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Jurnal Hortikultura
Published by Kementerian Pertanian
ISSN : 08537097     EISSN : 25025120     DOI : -
Core Subject : Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry
Jurnal Hortikultura (J.Hort) memuat artikel primer yang bersumber dari hasil penelitian hortikultura, yaitu tanaman sayuran, tanaman hias, tanaman buah tropika maupun subtropika. Jurnal Hortikultura diterbitkan oleh Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hortikultura, Badan Litbang Pertanian, Kementerian Pertanian. Jurnal Hortikultura terbit pertama kali pada bulan Juni tahun 1991, dengan empat kali terbitan dalam setahun, yaitu setiap bulan Maret, Juni, September, dan Desember.
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Search results for , issue "Vol 26, No 2 (2016): Desember 2016" : 14 Documents clear
Pengaruh Penambahan Pupuk Hayati dan PPC Terhadap Keberhasilan Pembuahan Mangga Podang di Luar Musim (Effect of Biofertilizer and Liquid Fertilizer on Off-Season Podang Mango Fruiting Success) Yuniastuti, Sri; Purbiati, Titiek
Jurnal Hortikultura Vol 26, No 2 (2016): Desember 2016
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Horticulture Research and Development

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jhort.v26n2.2016.p207-216

Abstract

Mangga Podang dengan warna buah kuning kemerahan dan rasa manis segar merupakan salah satu komoditas buah unggulan Kabupaten Kediri. Tanaman mangga tersebut umumnya berbuah setahun sekali dengan masa panen yang singkat (Oktober – Desember) dan ini menyebabkan ketersediaan buah melimpah dengan harga yang murah. Oleh karena itu perlu diupayakan pengaturan pembuahan di luar musim supaya memperpanjang periode panen dengan mempercepat awal musim buah dan memperlambat akhir musim buah sehingga harga dapat dikendalikan. Penelitian dilaksanakan tahun 2012 di Kabupaten Kediri dengan rancangan acak kelompok yang terdiri dari enam perlakuan dan empat ulangan. Semua tanaman diaplikasi menggunakan zat pengatur tumbuh paklobutrazol pada bulan Februari, pemupukan dan pengendalian OPT sesuai rekomendasi. Manajemen yang dilakukan untuk meningkatkan keberhasilan pembuahan di luar musim adalah perlakuan kombinasi antara penambahan pupuk hayati, mikro, dan ZPT dengan dua interval pemberian, yaitu (A) kontrol, (B) pupuk hayati (mikoriza), dan (C) PPC unsur mikro, aplikasi 1 minggu sekali, (D) PPC unsur mikro, aplikasi 2 minggu sekali, (E) PPC unsur mikro+ZPT, aplikasi 1 minggu sekali, dan (F) PPC unsur mikro+ZPT, aplikasi 2 minggu sekali. Aplikasi paklobutrazol pada mangga Podang yang dibarengi dengan pengelolaan secara intensif (pengendalian OPT, penambahan unsur hara makro, dan mikro) dapat meningkatkan hasil buah dan memperpanjang masa panen mulai bulan Agustus sampai Desember. Aplikasi PPC 1 minggu sekali dan 2 minggu sekali baik yang mengandung ZPT maupun tidak dapat meningkatkan hasil panen sebanyak 98%. Rerata buah yang dapat dipanen sebelum panen raya mencapai 38,2%. Perpanjangan masa panen dan peningkatan hasil buah berdampak meningkatkan pendapatan petani.KeywordsPembuahan; Mangga Podang; Luar musimAbstractPodang mango with yellow, reddish coloration and sweet, refreshing taste is one of the Kediri’s featured fruit commodities. It’s usually bears its fruit once a year within short period (October- December), causes yield overflow and reduces price. This demands off-season fruiting control to prolong harvesting period by hastening fruit-bearing season beginning and slowing its end to help control their price. Assessment were done on 2012 in Kediri Regency with randomized block design consist of six treatments and four repeats. All plants are given growth regulator, paklobutrazol, on February, with fertilization and pest control based on recommendation. To increase off-season fruiting success rate, combined treatment of biofertilizer, micro-fertilizer, and growth regulator application are managed with two application interval, which is: (A) control, (B) biofertilizer (mycorrhizae), (C) micro-elements liquid fertilizer, once a week (D) micro-elements liquid fertilizer, twice a week, (E) micro-elements liquid fertilizer + growth controller, once a week, and (F) micro-elements liquid fertilizer + growth controller, twice a week. Paklobutrazol application followed by intensive management (pest control, macro, and micro fertilization) on Podang Mango could increase yield and lengthen harvesting period from August to December. Liquid fertilizer application once and twice a week, whether followed by growth controller or not, could increase yield up to 98%. Fruit could be harvested before great harvest were about 38.2%. Prolongation of harvest period and increase in yield will result in increase of farmers’ income.
Ketahanan Aksesi Jeruk Seedles Terhadap Tiga Strain Virus Tristeza Jeruk (Resistance Seedles Accession to Three Strain of Citrus Tristeza Virus) Mutia Erti Dwiastuti; Sri Widyaningsih
Jurnal Hortikultura Vol 26, No 2 (2016): Desember 2016
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Horticulture Research and Development

