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INDONESIA
Jurnal AgroBiogen
Published by Kementerian Pertanian
ISSN : 19071094     EISSN : 25491547     DOI : -
Core Subject : Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry
Jurnal AgroBiogen memuat artikel primer dan sekunder hasil penelitian bioteknologi dan sumberdaya genetik tanaman, serangga, dan mikroba pertanian. Jurnal ini diterbitkan tiga kali setahun pada bulan April, Agustus dan Oktober oleh Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Bioteknologi dan Sumberdaya Genetik Pertanian
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 252 Documents
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Dampak Tanaman Transgenik Bt terhadap Populasi Serangga Pengendali Hayati Bahagiawati A. Husin
Jurnal AgroBiogen Vol 1, No 2 (2005): Oktober
Publisher : Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Bioteknologi dan Sumber Daya Genetik Pertanian

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jbio.v1n2.2005.p76-84

Abstract

An alternative technique to improve plant resistance to insect pests is plant transformation using the genetic engineering technology. Several transgenic plants resistant to insect have been produced and commercially released to environment in some industrial and developing countries. Before release, transgenic plants need to be assessed for their potential risks to human health and environment. One of the environmental risk assessments is the potential risk to non-target insects, including the biocontrol insects. Laboratories, glasshouse, and field experiments have been conducting the study of the impact of transgenic plant resistance to insect, especially transgenic Bt plants to the population of predators and parasitoids. However the results were controversial. The objective of this review is to inform some of controversial results, and to suggest serial experiments need to be done to solve the problem. The impact of the transgenic plant resistance to insects depends on several factors, such as genes that are used to transform the plants, the kind of plant pests, and the kind and stages of the insect natural enemies. Results of the experiments were influenced by sites of the experiments (laboratory, glasshouse, or field) and contact of the natural enemies to the toxin. Some experiments showed that the transgenic Bt plants have no impact to the natural enemies population, and otherwise. Due to the controversial results, the experiment and assessment should be done in depth and carefully studied. A sequential experiments need to be adopted to avoid the misleading interpretation, and the assessment need to be based on a case by case study.
Penggunaan Aksis Jantung Pisang untuk Penyediaan Sumber Eksplan Bebas Bakteri Ika Roostika; Yati Supriyati; Agus Sutanto
Jurnal AgroBiogen Vol 11, No 3 (2015): Desember
Publisher : Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Bioteknologi dan Sumber Daya Genetik Pertanian

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jbio.v11n3.2015.p103-110

Abstract

The sterile culture is very important in cryopreservation works. Bacterial-free explant sources are difficult to obtain during invitro culture of banana. Floral bud is expected as bacterial-free explant sources because the organ emerges above the groundand protected by bracts. The purposes of this study are to obtain optimal concentration of BA to regenerate male bud floralaxis explants of Barangan variety and to prove that cultures derived from these explants were free from bacterialcontamination. Two-millimeter pieces of male bud floral axis of Barangan variety were planted on MS medium containing of 1μM IAA, 200 g/l CH, and 2% sucrose. Experiment was arranged in Completely Randomized Design with the treatment of BA (5,10, 15, 20, and 25 μM) in 10 replications. Subculture was conducted by using MS media containing of 10 μM BA and 1 μM IAA.The variable observed were percentage of browning, number of nodules, number of shoots, number of normal shoots,number of abnormal shoots, and number of nonsurvived shoots. The screening towards bacterial contamination wasconducted by using medium containing of 10 g/l trypton, 10 g/l glucose, and 5 g/l yeast extract. The results showed that theexplants could regenerate into shoots. The 25 μM BA was the best treatment because it could produce the highest number oftotal and normal shoots, i.e. 9.2 shoots/explant and 6 shoots/explant, respectively. All of the shoots regenerated from male budfloral axis were 100% free from bacterial contamination, whereas all of the shoots regenerated from suckers werecontaminated by bacteria.
Perbanyakan dan Konservasi In Vitro Plasma Nutfah Talas (Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schoot) Nurwita Dewi; Bambang S. Purwoko; Ida Hanarida; Agus Purwito; Iswari S. Dewi
Jurnal AgroBiogen Vol 8, No 3 (2012): Desember
Publisher : Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Bioteknologi dan Sumber Daya Genetik Pertanian

