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INDONESIA
IJOG : Indonesian Journal on Geoscience
Published by Geological Agency of Indonesia
ISSN : 23559314     EISSN : 23559306     DOI : -
Core Subject : Science,
Earth & Planetary Sciences
The spirit to improve the journal to be more credible is increasing, and in 2012 it invited earth scientists in East and Southeast Asia as well as some western countries to join the journal for the editor positions in the Indonesia Journal of Geology. This is also to realize our present goal to internationalize the journal, The Indonesian Journal on Geoscience, which is open for papers of geology, geophysics, geochemistry, geodetics, geography, and soil science. This new born journal is expected to be published three times a year. As an international publication, of course it must all be written in an international language, in this case English. This adds difficulties to the effort to obtain good papers in English to publish although the credit points that an author will get are much higher.
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Articles 796 Documents
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Magmatic Evolution and Plumbing System of Gede-Salak Volcano, Banten, Indonesia Muhammad Alfath Salvano Salni; Euis Tintin Yuningsih; Tsukasa Ohba
Indonesian Journal on Geoscience Vol. 10 No. 2 (2023)
Publisher : Geological Agency

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17014/ijog.10.2.245-276

Abstract

The study of individual volcanoes in northwest Java has been largely overlooked. In this study, an investigation of the magma evolution and plumbing system of Gede-Salak Volcano was conducted. A geological survey determined the lava unit and volcanism. The whole-rock geochemistry is utilized to determine the magma type and evolution. Mineral chemistry based on microprobe analysis revealed the magmatic process and phenocryst origin. Geothermobarometry is employed to estimate the temperature and pressure. The volcanism comprised the eruption of lava flows, sector collapse, and the eruption of lava domes. The magma evolution consists of two magma types: type A (lava flow and peripheral dome) and type B (summit dome). The processes identified are amphibole fractionation, magma mixing, and crust assimilation. Phenocryst textures and chemistry implied open-system processes inthe plumbing system involving three magma series, namely the felsic, intermediate, and mafic series. Magma type A resulted from multiple mafic recharges on the felsic series, while type B resulted from the mixing of intermediate and mafic series. The felsic and intermediate phenocryst crystallization occurred at 933-948°C and 1010-1011°C in the mid-crust at 14 km to 17 km depth. Meanwhile, the mafic series reside in the lower crust at 21 km depth and of 1065-1087°C temperature. Keywords: Gede-Salak, magma evolution, magma plumbing, geothermobarometry, mineral chemistry
GIS and Water Quality Index Based to Assess Spring Water Quality, A Case Study of Bani Kinanah District, Irbid, Northwestern Jordan Mohammad A. Khawajah; Ahmad A Al-Taani; Abeer I Al-Zoubi; Abeer A Al-Hamad
Indonesian Journal on Geoscience Vol. 10 No. 3 (2023)
Publisher : Geological Agency

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17014/ijog.10.3.393-405

Abstract

Springs in northwestern Jordan are significant sources of freshwater for local communities. The reliance on springs to fulfill the growing demands for water has been intensified in the past decade, following the decline in rainwater due to climate change. Thirty water samples were collected from springs located in Bani Kinanah District, northwest Jordan, and tested for various water quality parameters, including pH, EC, TDS, Na+, Ca+2, Mg+2, K+, Cl-, F-, SO4-2, NO3-, TH, TA, Fe, Mn, Pb, and Zn. The results show that most water quality variables fall within the acceptable limits for drinking water set by the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Jordanian standards, except for a few indicators. The chemistry of spring water is mainly governed by rock weathering, with dominant Ca-Mg-HCO3 type of water. The spatial distribution of TDS in spring water shows relatively high levels in springs located in northern and northeastern areas. Based on the water quality index (WQI), twenty-six springs are either of excellent or good water quality, and are suitable for drinking purposes. Whereas four springs (Kharja, Malka, EL Za'agah, and Sa'ed) have poor quality and designated for irrigation and industrial usage. This may be due to its proximity to residential areas, as noted in the field observation. Evaluation of the spring water suitability for irrigation shows that most springs are of excellent to good quality, and only a few springs fall under the category of good to permissible for irrigation. Keywords: Water Quality Index (WQI), Geographic Information System (GIS), spring water, Bani Kinanah
Pore Pressure and Compartmentalization of Carbonate Reservoirs in Northern Madura Platform - East Java Basin, Indonesia Ecep Suryana; Lambok M. Hutasoit; Agus M. Ramdhan; Dwiharso Nugroho; Arifin Arifin
Indonesian Journal on Geoscience Vol. 10 No. 3 (2023)
Publisher : Geological Agency

