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Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri
Published by Kementerian Pertanian
ISSN : 08538212     EISSN : 25286870     DOI : -
Core Subject : Engineering,
Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri merupakan publikasi ilmiah primer yang memuat hasil penelitian primer komoditas perkebunan yang belum dimuat pada media apapun, diterbitkan oleh Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan, DIPA 2011 terbit empat kali setahun.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 552 Documents
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PERTUMBUHAN TANAMAN DAN KANDUNGAN TOTAL FILANTIN DAN HIPOFILANTIN AKSESI MENIRAN (Phyllanthus sp. L) PADA BERBAGAI TINGKAT NAUNGAN OKTAVIDIATI, EVA; CHOZIN, M.A.; WIJAYANTO, N.; GHULAMAHDI, M.; DARUSMAN, L.K.
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 17, No 1 (2011): Maret 2011
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v17n1.2011.25-31

Abstract

ABSTRAKMeniran adalah anggota dari famili Euphorbiaceae. Lignan, berupafilantin dan hipofilantin yang ada di dalam tanaman, dilaporkan sebagaiagen hepatoprotektif dalam terapi pengobatan yang utama. Eksplorasitelah dilakukan terhadap 13 aksesi meniran pada berbagai tipe habitat yangberbeda di Kabupaten Bangkalan dan Gresik, Provinsi Jawa Timur.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat pengaruh dari aksesi dan tarafnaungan terhadap pertumbuhan dan kandungan filantin dan hipofilantintanaman meniran (Phyllanthus sp. L). Penelitian dilakukan di KebunPercobaan IPB di Babakan Sawah Baru, Bogor, Jawa Barat denganketinggian tempat 250 m dml dari Maret 2009 sampai September 2009.Percobaan disusun dalam rancangan petak terbagi dengan 3 kali ulangan.Petak utama adalah 3 taraf naungan (N) terdiri atas : 0% (N0), 25%naungan (N1) dan 50% naungan (N2). Anak petak adalah 13 aksesimeniran (A) terdiri atas : A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, A6, A7, A8, A9, A10, A11,A12, dan A13 berasal dari Bangkalan dan Gresik. Hasil penelitianmenunjukkan bahwa naungan 50% meningkatkan tinggi tanaman danmenurunkan jumlah daun majemuk. Terjadi interaksi naungan dan aksesiterhadap jumlah cabang. Uji Duncan menghasilkan 3 kelompok aksesiyang mempunyai respon berbeda terhadap naungan. Aksesi nomor 6 dan 7merupakan aksesi yang menunjukkan pertumbuhan dan produksi biomassayang lebih besar dibandingkan aksesi lainnya. Aksesi nomor 7 mempunyaikandungan total filantin dan hipofilantin tertinggi, karena pengaruhnaungan dapat menurunkan kandungan total filantin dan meningkatkankandungan total hipofilantin.Kata kunci : Phyllanthus sp. L., filantin, hipofilantin, naungan, aksesiABSTRACTPlant growth and total phyllanthin and hypophyllanthincontents of Phyllanthus sp. L accession on variousshading levelsMeniran (Phyllanthus sp. L) is family member of Euphorbiaceae.The lignan, consisting of phyllanthin and hypophyllanthin in the plant, wasreported as therapeutically active constituent and serve as hepatoprotectiveagent. The objective of this research was to investigate the effect ofshading intensities on plant growth and phyllanthin and hypophyllanthincontents of Phyllanthus sp. accessions. The experiment was arranged insplit plot design with three replicates. The main plot was shading intensityconsisting of 0% (N0), 25% (N1), and 50% (N2) shades. The sub plot wasof Phyllanthus sp. accessions (A) consisting of A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, A6,A7, A8, A9, A10, A11, A12, and A13 taken from Bangkalan and Gresik.The results showed that 50% shade increased plant height but decreasednumber of leaves. Interaction between shading intensity and accessiongave significant effect on number of branches. Referring to their responseson shades, all accessions were divided into 3 groups by DMRT. Biomassproductions of accessions number 6 and 7 were greater than the otheraccessions. Accession number 7 was the highest in phyllanthin andhypophyllanthin contents where the shading reduced the phyllanthin butincreased the hypophyllanthin contents.Key words: Phyllanthus sp., phyllanthin, hypophyllanthin, shading,accessions
KARAKTER PERTUMBUHAN, KETAHANAN TERHADAP PENYAKIT, DAN KADAR NIKOTIN BEBERAPA GALUR TEMBAKAU TEMANGGUNG ROCHMAN, FATKHUR
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 18, No 3 (2012): September 2012
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v18n3.2012.102-106

