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INDONESIA
Jurnal AgroBiogen
Published by Kementerian Pertanian
ISSN : 19071094     EISSN : 25491547     DOI : -
Core Subject : Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry
Jurnal AgroBiogen memuat artikel primer dan sekunder hasil penelitian bioteknologi dan sumberdaya genetik tanaman, serangga, dan mikroba pertanian. Jurnal ini diterbitkan tiga kali setahun pada bulan April, Agustus dan Oktober oleh Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Bioteknologi dan Sumberdaya Genetik Pertanian
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 252 Documents
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Sebelas Tahun Perkembangan Jagung Bt dan Statusnya secara Global M. Herman
Jurnal AgroBiogen Vol 3, No 2 (2007): Oktober
Publisher : Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Bioteknologi dan Sumber Daya Genetik Pertanian

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jbio.v3n2.2007.p73-79

Abstract

Major insect pests of corn are the Asiancorn borer, the European corn borer, and the corn rootworm. The value of crop losses due to the insect pests inAmerica is $2.6 billion, Asia $1.6 billion, Africa $0.8 billion,and Europe $0.6 billion. Prior to the use of Bt corn, farmersused a lot of insecticides to control the insect pests.Following introduction of the Bt corn in 1996, this crop hasbeen grown over 21 million hectares by millions of farmersfrom 13 countries in North America, Latin America, Asia,Africa and Europe. Globally, the farmers had been benefitedby grownt the Bt corn. The benefits varies, dependent oncountries and level of the corn borer infestations. In 2001,the US farmers gained $125 million benefit from growing thecrop. In 2002, farmers in Spain gained 11-15 million benefitfrom the Bt corn alone. During the period of 2003-2005, cornfarmers in the Philippines gained $8 million from the Bt corn.Bt corn has not been grown commercially in Indonesia,although Bt corn MON810 has been declared as save torelease in the environment by the Indonesian BiosafetyCommittee. In 2001-2002, farmers in South Sulawesi withhad grown Bt cotton, this was the first time Bt crop in thecountry since the placement and implementation of thebiosafety regulation by the Indonesian Government in 1998.
Pengaruh Retardan Paklobutrazol terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Pemulihan Dua Aksesi Ubi Kayu Surya Diantina; Darda Efendi; Ika Mariska
Jurnal AgroBiogen Vol 11, No 3 (2015): Desember
Publisher : Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Bioteknologi dan Sumber Daya Genetik Pertanian

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jbio.v11n3.2015.p95-102

Abstract

Normal growth medium is not effective for in vitro conservation due to the risk of somaclonal variation that may increase dueto short interval between subculture. Two experiments involving growth retardant paclobutrazol (PBZ) were conducted toreduce explants growth and extend subculture interval. In order to develop medium-term conservation of cassava, therecovery of plantlets after in vitro storage was also observed. Accession 433 and 450 were used in two independentexperiments. Completely Randomized Design was used with three replications. PBZ at 0, 3.4, 6.8, and 10.2 μM weresupplemented onto MS medium + arginin 100 ppm. Observation was done on shoot length, number of nodes and leaves, andnumber of white and senescence leaves. The results showed that after nine months without subculture, both cassavaaccessions showed different results in in vitro growth and their recovery. PBZ 3.4 μM performed as the best treatment inaccession 433 and 450 to reduce in vitro growth and their recovery after storage.
Keragaman Genetik 50 Aksesi Plasma Nutfah Kedelai Berdasarkan Sepuluh Penanda Mikrosatelit Chaerani Chaerani; Nurul Hidayatun; Dwinita Wikan Utami
Jurnal AgroBiogen Vol 7, No 2 (2011): Oktober
Publisher : Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Bioteknologi dan Sumber Daya Genetik Pertanian