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17014/ijog.10.3.297-307

Abstract

Understanding pore pressure characteristics in carbonate reservoirs is essential, because it concerns all aspects of subsurface, drilling, and occupational safety, as well as the environment in oil and gas exploration and exploitation. In this study, the pore pressure regime and connectivity of the carbonate reservoir (compartmentalization) of Kujung and Ngimbang Formations in the northern Madura Platform of East Java Basin are characterized by utilizing direct pressure data and wireline logs from five wells. The result shows that both hydrostatic and slight overpressure conditions are found in these formations, further indicating the presence of carbonate compartmentalization. The magnitudes of overpressure, however, are mostly very low, with an average of ~37 psi. Four compartmentalized carbonates are identified based on the presence of different pressure gradients in the water leg. The slight overpressure in the carbonates is likely owing to pressure transference from overpressured shale at depth. In addition, by using acoustic impedance from seismic, the depositional environments of the carbonates are interpreted as lagoon and tidal flat. These environments support the occurrence of patch reef carbonate buildups in the Kujung and Ngimbang Formations, which later become a good environment for overpressure generation and carbonate reservoir compartmentalization. Keywords: carbonates, compartmentalization, depositional environment, slight overpressure
The Resistivity Log and Its Role in Understanding Sediment Unloading in the Lower Kutai Basin, Indonesia Stephen O’Connor; Agus M. Ramdhan; Arifin Arifin; Amy C. Ellis
Indonesian Journal on Geoscience Vol. 10 No. 3 (2023)
Publisher : Geological Agency

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17014/ijog.10.3.379-392

Abstract

High overpressure is a critical drilling issue in the Lower Kutai Basin. Typical pore pressure prediction approaches involve an empirical relationship, such as Eaton’s method using sonic log data. In areas with high geothermal gradients, such as the Lower Kutai Basin, there is evidence for additional overpressure from gas generation such that sediment unloading must be considered to interpret pore pressure correctly. In this paper a repeatable deterministic model is presented for pore pressure from sonic data and, using selected wells from the Lower Kutai Basin, also the use of the resistivity log in a similar model. In the Lower Kutai Basin, sonic logs are often absent from the logging suite or otherwise running over limited intervals, making an alternative log-based prediction method particularly valuable. As a caveat, shallow freshwater encroachment is reported in the Lower Kutai Basin, means the shallow resistivity data can be problematic to use to define both top of overpressure and a normal compaction trend. Care must therefore be taken if resistivity is to be used for the interpretation of unloaded pore pressure, and chiefly applied and this likely to be more successful where encroachment is less pronounced, such as pro-delta shales. Assuming the additional care needed in using resistivity data, this paper suggests that resistivity can be a useful tool for pore pressure prediction in unloaded shale at elevated temperatures within the Lower Kutai Basin. At present the technique has been applied to only a limited dataset due to data availability limitations, but it is hoped with further refinement it will form a helpful additional approach in the pore pressure prediction toolkit. Keywords: pore pressure, resistivity, unloading, Lower Kutai Basin
Detection of Urban Growth in Taiz City, Yemen, Between 1981 and 2022 by Using Google Earth™ and Geographical Information System Data Aziz, Ahmed Abdul; Abdullah, Anwar; Isnain, Zulherry
Indonesian Journal on Geoscience Vol. 11 No. 1 (2024)
Publisher : Geological Agency

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17014/ijog.11.1.61-79

Abstract

Rapid urbanization brought serious socio-economic and environmental problems in many cities around the world, particularly in developing countries like Yemen. Urban "sprawl", a synonym of rapid and unplanned urban growth, is considered an obstacle for sustainable development, which causes serious long- and short-term problems, such as extreme infrastructure expenses, economic inefficiency, environmental destruction, and social instability. This is the case of Taiz City, the third largest city in Yemen, which is facing a huge challenge to manage the spatial extension of its built-up area at the expense of the reduction of natural resources and environment. This study aims to investigate urban growth process in Taiz City, focusing on urban sprawl and agricultural land-use change during 1981–2022. The data used are high resolution geospatial data, which are the topographic map for 1981 and Google Earth (GE) images for 2003, 2012, and 2022. The methodology adopted was manual digitizing using Geographic Information System (GIS) software to extract urban land use features from the images of the different dates. Four land-use maps were produced and used for calculation the urban sprawl and land-use changes. The urban expansion rate and patterns were also identified in three phases: 1981–2003, 2003–2012, and 2012–2022. The results show that the built-up area increased six times from 6.2 km2 in 1981 to 34 km2 in 2022, while the agriculture area decreased by 77% from 18 km2 in 1981 to 4.2 km2 in 2022. The urban sprawl in Taiz covered about 75% of its municipal area and extended to the agricultural and rural areas. The sprawl index (USI) is measured to be 5.4%, indicating a high degree of sprawl in Taiz. There is no open space left for future development, and the water resources are at risk of population and depletion. The study demonstrated that informal and haphazard expansion must be controlled, a development strategy should be prepared, so that sustainable urban growth can be achieved. The results of this study could be used as a decision support tool for urban management activities. The vector layers produced by this study could provide the required input data for the future urban modeling of the city.
High Sulphidation Mineralization and Advanced Argillic Alteration within Concealed Gajah Tidur Porphyry, Grasberg District, Papua Bensaman, Benny; Rosana, Mega Fatimah; Yuningsih, Euis Tintin
Indonesian Journal on Geoscience Vol. 11 No. 1 (2024)
Publisher : Geological Agency