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jhort.v26n2.2016.p235-244

Abstract

Citrus tristeza virus (CTV) merupakan salah satu penyakit yang merugikan secara ekonomi pada jeruk. Penyakit ini telah menyebar merata di pertanaman jeruk seluruh Indonesia. Tiap varietas jeruk mempunyai ketahanan yang berbeda-beda terhadap penyakit ini. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui tingkat ketahanan kandidat jeruk seedless hasil mutasi dengan radiasi sinar Gamma terhadap tiga strain penyakit CTV. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Terpadu dan Rumah Kasa Balai Penelitian Tanaman Jeruk dan Buah Subtropika (Balitjestro) selama 1 tahun. Tahapan yang dilakukan adalah seleksi dan perbanyakan strain CTV, pengujian ketahanan sembilan kandidat mutan dan dua tanaman berasal dari induk, yaitu MT-49, MT-50, MT-52, MT-54, MT-89, MT-92 (mutasi dari tetua K SoE), MT-68 (mutasi dari tetua K Garut), KS 001(hasil silangan), KS 002 (tetua Tai Ayam), MT P2A6 (mutasi dari tetua pamelo Nambangan1), dan MT P1A4 (mutasi dari tetua Pamelo Nambangan 2). Pengamatan dilakukan terhadap masa inkubasi, intensitas penyakit berdasarkan gejala visual dan uji serologi Elisa. Tingkat ketahanan didasarkan pada gejala visual dan hasil pengujian dengan Elisa. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan gejala vein clearing, vein cupping, vein crocking, dan stem pitting ditemukan pada areal pertanaman jeruk. Masa inkubasi CTV pada kandidat mutan dengan inokulasi masing-masing strain bervariasi antara 3–5 minggu. Intensitas penyakit yang timbul akibat inokulasi masing-masing strain bervariasi, demikian juga tingkat ketahanan tanaman. Aksesi varietas yang resisten terhadap strain CTV parah (severe strain) adalah MT P2A6 dan MT P1A4, aksesi toleran terhadap strain CTV parah adalah MT 49, MT 52, MT 54, MT 68, MT 92, KS 002, dan aksesi yang peka terhadap strain CTV parah adalah MT 50, MT 89, dan KS 001.KeywordsJeruk; Seedless; Strain; Mutan; Citrus tristeza virusAbstractCitrus tristeza virus (CTV) is one of the economically harmful diseases on citrus. The disease has been spread evenly throughout Indonesia citrus crop. Each citrus varieties have different resistance to this disease. The purpose of this study was to determine the candidate’s level of resistance mutations result seedless oranges against three strains of CTV disease. Research conducted at Laboratory and Screen House, Indonesian Citrus and Subtropical Fruit Research (BALITJESTRO), Tlekung, Batu for 1 year. Stages are carried out exploration, collection, and propagation of strains, resistance testing both nine candidate’s mutation MT-49, MT-50, MT-52, MT-54, MT-89, MT-92 (mutant from K SoE), MT-68 (mutant from K Garut), MT P2A6 (mutant from pamelo Nambangan1), MT P1A4 (mutant from Pamelo Nambangan2) and two types of plant derived from the parent KS 001, KS 002 (elder Tai ayam). Observations made on incubation period, intensity of the disease based on visual symptoms and tested with Elisa. The level of resistance is based on visual symptoms and results of testing with Elisa. The results showed that symptoms of vein clearing, vein cupping, vein crocking, and stem pitting found on citrus planting area. The incubation period of CTV on mutant candidates by inoculation of each strain varied between 3–5 weeks.The intensity of the disease caused by the inoculation of each strain varies, so does the level of plant resistance. Accessions resistant to severe CTV strains (severe strain) is MT MT P2A6 and P1A4, accessions tolerant to severe CTV strains are MT 49, MT 52, MT 54, MT 68, MT 92, 002, and KS-sensitive accession severe CTV strains are MT 50, MT 89, KS 001
Isolasi dan Identifikasi Mikoparasit Utama pada Karat Krisan (Isolation and Identification of Major Mycoparasite on Chrysanthemum Rust) Evi Silvia Yusuf; Wakiah Nuryani; nFN Hanudin
Jurnal Hortikultura Vol 26, No 2 (2016): Desember 2016
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Horticulture Research and Development

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jhort.v26n2.2016.p217-222

Abstract

Pada beberapa jenis cendawan karat dilaporkan terdapat mikoparasit dan salah satu di antaranya adalah Cladosporium sp. Mikoparasit yang ditemukan di Kebun Percobaan Segunung Balai Penelitian Tanaman Hias (Balithi), dapat menekan penyakit karat pada krisan sampai dengan 100%. Penelitian bertujuan mengidentifikasi dan mempelajari karakter morfologi dan molekuler cendawan mikoparasit yang terdapat pada pustul karat krisan asal Kebun Percobaan Balithi. Penelitian dilakukan di Laboratorium Penyakit Balithi Segunung dan Laboratorium Biologi Lembaga Ilmu Pengetahuan Indonesia (LIPI) Cibinong pada Januari sampai dengan Desember 2012. Identifikasi secara morfologi dilakukan dengan melihat ciri makroskopis dan mikroskopis cendawan. Identifikasi secara molekuler dilakukan berdasarkan analisis pada sekuen internal transcribed spacer (ITS) ribosomal DNA. Amplifikasi PCR pada ITS menggunakan primer ITS 4: 5`-- TCC TCC GCT TAT TGA TAT GC – 3` dan ITS 5: 5`--GGA AGT AAA AGT CGT AAC AAG G –3`. Hasil pengamatan makroskopik dan mikroskopik menunjukkan bahwa isolat 567 yang menginfeksi karat putih pada krisan asal Segunung termasuk ke dalam genus Cladosporium. Hasil analisis secara molekuler, Cladosporium memiliki homologi 100% dengan Cladosporium cladosporioides strain 1-09 (aksesi no: JF502459) yang berada di genbank.KeywordsCladosporium; Karat putih; Mikoparasit; Identifikasi; MorfologiAbstractSeveral rust species reported associate with mycoparasite and one of them is Cladosporium sp. Mycoparasite was found at Segunung Experimental Station of Ornamental Crops Research Institute (IOCRI), suppressed the rust up to 100%. The study was conducted at the Mycology Laboratory of IOCRI and Indonesian Institute of Sciences (IIS) Cibinong from January to December 2012. The aims of the research was to identify and study morphology and molecular characters of mycoparasite on chrysanthemum rust pustules from IOCRI. Morphological identification was observed by the macroscopic and mycroscopic characteristics. Molecular identification based on partially genetic analyzes on internal transcribed spacer (ITS) of the ribosomal DNA of the fungus. PCR amplification of the ITS using ITS Primary 4: 5`-- TCC TCC GCT TAT TGA TAT GC - 3` and ITS Primary 5: 5` - AAA AGT AGT CGT GGA AAC AAG G -3`. Observation of morphology showed that mycoparasite isolate 567 infected chrysanthemum white rust is belonging to Cladosporium genus. The results of molecular analysis showed that Cladosporium sp. has 100% homology with Cladosporium cladosporioides strain 1-09 (accession no: JF502459) from genbanks.
Seleksi dan Adaptasi Tiga Spesies Unggul Jamur Kuping (Auricularia spp.) untuk Dataran Medium (Selection and Adaptation on Three Strain Candidate of Five Superior the Wood Ear Mushroom Strain for Medium Land) Diny Djuariah
Jurnal Hortikultura Vol 26, No 2 (2016): Desember 2016
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Horticulture Research and Development