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jbio.v8n3.2012.p105-112

Abstract

Taro is a potential source of carbohydratefor anticipation of climate change. In vitro technology havenot been widely implemented for tuber crops conservation.Conservation of the crops is mostly conducted in field. Suchconservation is very susceptible to biotic and abiotic stress.The research consisted of two activities i.e: micropropagationand conservation. The objectives were to obtain taro invitro propagation and conservation method. The trial wasarranged in a factorial design with six replications. Five taroaccessions were used as the first factor for each study. Thesecond factor in propagation study was propagation mediumi.e: MS; MS + 2.9 μM IAA + 4.4 μM BA and MS + 2.9 μM IAA+ 22,2 μM BA. Shoot tip from taro sucker was used asexplant. The second factor in conservation study was MSmedium containing mannitol (0, 30, 40, and 50 g/l). Twoleavesin vitro shoots from micropropagation study was usedas explants. The addition of BA in MS medium + 2.9 μM IAAincreased the number of shoot of taro germplasm. The bestmedium for micropropagation of taro germplasm No. 21 andTalas Jahe is MS + 2,9 μM IAA + 4,4 μM BA, whereas thebest medium for No. 503, Talas Jahe and Lumbu Banten isMS + 2,9 μM IAA + 22,2 μM BA. Based on data of plantheight, percentage of leaf life and shelf life, MS medium +manitol 40 g/l was the best medium for taro germplasmconservation with prolong sub-culture interval.
Analisis Keragaman Genetik Acremonium yang Berasosiasi dengan Tanaman Gaharu Menggunakan Teknik Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) Dewi Rahmawati; Nurita Toruan-Mathius
Jurnal AgroBiogen Vol 5, No 2 (2009): Oktober
Publisher : Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Bioteknologi dan Sumber Daya Genetik Pertanian

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jbio.v5n2.2009.p65-70

Abstract

Agarwoodor gaharu is a plant that has a high economic value in Asia,due to its use for production of incense and traditionalmedicines. The agarwood formation occurs in the trunk androots of trees that have been infected by a fungus, such asAcremonium spp. Various fungi were associated with theagarwood formation. Acremonium is generally considered ashighly polyphyletic, contains distantly related fungi. A studywas done to identify genetic diversities in 10 isolates ofAcremonium spp. from four different areas in Indonesia thatare associated with Aquilaria and Gyrinops verstigii using theRandom Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) technique.Eight RAPD primers, i.e., OPA 02, OPB 04, OPB 07, OPB 17,OPC 11, OPD 03, OPD 05, and OPE 07 were used in theanalyses. The results indicated that similarity index values ofthe genetic variation ranged from 0.21 to 0.97. Based on theNei and Li’s similarity coefficients, these values indicatingthe presence of high degree of genetic variability. The lowestdegree of genetic similarity were found between isolates F(Acremonium spp., which is associated with G. verstigii fromMataram, Nusa Tenggara Barat), and LM2 from south coastalarea of West Sumatra. The highest genetic similarity value(0.97) was found between isolates Sr2 and Sr4 from Sorong,Papua. Results from the cluster analysis indicated that theisolates could be grouped into two major clusters that wereassociated with their geographical locations.
Peningkatan Toleransi Alumunium pada Jeruk Batang Bawah dengan Teknik Seleksi In Vitro Berulang Mia Toruan Kosmiatin; Rosa Yunita; Ali Husni
Jurnal AgroBiogen Vol 6, No 1 (2010): April
Publisher : Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Bioteknologi dan Sumber Daya Genetik Pertanian

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jbio.v6n1.2010.p33-39

Abstract

Aluminum Tolerance Improvement of Rootstock Citrusthrough Repeated In Vitro Selection. Mia Kosmiatin,Rosa Yunita, and Ali Husni. National orange productivitywas trend to decrease because of pathogen attack andreducing of planting area. One of alternative ways topreserve and increase orange productivity was usingmarginal soil mainly acid soil. This matter pushed thebreeder to prepare tolerant rootstock and stable in the acidsoil. In vitro culture technique was effective and efficientmethods to produce tolerant and stable rootstock in acid soilthrough simulation of acid soil with addition of highaluminum and low pH in the medium. By the simulation theselection could be done in cell level, so cell was selectedafter induction of variation. A rootstock which highcompatibility with scion, useful rooting, and aluminumtolerance could be increased orange productivity throughacid soil development. The research was conducted in 3phase: (1) induction of embryogenic calli, (2) improvementof genetic variation through mutation, and (3) In vitroselection with AlCl3.6H2O for aluminum and low pH tolerant.Immature embryos of rootstock were use as explant. Theresult showed that the best embryogenic calli were inducedon MS basal medium with MW vitamin + NAA 7,5 mg/l +kinetin 0,5 mg/l. Before selection, 1.000 rad dosage was themost tolerant dosage to growth embryogenic calli. Afterselection, 2.000 rad dosage was the best dosage to produceshoots which stable tolerant to aluminum. Selected 88mutant shoots were produced after three times selection onthe same medium which AlCl3.6H2O added at low pH.
Manfaat Sekuen Genom Lengkap dalam Identifikasi Gen: Peranan Kelompok Gen Actin-myosin dalam Sistem Pertahanan Tanaman Reflinur Reflinur; Dwinita Wikan Utami
Jurnal AgroBiogen Vol 1, No 1 (2005): April
Publisher : Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Bioteknologi dan Sumber Daya Genetik Pertanian