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jbio.v7n2.2011.p96-105

Abstract

Genetic Diversity of 50 Soybean Accessions Based on TenMicrosatellite Markers. Chaerani, Nurul Hidayatun, andDwinita W. Utami. Soybean accessions in germplasmcollection have increased in number as a result ofexploration, introduction as well as development or releaseof new commercial varieties. This complicates accurate andreliable evaluation of an accession for purposes of utilizationin breeding program and discrimination of a newcommercial variety for purposes of plant variety protection.The aims of this study were to identify the genetic diversityof soybean germplasm to complement the existingphenotypic database as the basis for efficient managementand accurate discrimination of commercial varieties, and toidentify potential parents for hybridizations. Fifty soybeanaccessions consisting of 12 released varieties, 32 localvarieties, and 6 introductions were analyzed usingmicrosatellite DNA markers based on semi-automatic sizingsystem. A total of 86 alleles were detected with the numberof alleles per locus ranged from 4 to 16. Rare alleles weredetected at a rate of 53% which was shown by 68% of thegenotypes. Informativeness of the microsatellite markers asmeasured by the average gene diversity (D) orpolymorphism information content (PIC) was 0.60 and 0.58,respectively. A heterozygosity level of 0.09 as detected byseven loci was observed among 64% of the genotypes. Theaverage genetic distance among the genotypes was 0.56,which indicated the relatively low polymorphism among theanalyzed soybean germplasm. Four microsatellites thatshowed a high D or PIC value (over 0.75) were able todiscriminate between accession reliably. Each soybeanaccession had different DNA microsatellite fingerprint whichcan be used for accurate discrimination to complement theprevious conventional characterizations. UPGMA clusteringseparated the 50 accessions into 10 major clusters, whichshowed no clear pattern of clustering according to varietalgroup or geographical origin. Genetic similarity dataidentified five clusters and 15 genotypes with highest interclusteror inter-genotype genetic distances which arepotential candidates to be exploited as parents inhybridizations for development of new commercial varieties.
Pendugaan Gen Bph1, bph2, Bph3, dan bph4 pada Galur-galur Padi Terpilih Tahan Hama Wereng Batang Cokelat (Nilaparvata lugens[Stål]) Diani Damayanti; Dwinita W. Utami
Jurnal AgroBiogen Vol 10, No 1 (2014): April
Publisher : Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Bioteknologi dan Sumber Daya Genetik Pertanian

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jbio.v10n1.2014.p1-8

Abstract

Pests are major constraints to increasingrice production and brown planthoppers/BPH (Nilaparvatalugens [Stål]) is one of the major pests of rice plant.Resistance cultivar is one of the strategies for BPHmanagement. The objective of this research was to analyzethe Bph1, bph2, Bph3, and bph4 gene existence on theselected rice lines using the molecular markers. Thephenotype of the rice lines were tested based on theirresponse to BPH population collected from West Java andCental Java. Molecular markers linked to Bph1, bph2, Bph3,and bph4 were used to characterize the genotypic profilebased on PCR analysis. The results showed that there are sixgenotypes resistant to one of the BPH populations fromWest Java or Central Java. The six rice varieties weredetected to have not only allele of Bph3 gene, but also otherdifferent allele genes. B12344-2D-PN-42-1 and Inpari 13 weredetected to have the alleles of Bph3 dan Bph1 genes.B12512-18-SI-3-3-MR-3-PN-1, B12512-18-SI-3-3-MR-3-PN-1,BMIP46-4-1, and PTB33 were detected to have the alleles ofBph3 and bph2 genes. Meanwhile, B11007E-MR-3-2-PN-2-1-MR-1-2 was detected to have alleles of three genes: Bph3,bph2, and bph4. Nevertheless, this last line had mediumresistance to both BPH populations invested. There is apossibility that the interaction between two genes, Bph3 andbph4, occured which may affect the resistance responses ofrice varieties tested to BPH.
Pengaruh Cekaman Aluminium terhadap Kandungan Asam Organik dalam Kalus dan Pinak Tomat (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) Wening Enggarini; Erly Marwani
Jurnal AgroBiogen Vol 2, No 1 (2006): April
Publisher : Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Bioteknologi dan Sumber Daya Genetik Pertanian

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jbio.v2n1.2006.p24-29

Abstract

The purpose of this research was to evaluate the effects of Al stress on citric, malic and oxalic acid content of L. esculentum cv. Intan callus and plantlet, also aluminum content of L. esculentum plantlet. Callus was induced from cotyledone of L. esculentum on Murashige & Skoog (MS) media containing 10-7 M NAA and 10-6 kinetin. The callus was then transferred step wisely at 3 weeks interval to media containing 220, 275, 330, 385, 440, 550, 825, and 1100 μM AlCl3. The callus cultures on the control media and media with the addition of 550 μM AlCl3 were able to regenerate and produce shoots after 8 passages of subculture. The shoots from media with the addition of 550 μM AlCl3 were transferred into the media with addition of 825 μM AlCl3, then to the media with 1100 μM AlCl3. The High Pressure Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) analysis showed that Al stress callus and plantlets contained malic acid, but no citric and oxalic acid. The content of malic acid in callus decreased with increasing AlCl3 concentration from 0 to 385 μM. On the other hand, the content of malic acid in callus increased with increasing AlCl3 concentration from 440 μM to 1100 μM. Similarly, the content of malic acid in root increased with increasing concentration of AlCl3 from 550 μM to 1100 μM. The result of Neutron Activation Analysis showed that Al content in root decreased as the amount of AlCl3 increased in the media. These results suggested that L. esculentum callus and plantlet respond to the Al stress by producing higher amount of malic acid.
Produksi dan Evaluasi Antibodi Poliklonal untuk Deteksi Toksin Photorhabdus spp. Yadi S Suryadi; Ifa S Manzila; Alina Thenawidjaya Akhdiya; Etty Pratiwi
Jurnal AgroBiogen Vol 2, No 1 (2006): April
Publisher : Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Bioteknologi dan Sumber Daya Genetik Pertanian