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jhort.v26n2.2016.p153-162

Abstract

Jamur kuping (Auricularia spp.) merupakan salah satu sayuran yang mempunyai peranan penting sebagai sumber gizi masyarakat dan sumber ekonomi. Rerata hasil jamur kuping petani masih rendah (< 500 g/log). Penyebabnya antara lain karena penangkar benih sebar tidak menggunakan benih strain unggul berkualitas dan benih sebar diperbanyak diturunkan berkali-kali sehingga potensi daya hasil jamur kuping semakin menurun. Untuk mengatasi masalah tersebut perlu menyebarluaskan benih strain unggul jamur kuping pada pengguna dan mendaftarkan. Namun, sebelum mendaftarkan strain unggul perlu melakukan seleksi dan adaptasi calon strain unggul jamur kuping di tiga lokasi dataran medium pada musim kemarau. Penelitian ini bertujuan mendapatkan strain unggul jamur kuping untuk dataran medium dengan kualitas baik dan produksi tinggi. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan, yaitu rancangan acak kelompok dengan enam perlakuan dan empat ulangan. Perlakuan terdiri atas enam nomor yang diuji, yaitu Auricularia auricula - yudae, A. auricula -2-APR, A. auricula -20-APR, A. auricula -21-APR, A. auricula -19-APR, dan A. auricula - 10 (sebagai pembanding). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa A. auricula - 21 - APR, A. auricula - 19 - APR, dan A. auricula - 10 merupakan strain unggul jamur kuping untuk dataran medium yang disukai konsumen dan produksi tinggi (> 500 g/log). Dari hasil kegiatan uji keunggulan, didapat dua calon strain unggul jamur kuping yang berproduksi tinggi dan berkualitas baik sehingga beralasan untuk didaftarkan.KeywordsJamur kuping; Strain unggul; Seleksi; Adaptasi; Dataran mediumAbstractThe wood ear mushroom is one of vegetable crops as a sources of nutrient and valuable economically, average yield is still low (< 500 g/log). This case happened among other things because the spawn substrate producers might be did not apply superior strains. Moreover, they might be reproduced spawn substrate for more than two times/generations. In order to overcome this problem, it is suggested to release a superior strains of the wood ear mushroom including to disseminate it to the users. However, prior to release the superior strain, the important step mush be done, viz. selection and adaptation on strain candidate of for superior the wood ear mushroom at three different medium land for dry seasons. The aim of these experiments is to find out the new superior strain of the wood ear mushroom for medium land, which give high yield and quality. A randomized block design with four replications will be arranged in the field. Treatments comprised of three candidate of superior strain of the wood ear mushroom, viz. Auricularia auricula - yudae, A. auricula-2-APR, A. auricula-20-APR, A. auricula-21-APR, A. auricula -19-APR, and A. auricula -10 (control). The aim showed that A. auricula-21-APR, A. auricula-19-APR, and A. auricula -10 the superior strain that are suitable for medium land and the yield (>500 g/log). If can be conculed from superior test, at least two candidate strains with high yield and qualities are suitable and reasonable to be released.
Uji Adaptasi Wortel di Tanah Lempung Liat Berpasir Dataran Rendah Palangka Raya (Adaptation Test of Carrot at Sandy Clay Loam in Low-Land Areas of Palangka Raya) Muhammad Anang Firmansyah; Twenty Liana; Wiwik Rahayu
Jurnal Hortikultura Vol 26, No 2 (2016): Desember 2016
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Horticulture Research and Development