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17014/ijog.11.1.15-33

Abstract

High sulphidation (HS) mineralization and associated advanced argillic alteration have been intersected by three drill holes below the Grasberg porphyry Cu-Au deposit, known as the Gajah Tidur prospect. The prospect is located between 1,500 ̶ 2,750 m level, in Grasberg District, Papua, Indonesia. The holes are of KL98-10-21, KL98-10-22, and GRD39-08 which intersected 3.4 Ma Gajah Tidur monzonite, Grasberg Igneous Complex, the wall rocks of Kembelangan, and New Guinea Limestone Group. This research aims to determine the characteristics of high sulphidation mineralization associated with advanced argillic alteration at Gajah Tidur. Petrographic, XRD, SEM, fluid inclusion, and XRF (geochemical) analyses were applied to identify the mineralogy, geochemistry, and ore fluid properties. The major element plots show a differentiated intrusion. The alteration consists of potassic materials composed of biotite and K-feldspar, overprinted by phyllic and advanced argillic ones typified by alunite, pyrophyllite, and kaolinite. The high sulphidation mineralization characterized by pyrite-covellite, chalcopyrite-chalcocite, enargite, and digenite is also present. Fluid inclusion homogenization temperature of mineralized quartz vein ranges from 393 to 542°C, indicating a magmatic fluid origin predominantly. Two distinct porphyry systems, consisting of the Gajah Tidur Cu-Mo and the Main Grasberg Cu-Au porphyry systems are emplaced at the Gajah Tidur level. Advanced argillic is less intense compared to a pervasive phyllic alteration, overprinting the stockwork and surrounding rocks, emplaced at the upper part of quartz stockwork. It is possibly associated with a late stage of Gajah Tidur porphyry hydrothermal fluids which became cooler and highly acidic. Similar to other porphyry systems such as Oyu Tolgoi in Mongolia, the Gajah Tidur porphyry did not have its hydrothermal fluid ascent to the surface to form lithocap. Instead, the ascending fluids cooled at shallower depths resulting in the formation of advanced argillic alteration.
Geological Trap Controlling the Residence Time of Groundwater in Assessment of Exploitation Zone for Its Sustainable Resources Case Study: The Slope of Karang Mount, Banten Province, Indonesia Johanes Hutabarat; Azwar Satrya Muhammad; Teuku Yan Waliana Muda Iskandarsyah; Yudhi Listiawan; M. Ridfan Trisnadiansyah; Putu Ayu Andhira; Hendarmawan Hendarmawan
Indonesian Journal on Geoscience Vol. 10 No. 3 (2023)
Publisher : Geological Agency

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17014/ijog.10.3.419-432

Abstract

The southern slope of Mount Karang is covered by complex volcanic deposits with complicated texture and structure. The study on zone or location of water resources which would be exploited required a comprehensive hydrogeological approach. Through detailed geological mapping, spring sampling, and well drilling were carried out. Representative spring water samples were taken to be analyzed in the laboratory, and to obtain the data of physical groundwater, chemical groundwater, stable isotopes 18O (oxygen-18), and deuterium contents, as well as the age of the groundwater. In general, the groundwater facies of the studied area showed Ca, Na, KHCO3 with several sites indicating changes to CaHCO3 during the dry and rainy seasons. The synthesis results of the stable isotope 18O (oxygen-18) and deuterium contents, verified by the physical and chemical groundwater controlled by geological setting in the groundwater subbasins, show the anomaly of residence time as trapped by the normal fault in the middle of the studied area. The existing normal fault might control this anomaly of residence time of groundwater surrounding site JH1, JH9, and JH20. However, the distribution of three different water source zones occurred. All group of groundwater indicated a complex flowing with geological setting controlling the physical, chemical content, and the age of the groundwater. At last, sites JH4, JH5, and JH9 show that the zones are proper to be developed as sustainability groundwater resources. Keywords: groundwater facies, stable isotope, groundwater flow, sustainable water
Secondary Enrichment of REE in Weathered Granite, South Bangka, Indonesia Tampubolon, Armin; Syafri, Ildrem; Rosana, Mega Fatimah; Yuningsih, Euis Tintin
Indonesian Journal on Geoscience Vol. 11 No. 1 (2024)
Publisher : Geological Agency