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jbio.v2n1.2006.p16-23

Abstract

Production and Evaluation of Polyclonal Antibody forDetection of Photorhabdus spp. Toxin. Yadi Suryadi, IfaManzila, Alina Akhdiya, and Etty Pratiwi. The researchwas aimed to produce and evaluate polyclonal antibody(PAb) for specific Photorhabdus spp. bacterial toxin detection.Photorhabdus spp. toxin of HJ isolates which was purifiedusing Hi Prep. 16/60 Sephacryl S-200 HR column chromatographyrevealed three different peaks of polypeptides.The results showed that the protein concentration of crudeantigen protein (supernatant) was 3,711 μg/μl, whilst fractionof protein was 1,95 x 10-2 μg/μl, respectively. The bioassayusing Tenebrio molitor larvae-3 indicated that after 48 happlication, the percentage of larvae mortality by crude antigenwas lower (73%) than by fraction antigen (93%). Basedupon NCM-ELISA test, PAb of fraction protein derived fromHJ isolate reacted with Photorhabdus spp. antigen yieldedstronger or darker violet color on membrane than that ofcrude protein. In addition, it was observed that PAb coulddifferentiate specifically Photorhabdus spp. toxin with otherbacterial filtrate such as Xanthomonas oryzae pv oryzae, X.campestris pv glycinea, Ralstonia solanacearum, Pseudomonassyringae pv glycinea and P. fluorescens, however itshowed cross reaction with Escherichia coli. Further testsare needed in optimizing PAb-Photorhabdus spp. sensitivityto achieve effective concentration for detection of Photorhabdusspp. toxin as well as specificity test against otherbacterial antigens.
ULASAN Masalah Pencoklatan pada Kultur Jaringan Sri Hutami
Jurnal AgroBiogen Vol 4, No 2 (2008): Oktober
Publisher : Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Bioteknologi dan Sumber Daya Genetik Pertanian

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jbio.v4n2.2008.p83-88

Abstract

Severaltropical plant species contain high concentrations of phenoliccompounds, which become oxidised when their cellsare wounded or when the plant parts become senescences.In tissue culture, the phenolic compounds usually leach intothe medium from the cut surfaces of explants. The phenoliccompounds caused the culture medium turns to dark brownin colour due to oxidation. This is detrimental to the culture,because it causes the isolated tissue fails to grow. Thebrowning of tissue culture and the medium can often beprevented by one of the several different approaches, suchas by removing the phenolic compounds produced, modifyingthe redox potential, inactivating phenolase enzymes,reducing phenolase activity and substrate availability, as wellas pre-treatments by soaking and preconditioning on a basalmedium.
Peranan Zat Pengatur Tumbuh dalam Perbanyakan Tanaman melalui Kultur Jaringan Endang Gati Lestari
Jurnal AgroBiogen Vol 7, No 1 (2011): April
Publisher : Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Bioteknologi dan Sumber Daya Genetik Pertanian

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jbio.v7n1.2011.p63-68

Abstract

The Role of Growth Regulator in Tissue Culture PlantPropagation. Endang G. Lestari. In plant tissue culture,growth regulator has significant roles such as to control rootand shoot development in the plant formation and callusinduction. Cytokinin and auxin are two prominent growthregulator. Cytokinin consists of BA (benzil adenin), kinetin(furfuril amino purin), 2-Ip (dimethyl allyl amino purin), andzeatin. While auksin covers IAA (indone acetic acid), NAA(napthalene acetic acid), IBA (indole butiric acid) 2.4-D (2.4-dicholophenoxy acetic acid), dicamba (3,6 dicloro-O-anisicacid), and picloram (4-amino 3,5,6-tricloropicolinic acid).The emphasis of plant growth purposes decide the use ofgrowth regulator. Cytokinin is applied mainly for the purposeof shoot, while auxin is mainly used for the purpose of rootand callus. The application of growth regulator application isvaried, depending on the genotype and physiologicalcondition of the plant. The existence of a certain growthregulating substances can enhance growth regulator activityof other substances. The type and concentration of theappropriate growth regulators for each plant is not the samebecause it depends on the genotype and physiologicalcondition of plant tissue. However so often both arefrequently required depend on the ratio/ratio of auxincytokines or vice versa. The existence of a certain growthregulating substances can enhance growth regulator activityof other substances. The type and concentration of theappropriate growth regulators for each plant is not the samebecause it depends on the genotype and physiologicalcondition of plant tissue. For the propagation, multiple andadventive shoots along with embriosomatic formation couldbe applied. The seedling is obtained from one somatic cell.Here, strong auxin, such as dicamba and picloram 2.4-D, isutilized for callus production. For this reason, seedling perunit could be produced more than that of organogenesis.
Deteksi Gen HptII dan Keragaan Agronomis pada Populasi BC1F1 Tanaman Padi Transgenik Budi Santosa; Kurniawan R. Trijatmiko; Tri J. Santoso
Jurnal AgroBiogen Vol 9, No 3 (2013): Desember
Publisher : Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Bioteknologi dan Sumber Daya Genetik Pertanian