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jhort.v26n2.2016.p197-206

Abstract

Tanaman wortel (Daucus carota L.) menghendaki suhu udara optimal 18oC–21oC, suhu udara tersebut di daerah tropis umumnya tercapai pada ketinggian > 500–1.000 m diatas permukaan laut (dpl.). Upaya pengembangan wortel di dataran rendah bersuhu > 28oC di Indonesia belum banyak dilakukan. Tujuan penelitian  untuk melihat daya adaptasi varietas wortel di dataran rendah 40 m dpl di Kota Palangka Raya.  Penelitian disusun menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok dan diulang tiga kali.  Perlakuan terdiri dari lima varietas, yaitu wortel import (Royal Chantenay, Nantes Improved, Flaker Giant), serta wortel lokal (Cisarua dan Batu). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan daya kecambah varietas Cisarua tertinggi pada 8, 10, 12, dan 14 hari setelah tanam (HST) hingga 202 tnm/m2.  Tinggi tanaman 91 HST pada Flaker Giant tertinggi, yaitu 56,7 cm tidak berbeda nyata kecuali dengan varietas Nantes Improved. Jumlah daun  pada 91 HST pada Cisarua terbanyak mencapai 11,3 helai/tnm dan berbeda nyata dengan varietas lainnya.  Berat brangkasan basah dan kering varietas Flaker Varietas Giant tertinggi 61,20 g/tnm dan 7,32 g/tnm. Rasio berat brangkasan dan umbi basah terendah dicapai varietas Cisarua 0,89 dan Batu 0,64, dan berbeda nyata dengan  wortel varietas import.  Panjang umbi wortel tidak berbeda antarvarietas, yaitu 9,40–21,90 cm/umbi.  Diameter umbi total dan hati umbi varietas lokal dan import tidak berbeda nyata kecuali dengan varietas Nantes Improved, masing-masing  26,00–27,63 mm dan 15,93–17,87 mm. Bobot umbi terberat dicapai varietas Cisarua 41,87 g disusul varietas Flaker Giant 32,3 g, diikuti  bobot daging tertinggi pada varietas Cisarua 18,53 g dan berbeda nyata dengan varietas Nantes Improved. Tingkat kemanisan daging dan hati umbi wortel varietas Cisarua tertinggi, yaitu 8,87oBrix dan 7,43oBrix. Wortel varietas Cisarua memiliki adaptasi terbaik berdasarkan daya kecambah, bobot umbi, rendahnya tingkat serangan penyakit busuk daun, dan tingkat kemanisan daging umbi.KeywordsDaucus carota L.; Dataran rendah; Palangka RayaAbstractThe carrot (Daucus carota L.) is a plant that requires optimum temperature in the range of 18°C to 21°C. In the tropics, this temperature could be generally found in the highlands with height of >500–1,000 meters above sea level. In Indonesia, carrots farming development in the lowlands with temperatures >28oC has not been conducted. The aims of this study is to know adaptability of some carrots varieties grown in the lowlands areas, at 40 m above sea level in Palangka Raya. The research design used randomized block design with three replication. There are treatments consisting of five varieties of imported carrots namely, Royal Chantenay, Nantes Improved, Flaker Giant, including two local varieties namely Cisarua and Batu. The results showed that highest germination is dominated by local varieties of Cisarua at 8, 10, 12, and 14 days after planting, it was up to 202 plants/m2. The highest plant at the age of 91 days after planting (DAP), the variety of Flaker Giant reaches 56.7cm, although it not significantly different with the other varieties except Nantes Improved. The number of leaves at the age of age 91 DAP showed that most of Cisarua variety has11.3 pieces of leaf/plant and it is significantly different from other varieties. For stover weight, both in wet, and dry condition, the variety of Flaker Giant reached respectively 61.20 g/plant and 7.32 g/plant. Stover weight ratio and the lowest wet tuber was dominated by Cisarua that is 0.89, not significantly different with Local Batu, 0.64 but it was significantly different from other imported varieties of carrots. The length of carrot tuber leng this not different among varieties, that is 9.40 to 21.90 cm/tuber. Diameter of tuber and tubers core diameter of local and imported varieties were not significantly different except with Nantes Improved, which the range of each variety is between 26.00–27.63 mm and 15.93–17.87 mm. The heaviest weight was found at Local Cisarua, that is 41.87 g, followed by Flaker Giant, 32.3 g. For tuber weight, this is followed by Cisarua with weight of 18.53 g, it is highest and significantly different from Nantes Improved. For carrots weetness level, it was not significantly different. However, Cisarua has the value of 8,87oBrix, including its tuber core 7.43oBrix. Cisarua has good adaptation in low land, base on germination, tuber yield, attack of late blight and sweetness of tuber.
Identifikasi Gejala dan Kisaran Inang Enam Isolat Begomovirus Cabai di Indonesia (Symptom and Host Range Identification of Six Chilli Begomovirus Isolate in Indonesia) Redy Gaswanto; Muhamad Syukur; Sri Hendrastuti Hidayat; Neni Gunaeni
Jurnal Hortikultura Vol 26, No 2 (2016): Desember 2016
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Horticulture Research and Development