Abstract

ABSTRAKPergeseran selera konsumen ke arah rokok ringan semakin nyata,sehingga dirasa perlu memiliki galur-galur tembakau temanggung dengankadar nikotin rendah dan mutu sesuai dengan selera konsumen. Tembakautemanggung memiliki kadar nikotin yang sangat tinggi (7,8%). Selainkadar nikotin, kendala utama budi daya tembakau temanggung adalahadanya penyakit tular tanah yang disebabkan oleh kompleks nematodaMeloidogyne spp,  bakteri Ralstonia  solanacearum, dan  jamurPhytophthora nicotianae yang dikenal dengan nama ‘penyakit lincat”.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh galur tembakau temanggungdengan kadar nikotin lebih rendah dari varietas yang sudah ada (Kemloko1 dan Kemloko 2), mutu sesuai untuk konsumen, dan toleran terhadappenyakit utama. Penelitian dilaksanakan mulai bulan Februari sampaiOktober 2009, di Desa Gandurejo, Kecamatan Bulu, KabupatenTemanggung pada lahan tegal endemik tiga patogen dengan ketinggiantempat + 800 m dpl. Bahan penelitian terdiri atas tujuh genotipe F6 hasilpersilangan antara tembakau temanggung dan tembakau oriental. Masing-masing genotipe ditanam sebanyak 520 tanaman. Seleksi pertamadilakukan berdasarkan kriteria: tidak terserang penyakit, memiliki lebihdari 18 daun, ukuran daun sedang sampai besar, morfologi mirip dauntembakau  temanggung, dan  disenangi  petani. Hasil  penelitianmenunjukkan bahwa dari 2.436 tanaman yang tidak diserang penyakit(berasal dari tujuh genotipe) secara visual terpilih 302 tanaman.Berdasarkan ukuran daun, dari 302 tanaman terpilih tersebut diperoleh 40genotipe. Keempat puluh genotipe tersebut dievaluasi pada tahapberikutnya. Kadar nikotin semua galur berkisar 1,34-5,22% dan galur yangmemiliki rata-rata kadar nikotin terendah adalah genotipe hasil persilanganantara Kemloko 1 dan Xanthi Yacca.Kata kunci: persilangan, Nicotiana tabacum, kadar nikotin, tembakauoriental, tembakau temanggungABSTRACTA shift in consumer tastes toward lighter cigarette has led to findingof low nicotine content of temanggung tobacco with the quality suitable toconsumer preferences. The nicotine content of temanggung tobacco is veryhigh, which can reach 7.8%. One of the main problem of temanggungtobacco cultivation is soil born diseases caused by complexity ofnematodes Meloidogyne spp, Ralstonia solanacearum, and the fungiPhytophthora nicotianae which is known as “lincat”. The research aimedat obtaining hybrid lines of temanggung tobacco with nicotine levels lowerthan the existing varieties (Kemloko 1 and Kemloko 2), quality suitable toconsumers preferences, and tolerant to the main diseases. The experimentwas conducted from February to Oktober 2009 in Gandurejo Village BuluSubdistrict, Temanggung District, on the dry land endemic pathogens withaltitude about 800 m asl. Research material consisted of 7 genotypes F6from hybridization between temanggung and orient tobacco, and 5 parentalvarieties. As many as 520 crops of each genotype were planted. Firstselection was done based on the criteria: free from disease, having > 18leaves, medium to big leaf size, and farmers’ favorite. The results showedthat from 2,436 healthy plants (derived from 7 genotypes) were visuallyselected for 302 plants. From the second selection based on leaf size fromthe 302 plants obtained 40 genotypes. The forty genotypes wereevaluated/screened at later stage. Nicotine content ranged from 1.07 to5.22% and the lowest nicotine content was derived from crosses betweenKemloko 1 and Xanthi Yacca.Key words: hybrid progenies, Nicotiana tabacum, nicotine content,orient tobacco, temanggung tobacco
DAYA SIMPAN BENIH RIMPANG JAHE PUTIH BESAR DI DATARAN TINGGI DENGAN PERLAKUAN PESTISIDA NABATI DAN ANALISIS EKONOMINYA SUKARMAN, SUKARMAN; ERMIATI, ERMIATI
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 20, No 1 (2014): Maret 2014
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v20n1.2014.1-8