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17014/ijog.11.1.141-165

Abstract

Rare earth elements (REEs) are essential materials for the manufacture of advanced technology. Secondary REE indications were found in alluvial and lateritic tin deposits within Southeast Asia Tin Belt. This study aims at the REE enrichment of weathering profiles underlain by Toboali Pluton of the main range S-type granite of this belt. Granite and weathering samples were collected and analyzed using XRF, ICP-MS/OES, XRD, SEM-EDX, and EPMA. The Chondrite-normalized REE patterns of granite in Toboali showed enrichment in REE with the highest value of 1,126 ppm. The Toboali Pluton is enriched in LREE and depleted in HREE. The enrichment of REE from the upper to lower horizon of weathering profiles was pointed out by the increase in REE values from a range of 156-188 ppm (horizon B) to 196-268 ppm (horizon C) in Toboali, and from a range of 230-330 ppm (horizon B) to 342-450 ppm (horizon C) in Air Gegas. These coincided with the presence of kaolinite with elevated REE and CeO2 in horizon C of weathering profile. Leaching test result proved that kaolinite plays a role in REE enrichment in the weathering profile through ion adsorption mechanisms in the Air Gegas. The weathering process of REE fluoro-carbonate (bastnäsite-(Ce)) and parisite-(Ce) in granite is believed to contribute in enrichment due to its high dissolution rate, which enhances kaolinite adsorption. In contrast, REE phosphates such as monazite-(Ce) and xenotime-(Y), because of their strong resistance and low solubility, are thought to be only slightly soluble, and most of these minerals remain in Toboali weathering products.
The Development of Tourism Areas in Abang Temple Yogyakarta, Using Engineering Geological Capability Kristanto, Wisnu Aji Dwi; Utami, Ayu
Indonesian Journal on Geoscience Vol. 11 No. 3 (2024)
Publisher : Geological Agency

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17014/ijog.11.3.365-376

Abstract

Temples are interesting objects used for the exploration, exploitation, and development of tourist areas. However, these cultural sites and the surrounding environment need to be adequately preserved to prevent disasters. One of the interesting aspects of temples needed to be developed as tourist areas is its engineering geological capability. Therefore, this study aims to determine the engineering geological capability of Abang Temple located in the village of Jogotirto, Berbah, Sleman, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. This Buddhist heritage temple was built on an isolated hill with the constituent materials of red bricks, tuff, and andesite that have experienced weathering over the decades. The temple is geographically located in an interesting natural nuance, thereby making it a dilemma for developing tourist areas. This research was carried out by mapping and measuring field data on several influential aspects, including the carrying capacity of rocks and soil, slope, the potential for geological disasters, the depth of groundwater level, the ease of excavation, the land use, the rock weathering level, and the discontinuity field density. The results shows that there are three zones of engineering geological capability for developing temples into tourist areas, namely high, medium, and low capabilities.
Review on the Impacts of the Samalas Eruption (1257 CE) to the Hydrogeological Conditions of Mataram, Lombok, Indonesia Malawani, Mukhamad Ngainul; Hadmoko, Danang Sri; Lavigne, Franck; Agniy, Romza Fauzan; Hayat, Dimas Maula; Astabella, Relinda Dewi; Laksono, Agung; Syamsuddin, Syamsuddin; Mutaqin, Bachtiar Wahyu
Indonesian Journal on Geoscience Vol. 11 No. 3 (2024)
Publisher : Geological Agency

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17014/ijog.11.3.339-348

Abstract

This paper examines the local impacts of the 1257 CE Samalas eruption in the Mataram plain in relation to the hydrogeological conditions. Data from several previous studies in the Mataram plain is summarized and then reinterpreted. Data collected from new fieldwork is also presented. This review summarizes hydrogeological conditions into several categories, i.e. stratigraphy, aquifer formation, groundwater quality, and evolution. Two coring data were evaluated, which showed that Mataram plain has a relatively thick alluvial layer with a dominant material of sand mixed with pumice from the reworked deposit of the 1257 CE Samalas eruption. The sediment from this eruption formed a freshwater aquifer layer up to ~18 m deep. Using resistivity data, the aquifer layers in the studied area were characterized as unconfined aquifer, aquitard, and semi-unconfined aquifer. Seven water samples show that the groundwater in the studied area is in good condition, which indicates the bicarbonate water type. The results of the analysis show that the impact of the 1257 CE Samalas eruption on the hydrogeology of Mataram is considered a positive impact, i.e. forming an unconfined aquifer containing freshwater that is good for domestic uses.

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