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jhort.v26n2.2016.p223-234

Abstract

Perkembangan infeksi Begomovirus pada cabai di Indonesia tidak menutup kemungkinan adanya isolat baru yang berbeda gejala dan kisaran inangnya. Tujuan penelitian adalah melakukan identifikasi isolat Begomovirus cabai dari beberapa sentra produksi di Indonesia berdasarkan gejala dan kisaran inangnya. Penelitian dilakukan di Laboratorium dan Rumah Kasa Virologi Balai Penelitian Tanaman Sayuran (Balitsa) Lembang, dari Bulan Mei 2013 sampai dengan Agustus 2013. Isolat Begomovirus cabai diperoleh dari enam daerah, yaitu Leuwikopo-Bogor, Brebes, Magelang, Kediri, Blitar, dan Karangploso-Malang. Isolat Begomovirus cabai tersebut diisolasi dan dipelihara pada benih tanaman cabai sehat varietas Tanjung-2 dengan cara ditularkan melalui serangga vektor Bemisia tabaci nonviruliferous. Deteksi isolat Begomovirus cabai secara polymerase chain reaction (PCR) menggunakan sepasang primer universal pAL1v1978/pAR1c715. Identifikasi gejala dan kisaran inang dilakukan pada sembilan jenis tanaman indikator, yaitu cabai, tomat, terung, kacang panjang, buncis, mentimun, babadotan, caisim, dan bayam duri. Penelitian menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok dengan tiga ulangan. Amplifikasi PCR menggunakan primer universal pAL1v1978/pAR1c715 terhadap enam isolat Begomovirus cabai berhasil memperoleh fragmen DNA berukuran 1.600 kb. Isolat Begomovirus cabai asal Brebes, Magelang, Kediri, Blitar, dan Karangploso berhasil ditularkan pada tanaman indikator cabai, tomat, terung, mentimun, kacang buncis, kacang panjang, dan babadotan, namun tidak berhasil ditularkan pada tanaman caisim dan bayam duri. Pada tanaman cabai, isolat Begomovirus asal Brebes lebih virulen 3,3–10% untuk tingkat kejadian penyakit dengan masa inkubasi lebih cepat 2,7–3,7 hari dibandingkan isolat Begomovirus asal Bogor, Magelang, Kediri, Blitar, dan Malang. Untuk kepastian perbedaan enam isolat Begomovirus cabai secara molekuler, disarankan untuk analisis perunutan DNA.KeywordsBegomovirus; Gejala; Kisaran inang; VirulenAbstractPossibility Begomovirus infection on chilli in Indonesia continually could appear a new isolate. The research was aimed at identifying chilli Begomovirus isolate from some chilli area in Indonesia according to their symptom dan host range. The research was conducted at virology’s Laboratory and Screen Net House of the Indonesian Vegetable Research Institute (IVEGRI), from May to August 2013. Chilli Begomovirus isolates from six area were collected, namely: Leuwikopo-Bogor, Brebes, Magelang, Kediri, Blitar, and Karangploso-Malang. All isolates were isolated and maintained to the healthy chilli seedling of Tanjung-2 variety transmitted by insect vector B. tabaci nonviruliferous. The molecular isolate detection by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using a pair of universal primers pAL1v1978/pAR1c715. Nine indicator plants were used to identify their symptom and host range, namely chilli, tomato, eggplant, yardlong bean, bean, cucumber, ageratum, caisim, and wild spinach. A randomized block design was used with three replications. Amplification on six chilli Begomovirus isolates. Isolates from Brebes, Magelang, Kediri, Blitar, and Karangploso were succesfully transmitted to various indicator plants, i.e chilli, tomato, eggplant, cucumber, bean, yardlong bean, and ageratum weed, but failed on caisim and wild spinach. Isolate from Brebes was 3.3–10.0% more virulent (disease incident parameter) and 2.7–3.7% days shorter (incubation time parameter) than isolate from Bogor, Magelang, Kediri, Blitar, and Malang. DNA sequencing analysis is recommended to be done. Further DNA sequencing was recommended to confirm the moleculer diffferences among the six chilli Begomovirus isolates.
Induksi Resistensi Tanaman Krisan Terhadap Puccinia horiana P. Henn. Dengan Menggunakan Ekstrak Tanaman Elisitor (Resistance Induction of Chrysanthemum Plant to Puccinia horiana P. Henn Using Elicitor Plant Extracts) nFN Hanudin; Wakiah Nuryani; Budi Marwoto
Jurnal Hortikultura Vol 26, No 2 (2016): Desember 2016
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Horticulture Research and Development