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jbio.v1n1.2005.p38-44

Abstract

Complete genome sequencing of Arabidopsis thaliana and rice (Oryza sativa) were accomplished in 2000 and 2004, respectively. The availability of high quality genome sequences of A. thaliana and rice amenable for identification and understanding of the structure and functional genes in the plant genome. One of the genes family that have been investigated is the actin-myosin genes. This genes family contributes to signalling process of the plant defence mechanism. This paper focuses on phylogenetic characterization and activation of actin-myosin genes family with emphasis on involvement on the plant defence mechanism.
Interaksi AtMEK1-EXGT pada Arabidopsis thaliana pada Saat Terjadi Pelukaan Toto Hadiarto; Fumio Nanba
Jurnal AgroBiogen Vol 4, No 2 (2008): Oktober
Publisher : Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Bioteknologi dan Sumber Daya Genetik Pertanian

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jbio.v4n2.2008.p59-64

Abstract

Proteininteractions occur within cellular level of stimulated plantcells to relay signals from receptors to production of response.AtMEK1-EXGT interaction had been detected in nontreatedArabidopsis. In this research, interaction betweenAtMEK1, a mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase ofArabidopsis thaliana, and EXGT, endoxyloglucan transferase,after the plant was wounded was examined usingco-immunoprecipitation and in vitro phosphorylation assay.The results demonstrated that EXGT interact with AtMEK1soon after and 10 minutes after wounding. In addition,AtMEK1 phosphorylation activity increased when increasedlevel of EXGT was incorporated into the reaction mixture.These indicate that EXGT amplifies wound-caused phosphorylationactivity of AtMEK1. The results elucidate part ofthe AtMEKK1-AtMEK1-AtMPK4 cascade which is stimulatedby wounding. How the complex interaction between EXGT,AtMEK1 and AtMPK4 fits within the cascade is remained tobe uncovered.
Pemurnian Parsial dan Karakterisasi Kitinase Asal Jamur Entomopatogen Beauveria bassiana Isolat BB200109 Yadi Suryadi; Tri P. Priyatno; I Made Samudra; Dwi N. Susilowati; Nuni Lawati; Eman Kustaman
Jurnal AgroBiogen Vol 9, No 2 (2013): Agustus
Publisher : Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Bioteknologi dan Sumber Daya Genetik Pertanian

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jbio.v9n2.2013.p77-84

Abstract

Beauveria bassiana is one of theentomopathogenic fungus that produces chitinase wheninfecting its host. This study was aimed to purify, isolate andcharacterize chitinase of B. bassiana isolate BB200109.Pathogen identity was determined both morphologically andmolecularly using ITS primer, whilst characterization wasdone at various conditions i.e. temperature, pH, metal ionand incubation time. Results showed that the BB200109isolate belonged to B. bassiana. The isolate producedextracellular chitinase with chitinolytic index of 1.035. Partialpurification of three saturated ammonium sulphateprecipitation (10, 30, and 70%) showed maximum purity of1.2 times, while dialysis could increase the purity of 1.9times compared to that of crude enzyme extract.Characterization results showed that the chitinase isolatedfrom B. bassiana isolate BB200109 had an optimum activityat pH 4, temperature 50oC, and optimum incubation time of90 minutes. The effect of metal ions (60 mM) Mn2+ served asactivator, while EDTA, K+, Mg2+, Cu2+, Fe2+, Zn2+, and Na+acted as inhibitors. The chitinase demonstrated loweraffinity to chitin substrate as indicated by high Km value of0.266 mg/l and a Vmax of 0.067 mg/l sec. Based on SDS-PAGE,chitinase from B. bassiana isolate BB200109 had molecularweight of 60.25 kDa. The study implied the potency ofB. bassiana isolate BB200109 as extracellular chitinaseproducer with its enzyme charateristics seems to bedeveloped as an insect biocontrol agent.
Karakterisasi secara Morfologi Abnormalitas Embrio Somatik Kelapa Sawit (Elaeis guineensis Jacq) dari Eksplan Daun Nesti F Sianipar; Gustav A Wattimena; Hajrial Aswidinnoor; Maggy Thenawidjaya S; Nurita Toruan-Mathius,; Gale Ginting
Jurnal AgroBiogen Vol 3, No 1 (2007): April
Publisher : Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Bioteknologi dan Sumber Daya Genetik Pertanian