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jbio.v9n3.2013.p117-124

Abstract

Rice varieties tolerant to drought stress are needed tostabilize rice production under drought stress condition. Wedeveloped transgenic rice cv. Nipponbare carrying hptIIgene that might also contain OsDREB1A gene. OsDREB1Agene responsible to drought tolerance trait need to betransferred into cultivated rice in order to obtain new localrice variety tolerant to drought stress. The aims of thisresearch were to detect the presence of hptII gene in the F1and BC1F1 transgenic rice and to observe the agronomicperformace of those populations and their plant physiology.F1 population was developed by crossing transgenicNipponbare, as donor parent, with Batutegi, Code, Ciherang,and Konawe genotypes, as recipient parents. BC1F1population was developed by backcrossing F1 transgenicline with recipient parents, respectively. The presence ofhptII gene was analyzed by PCR using a pair of primers forhptII. The observation of agronomic performance wascarried out in the green house, meanwhile the observationof stomata was done using microscope. The result of PCRanalysis showed that BC1F1 Batutegi trans, BC1F1 Code trans,BC1F1 Konawe trans1, BC1F1 Konawe trans3, dan BC1F1Konawe trans4 were detected carrying the hptII gene.Agronomic data showed that BC1F1 transgenic rice linesyielded panicles, filled grains, and total grains higher thanthose of recipent parents. Comparing to the recipientparents, BC1F1 Konawe trans1 and BC1F1 Konawe trans3 hadless stomata on the lower side of the leaf, but had morestomata on the upper side of the leaf.
Analisis Molekuler dan Keragaan Agronomis Galur-galur Padi BC1F1 Persilangan Code x qTSN4 dan Code x qDTH8 (Molecular Analysis and Agronomic Performance of BC1F1 Crosses Code x qTSN4 and Code x qDTH8) Tasliah Tasliah; Ma'sumah Ma'sumah; Kurniawan R. Trijatmiko; Joko Prasetiyono
Jurnal AgroBiogen Vol 11, No 1 (2015): April
Publisher : Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Bioteknologi dan Sumber Daya Genetik Pertanian

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jbio.v11n1.2015.p17-24

Abstract

Breeding based on molecular marker has become a routine activity in the current rice research. The development of an earlymaturity of rice variety with high yield is needed to increase national rice production. This study aimed to determine the patternof alleles for loci controlling total spikelet number and number of days to heading, as well as agronomic performances of theBC1F1 Code x qTSN4 and Code x qDTH8 populations. The study was conducted at the Indonesian Center for Biotechnology andGenetic Resources Research and Development from January to August 2014. The plant materials used were Code (a nationalvariety with bacterial blight resistance gene [Xa7]), IR64-Nils-qTSN4[YP9] (qTSN4 that contains a locus controlling the number ofspikelet), IR64-Nils-qDTH8[YP1] (qDTH8 that contains a locus controlling the number of days to heading), BC1F1 Code x qTSN4,and BC1F1 Code x qDTH8. A total of 250 BC1F1 plants of each crosses were selected using molecular markers of RM20582 for Xa7gene, RM17483 and RM6909 for QTL position of qTSN4, RM5556 and RM6838 for QTL position of qDTH8. Based on molecularanalysis, there were 63 BC1F1-qTSN4 lines and 65 BC1F1-qDTH8 lines showing heterozygote alleles for qTSN4 or qDTH8 loci andwere homozygote for Xa7 locus (HHA pattern). Five plants from each locus target were backcrossed to the recurrent parent,Code, to obtain BC2F1 seeds. The remaining BC1F1 plants were self-pollinated to obtain BC1F2 seeds. Observations on someagronomic characters demontrated that the BC1F1 plants showed higher yield potential than Code and the flowering time of theBC1F1 progenis were also earlier than Code. These results indicated that the yield potential of Code could be improved byintrogression of qTSN4 and qDTH8 loci into the Code genome.

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