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jhort.v26n2.2016.p245-256

Abstract

Penyakit karat putih yang disebabkan oleh Puccinia horiana Henn. merupakan salah satu penyebab masalah yang paling penting pada tanaman krisan (Dendranthema grandiflora Tzvelev.). Serangan pada tanaman ini dapat menurunkan nilai komersial bunga krisan. Induksi resistensi merupakan salah satu strategi untuk mengendalikan penyakit ini. Beberapa jenis tanaman elisitor terbukti efektif meningkatkan ketahanan tanaman terhadap serangan berbagai jenis patogen. Tujuan penelitian adalah memperoleh minimal dua spesies ekstrak tanaman elisitor yang efektif menginduksi ketahanan tanaman krisan terhadap P. horiana, dan mendapatkan informasi kandungan asam salisilat pada tanaman krisan yang terbukti tahan terhadap P. horiana akibat perlakuan ekstrak tanaman elisitor. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Laboratorium dan Rumah Kaca Balai Penelitian Tanaman Hias pada Januari hingga Desember 2013. Tujuh tanaman elisitor yang diuji, yaitu daun tanaman ivy (Hedera helix), batang tanaman wilow (Salix sp.), daun bunga pukul empat (Mirabilis jalapa), daun Phytholacca americana (anti viral), daun kecubung (Datura suaveolens), daun pagoda (Clerodendron japonicum), dan daun lengkuas (Alpinia galanga) yang masing-masing diencerkan dengan perbandingan 1 : 1 w/v (100 g bagian bahan tananam digerus menggunakan mortal sampai halus, kemudian ditambah 100 ml larutan 0,01 M fosfat buffer pH 7,0). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak batang Salix sp. dan daun C. japonicum efektif menginduksi ketahanan tanaman krisan terhadap P. horiana dengan persentase penekanan masing-masing mencapai 80,20 dan 75,46%. Kandungan asam salisilat pada tanaman krisan tahan P. horiana yang diinduksi oleh tanaman elisitor, masing-masing bervariasi antara 1.767,55– 3.767,55 ppm. Pemanfaatan hasil penelitian ini dapat meningkatkan daya saing bunga krisan di pasar internasional melalui aplikasi ekstrak tanaman elisitor sehingga ramah lingkungan dan ekonomis.KeywordsDendranthema grandiflora; Efektivitas; Tanaman elisitor; Induksi resistensi; Puccinia horianaAbstractWhite rust disease caused by Puccinia horiana Henn. Is one of the most important problems in chrysanthemum (Dendranthema grandiflora Tzvelev.) cultivation system. Attacks on these plants can reduce the commercial value of the Chrysanthemum flowers. Induction of resistance is one of reliable strategies for controlling the disease. Some types of plants elicitor are proved to be effective to improve plant resistance to various pathogens. The purpose of this study is to obtain at least two species of plant extracts that its effective to induce plant resistance to P. horiana of chrysanthemum, and obtain information on the content of salicylic acid of resistant plant has been induced by application of plant elicitor extract. The research was conducted in the Laboratory and Greenhouse Indonesian Ornamental Crops Research Institute conducted between January until December 2013. Seven elicitor plants that are leaf ivy (Hedera helix), the plant stem willow (Salix sp.). Leaves flowers at four o’clock (Mirabilis jalapa) , leaves Phytholacca americana (anti-viral), cone-shaped leaves (Datura suaveolens), leaf pagoda (Clerodendron japonicum), and leaves galangal (Alpinia galanga), were tested. Each of which is diluted in the ratio 1: 1 w / v (100 g of the material plants crushed using a mortal until smooth, then add 100 ml of 0.01 M phosphate buffer pH 7.0). The results showed that stem extract of Salix sp. and the leaves extract of C. japonicum were effectively induced plant resistance to P. horiana of chrysanthemum with emphasis percentages respectively reached 80.20 and 75.46%. Salicylic acid content in chrysanthemum effectively induced by elicitor plants, each contained varying between 1,767.55 to 3,767.55 ppm. The used of leave extract of both species can improve resistance plant species.
Karakter Morfo-Fisiologi Daun Tiga Jenis Plantlet Anggrek Pada Tahapan Aklimatisasi (Leaf Morpho-Physiological Characters of Three Orchid Species on an Acclimatization Stage) Arief Priyadi; Ema Hendriyani
Jurnal Hortikultura Vol 26, No 2 (2016): Desember 2016
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Horticulture Research and Development

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jhort.v26n2.2016.p143-152

Abstract

Teknik perbanyakan secara in vitro memerlukan kondisi lingkungan yang terkendali untuk mengoptimalkan pertumbuhan plantlet. Namun, saat plantlet dipindahkan pada fase ex vitro dengan kondisi lingkungan tidak terkendali sering terjadi kematian plantlet. Oleh karena itu aklimatisasi merupakan tahap penting pada transplantasi plantlet dari fase in vitro ke fase ex vitro. Selama 10 tahun ini Kebun Raya Eka Karya Bali (KREKB) bersama tiga Kebun Raya Indonesia (KR Bogor, KR Cibodas, dan KR Purwodadi) aktif berperan dalam upaya konservasi anggrek alam secara in vitro. Bulbophyllum echinolabium, Dendrobium fimbriatum, dan D. spectabile merupakan jenis anggrek alam yang telah berhasil diperbanyak secara in vitro di KREKB. Walaupun upaya perbanyakan ini telah lama dilakukan, tetapi tahapan aklimatisasi baru dilaksanakan pada tahun 2012. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi tahapan aklimatisasi plantlet dari tiga jenis anggrek alam hasil kultur in vitro di KREKB. Perlakuan pertama tahapan aklimatisasi adalah pemberian sungkup dengan tujuan mengurangi fluktuasi kelembaban udara. Sungkup perlahan-lahan dibuka secara bertahap selama 1 bulan agar plantlet dapat beradaptasi dengan kondisi lingkungan terbuka. Perlakuan kedua adalah penyiraman 2–3 kali/minggu dan pemberian pupuk daun sebanyak 1 kali/minggu. Tahapan ini dilakukan selama 14–16 bulan sejak penanaman. Persentase plantlet yang hidup dihitung secara periodik. Pada akhir tahapan aklimatisasi, dilakukan pengamatan karakter stomata dari ketiga jenis anggrek tersebut meliputi ukuran, densitas, dan pola buka-tutupnya selama 24 jam periode pengamatan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sebanyak 25–45% plantlet dapat bertahan hidup hingga akhir penelitian. Ukuran stomata pada tiap spesies bervariasi, stomata terbesar dimiliki oleh B. echinolabium. Densitas stomata antara daun tua dan muda tidak menunjukkan pola yang sama. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa karakter densitas stomata lebih dipengaruhi oleh spesies spesifik, sedangkan pengamatan terhadap pola buka tutup stomata pada D. fimbriatun dan D. spectabile menunjukkan bahwa kedua jenis anggrek tersebut memiliki tipe fotosintesis CAM, sedangkan pada B. echinolabium merupakan anggrek dengan tipe fotosintesis C3. Informasi ini tidak hanya penting untuk menentukan perlakuan yang tepat selama tahapan aklimatisasi tetapi juga untuk keefektifan aplikasi penyiraman dan pemupukan sehingga mendukung keberhasilan budidaya.KeywordAklimatisasi anggrek; Stomata; C3; CAMAbstractIn vitro plant propagation technique requires strict controls of its environmental conditions in order to optimize growth of plantlets. However, when the plantlets are moved to uncontrolled condition, the plantlets are often collaps. In this regards, acclimatization practices play important roles to provide transitional conditions from fully in vitro fully ex vitro. During the last 10 years, Bali Botanic Garden (BBG) has been actively involved in the in vitro propagation of species orchids, along with three other Botanic Gardens in Indonesia (Bogor, Cibodas, and Purwodadi). Bulbophyllum echinolabium, Dendrobium fimbriatum, and D. spectabile have been among the first succeded in vitro propagated species orchids by BBG. Despite of long periods of orchid in vitro propagation efforts, acclimatization practices was not started until 2012. This experiment was carried out to evaluate the acclimatization step of in vitro propagated native species orchid in BBG. Plantlets of three species of orchids were planted ex vitro. First of all, plastic sheet cover was applied to minimize air relative humidity fluctuation. After a month, the sheet was gradually opened until the plantlets were able to survive without cover. The second practices were water spraying 2–3 times a week and foliar fertilization each week. These were conducted in a period of 14 – 16 months since the planting date. Percentage of survived plantlets were recorded time after time. By the end of the acclimatization period, a series of stomatal observations were performed to asses its size, density, and opening-closing rhytm in a 24 hours period. The results showed that 25% to 45% of plantlets succeded to survive. Stomatal size varied across species, in which the largest is B. echinolabium’s and stomatal size of D. fimbriatum and D. spectabile were comparable each other. There was no general pattern of stomatal density between mature and young leaves because this trait seemed to be species specific. Diurnal stomatal opening-closing rhytm suggested that D. fimbriatum and D. spectabile are orchids with CAM photosynthetic pathway whereas the pathway of B. echinolabium is C3. Information on these characters was not only important to formulate best practices in acclimatization efforts but also further cultural practices such as watering and foliar fertilizer applications.
Karakterisasi dan Evaluasi Markisa Asam Hibrid Hasil Persilangan Markisa Asam Ungu dan Merah (Passiflora sp.) (Characterization and Evaluation of Passion Fruit Acid Hybrid from Purple and Red Passion Fruit Acid Crossing) Agustina Erlinda Marpaung; nFN Karsinah; Bina Br Karo
Jurnal Hortikultura Vol 26, No 2 (2016): Desember 2016
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Horticulture Research and Development

