average SPT and the accumulation of clay sediments. According to Cc, Ac, and SPT values, the marsh-swamp deposit group has the biggest impact on land subsidence with approximately depth range of -10 m to 40 m that categorized as “Very High Potential Risk”. In the end, this study offers a more secure framework for building infrastructure in regions vulnerable to land subsidence.

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