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jbio.v3n1.2007.p32-39

Abstract

Morphological Characterization on Abnormalities of Oilpalm(Elaeis guineensis Jacq) Embryo Somatic Generatedfrom Leaf Explant. Nesti F. Sianipar, Gustav A.Wattimena, Hajrial Aswidinnoor, Maggy ThenawidjayaS., Nurita Toruan-Mathius, and Gale Ginting. Somaticembryogenesis is the development of somatic cells to form astructure alike zygotic embryo direct or indirectly. Somaticembryos from young leaf explants could be induced fromprimary callus formed surrounding the palm-leaf rib. Embryogeniccallus will develop to be somatic embryos whichgrew nonuniformly. Embryo somatic growth pattern ofglobular, asymmetric heart shape, and cotyledon ary stageproduced different morphological variation. Morphologicalvariability of in vitro somatic embryos could be due to highapplication of growth regulator 2,4-D at the beginning ofinitiation, subculture frequency, loaded cells, and polysomiccells from certain tissues. From the three clones used,which were clone 638, 636, and 558, there were differentvariation at each step of development stages, groupingmorphologically into normal and abnormal based on thedevelopment of somatic embryos. The percentage of abnormalityfrom the three clone used was clone 27% (638), 30%(636), and 46% (558). The normal somatic embryos at globularstage were round and bipolar shaped; while the abnormalembryos were oval and no bipolar. At heart-shape stage,the normal somatic embryos had symmetrical polarized surface;while the abnormal embryos had asymmetrical polarizedsurface. At the cotyledon stage, the normal embryoshad monocot-tyledon; the abnormal ones were more thanone cotyledon.
Regeneration of Pruatjan (Pimpinella pruatjan Molk): Axillary Bud Proliferation and Encapsulation Ika Roostika; Ireng Darwati; Ika Mariska
Jurnal AgroBiogen Vol 2, No 2 (2006): Oktober
Publisher : Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Bioteknologi dan Sumber Daya Genetik Pertanian

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jbio.v2n2.2006.p68-73

Abstract

Purwoceng (Pimpinella alpina KDS atau Pimpinella pruatjan Molk.) merupakan tanaman obat asli Indonesia yang terancam punah. Akarnya dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai obat afrodisiak, diuretik, dan tonik. Teknik kultur in vitro merupakan teknologi alternatif yang dapat diterapkan untuk konservasi dan perbanyakan tanaman tersebut. Mikropropagasi telah dilakukan melalui jalur organogenesis dengan proliferasi tunas aksilar dan enkapsulasi. Penelitian dilakukan di Laboratorium Kultur Jaringan BB-Biogen, Bogor mulai tahun 2004 hingga 2005. Penelitian ini terbagi atas empat percobaan, yaitu (1) optimasi lingkungan tumbuh kultur, (2) optimasi formulasi media untuk proliferasi tunas aksilar dan enkapsulasi tunas aksilar, (3) induksi perakaran, dan (4) aklimatisasi. Kondisi lingkungan kultur yang optimum adalah di growth chamber dengan suhu 9oC dan intensitas cahaya 1000 lux. Formulasi media terbaik untuk proliferasi tunas aksilar adalah media DKW dengan penambahan BA 4 ppm dengan eksplan berupa tunas tanpa daun. Penggunaan arginin 100 ppm lebih baik daripada glutamin 100 ppm dan modifikasi vitamin (mioinositol 100 ppm dan thiamine-HCl 1 ppm). Pada media yang sama, pertumbuhan tunas aksilar terenkapsulasi juga paling baik dan tunas tersebut dapat menembus kapsul alginat setelah 4 minggu dalam periode in vitro (85%). Penggunaan NAA 1,0 ppm menginduksi perakaran paling cepat (40 hari) dengan persentase perakaran paling tinggi (100%). Vermikulit bertekstur kasar paling baik untuk aklimatisasi tunas aksilar terenkapsulasi sedangkan arang sekam paling baik untuk aklimatisasi planlet.

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