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jhort.v26n2.2016.p163-170

Abstract

Persilangan merupakan upaya memperbesar keragaman genetik dengan memadukan sifat tetua untuk mendapatkan varietas unggul. Saat ini tanaman markisa ungu merupakan buah yang memiliki nilai ekonomi tinggi, dan sebagai bahan baku untuk pembuatan sirup. Namun, bobot buah markisa ungu tergolong kecil sehingga perlu dilakukan persilangan antara markisa asam ungu dan merah untuk mendapatkan markisa asam hibrid yang lebih unggul. Penelitian bertujuan mengetahui karakter calon varietas markisa asam hasil persilangan markisa asam ungu dan markisa asam merah, dan melihat keunggulannya dibandingkan dengan markisa asam ungu. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Kebun Percobaan Berastagi, Kecamatan Dolat Rayat, Kabupaten Karo, Provinsi Sumatera Utara, dengan ketinggian tempat 1.340 m di atas permukaan laut (dpl.) dan jenis tanah Andisol. Kegiatan dilakukan pada kurun waktu 2008 – 2010 dengan kegiatan meliputi persilangan antara markisa asam ungu dan merah, serta karakterisasi dan evaluasi yang dilakukan pada benih, daun, dan buah dari markisa asam hibrid dan tetuanya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa markisa asam hibrid mempunyai beberapa keunggulan, antara lain bobot buah lebih besar (110–130 g) dibanding markisa asam ungu dan merah (49,52 – 56,08 g dan 79,21 – 120,51 g), sari buah kental, ukuran buah lebih besar, dan sedikit beraroma jambu biji. Kandungan kimia buah (total padatan terlarut/TSS) buah markisa asam hibrid secara umum sama dengan markisa asam ungu, yaitu 16o Brix, sedangkan markisa asam merah nilainya lebih tinggi, yaitu 19o Brix. Total asam markisa asam hibrid lebih tinggi dibanding dengan kedua tetuanya 4,42%, sedangkan vitamin C lebih rendah, 34,65 mg/100 g bahan. Hasil preferensi konsumen terhadap rasa buah markisa asam ungu dan hibrid menunjukkan bahwa para panelis menyukai rasa kedua markisa tersebut, sedangkan untuk aroma, markisa asam ungu lebih disukai dibanding markisa asam hibrid.KeywordsPassiflora sp.; Markisa asam; Karakterisasi; Evaluasi; PersilanganAbstractCrosses are an attempt to enlarge the genetic diversity by combining the properties of elders to obtain superior varieties. The current crop of purple passion fruit is a fruit that has a high economic value, and as a raw material for the manufacture of syrup, purple passion fruit weight relatively small, so that should be a cross between purple and red passion fruit acids to get a greater hybrid passion fruit. The aim of the research was to know the character of passion fruit candidate variety from crosses between purple and red passion fruit, and to know a greater quality compared with purple passion fruit. The research conducted in Berastagi Experimental Garden, District Dolat Rayat, Karo, North Sumatera, with a height of 1,340 m above sea level (asl.) and the type of soil is Andisol. The activities conducted in 2008 – 2010 with activities include crossing between purple and red passion fruit acid, characterization, and evaluation made in the seeds, leaves, and fruit to hybrid passion fruit acid and its parents. The result showed that hybrid passion fruit acid has several advantages, there are fruit weight bigger (110 – 130 g) compared to purple and red passion fruit (49.52 – 56.08 g and 79.21 – 120.51 g), condensed juice, fruit size is larger and slightly scented guava. Chemical ingredients fruit (total dissolved solids/TSS) passion fruit acids are generally the same hybrid with a purple passion fruit acid that is 160o Brix, while the red passion fruit acid value is higher 19o Brix. Total acid hybrid passion fruit acid higher than parent plants 4.42%, while vitamin C is lower 34.65 mg/100 g of material. The result of consumer preference for the taste of purple passion fruit acids and hybrid showed that the panelists liked the taste of the passion fruit, while the aroma, purple passion fruit acid is preferred over sour passion fruit hybrid.
Sinergisme Jamur Entomopatogen Metarhizium anisopliae Dengan Insektisida Kimia untuk Meningkatkan Mortalitas Ulat Bawang Spodoptera exigua Ahsol Hasyim; Wiwin Setiawati; Abdi Hudayya; nFN Luthfy
Jurnal Hortikultura Vol 26, No 2 (2016): Desember 2016
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Horticulture Research and Development

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jhort.v26n2.2016.p257-266

Abstract

(Synergism Entomopathogenic Fungus Metarhizium anisopliae and Chemical Insecticide to Increase the Mortality of Armyworm, Spodoptera exigua)Hama ulat bawang Spodoptera exigua (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) merupakan salah satu hama penting pada tanaman bawang di Indonesia. Jamur entomopatogen terutama Metarhizium anisopliae telah banyak digunakan untuk mengendalikan hama serangga. Keefektivitasan jamur entomopatogen M. anisopliae bila diaplikasikan secara tunggal untuk pengendalian hama hasilnya belum memuaskan. Oleh karena itu perlu dilakukan usaha untuk meningkatkan keefektifan jamur entomopatogen tersebut dengan melakukan pencampuran dengan insektisida kimia. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui sinergisme campuran jamur entomopatogen M. anisopliae dengan insektisida kimia terhadap mortalitas larva S. exigua instar ke-3 di laboratorium. Percobaan dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Entomologi Balai Penelitian Tanaman Sayuran di Lembang ( ± 1.250 m dpl.), mulai bulan Juni sampai Oktober 2014. Larva S. exigua dikumpulkan dari pertanaman petani bawang merah di daerah Cirebon, Jawa Barat dan diperbanyak di Rumah Kasa Balai Penelitian Tanaman Sayuran. Penelitian dilaksanakan dalam dua tahap kegiatan, yaitu (1) uji pendahuluan dosis jamur M. anisopliae dan dosis insektisida kimia dan (2) uji campuran jamur M. anisopliae dengan dosis sublethal insektisida kimia. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah rancangan acak lengkap yang terdiri atas enam perlakuan dan empat ulangan. Penelitian menggunakan metode pencelupan. Mortalitas larva S. exigua diamati mulai 24 jam sampai dengan 168 jam setelah perlakuan. Data mortalitas larva diolah menggunakan analisis probit untuk menetapkan nilai LC50. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa nilai LC50 insektisida kimia yang terendah diperoleh dari insektisida abamektin, yaitu 482,34 ppm dan yang tertinggi diperoleh dari jamur M. anisopliae, yaitu 1.189, 83 ppm. Nilai LC50 campuran insektisida, campuran jamur M. anisopliae dengan insektisida abamektin menunjukkan efek sinergistik dan meningkatkan efikasi 24,45 kali lipat jika dibandingkan dengan jamur M. anisopliae secara tunggal. Kombinasi jamur entomopatogen dengan insektisida konsentrasi sublethal dapat meningkatkan kemampuan jamur entomopatogen dalam mengendalikan S. exigua sehingga dapat memperlambat terjadinya resistensi insektisida.KeywordsSinergisme; Insektisida kimia; Jamur Metarhizium anisopliae; Mortalitas larva; Spodoptera exiguaAbstractThe beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is a serious pest of shallot in Indonesia. Many entomopathogenic fungi especially Metarhizium anisopliae are used as biological control agents of insects pests. But, the control of pest in crops with entomopathogens fungi, M. anisopliae alone is still not effective. Therefore it is necessary to improve the effectiveness of the entomopathogenic fungus by mixing with chemical insecticides. The aim of the study was to determine the sinergism of entomopathogenic fungi with insecticides to control third instar of S. exigua larvae under laboratory condition. The experiment was conducted at Indonesian Vegetables Research Institute Lembang (±1,250 m asl.), from June to October 2014. Sample of S. exigua larvae were collected from farmers’ field in Cirebon, West Java and mass production was carried in a screenhouse. Two bioassay steps were performed i.e. (1) preliminery test of entomopatogenic doses and insecticide doses and (2) the combination of sublethal doses of insecticide and several doses of M. anisopliae. The experimental design used was completely randomized design consisted of six treatments and four replications. Dipping method was used in this research. Mortality of S. exigua larvae was observed at 24 hours after exposures and repeated every 24 hours up to 168 hours of expo sures. The mortality data was analyzed using probit analysis to determine the LC50 values. The analysis showed that the LC50 value of the lowest chemical insecticides derived from insecticides abamectin that is 482,34 ppm and the highest obtained from the fungus M. anisopliae that is 1,189,83 ppm. Based on LC50 value of insecticides mixtures, the addition of abamectin insecticide to the entomopathogenic fungi, M. anisopliae, indicated synergism and increased their efficacy by 24,45 times higher, compared to M. anisopliae alone. Entomopathogenic fungi, M. anisopliae in combination with sublethal concentration of insecticides could increase the fungal ability in controlling S. exigua and also could be useful to abate insecticide resistance.

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