Abstract

ABSTRAK 
ANALISIS KERAGAMAN GENETIK Phytophthora capsici Leonian ASAL LADA (Piper nigrum L.) MENGGUNAKAN PENANDA MOLEKULER CHAERANI CHAERANI; SRI KOERNIATI; DYAH MANOHARA
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 19, No 1 (2013): Maret 2013
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v19n1.2013.23-32

Abstract

ABSTRAKPhytophthora capsici adalah penyebab penyakit busuk pangkalbatang yang paling merugikan pada lada di Indonesia dan sulitdikendalikan karena dapat bertahan lama dalam tanah serta memilikikeragaman agresivitas isolat luas. Pengetahuan mengenai keragamangenetik strain-strain P. capsici dapat membantu perancangan strategiefektif pengelolaan patogen. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasikeragaman dan struktur genetik isolat-isolat P. capsici asal ladamenggunakan penanda RAPD. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulanOktober 2009 sampai April 2010 di Laboratorium Biokimia BB Biogendan Laboratorium Hama dan Penyakit Balittro. Keragaman genetik 59isolat P. capsici yang berasal dari koleksi kultur tahun 1982-2009 dari 37lokasi di Sumatera, Bangka, Jawa, dan Kalimantan, dikarakterisasimenggunakan enam primer RAPD. Pengelompokan menggunakanunweighted pair-group method with arithmatic averaging (UPGMA)berdasarkan profil RAPD membagi ke-59 isolat ke dalam lima gerombolutama; yang menunjukkan adanya keragaman genetik tinggi antar isolat.Pengelompokan RAPD tidak berkaitan dengan asal lokasi isolat. Analysisof molecular variance (AMOVA) juga menunjukkan adanya keragamangenetik yang tinggi di antara isolat-isolat P. capsici, dengan ragam genetiktotal sebesar 96% terletak di dalam masing-masing pulau (withinpopulations). Namun demikian, terdapat ragam genetik antar isolat daripulau berbeda (among populations) yang signifikan (4% ; P=0,001), yaituantar populasi di Sumatera dan Bangka dengan jarak genetik sebesar 0,081(P=0,002). Ketidakterkaitan antara pengelompokan RAPD dengan asallokasi geografik isolat dan ragam genetik yang tinggi dalam satu pulaudapat diakibatkan oleh terjadinya penyebaran isolat antar daerah, terutamamelalui bibit tanaman yang terinfestasi P. capsici. Pencegahan penyebaranisolat antar pulau perlu dilakukan melalui sertifikasi bibit bebas penyakitBPB dan pengembangan sistem perbenihan lokal.Kata kunci: lada, penyakit busuk pangkal batang, Phytophthora capsici,RAPD, keragaman genetik, struktur populasiABSTRACTPhytophthora capsici is the causal agent of foot rot, the mostdestructive disease of pepper in Indonesia and difficult to control .Knowledge in the genetic structure of P. capsici strains can enrichdesigning effective disease management strategies. This study was aimedat analyzing the genetic variability and structure of P. capsici isolates frompepper using RAPD. The study was done from October 2009 until April2010 at the Biochemical Laboratory of Indonesian Center for AgriculutralBiotechnology and Genetic Resources Research and Development, and thePlant Pest and Disease Laboratory of the Indonesian Research Institute ofSpice and Medicinal Crops. Fifty-nine isolates collected from 1982 to2009 from Sumatera, Bangka, Java, and Kalimantan were characterizedbased on six RAPD markers. Unweighted pair-group method witharithmatic averaging (UPGMA) clustering based on RAPD profilesdivided the isolates into five major cluster, which indicated high geneticvariability among isolates. No apparent relationship between RAPDclustering and geographic origin of isolate was observed. Hierarchicalpartitioning of genetic variation using analysis of molecular variance(AMOVA) confirmed the overall high variability among isolates, with96% of total genetic variance was resided among isolates within islands(within populations). Nevertheless, a small (4%) but significant (P=0.001)genetic variance among isolates between different islands (amongpopulations) were observed, which was detected between populations inSumatera and Bangka with genetic distance (Ф PT ) as high as 0,081(P=0,002). The lack of association between RAPD clustering andgeographic origin as well as high genetic variance within populations mayhave been the result of movement of isolates between locations, mostlikely through infested plant cuttings. Use of certified and development ofblackpepper clones locally are required to prevent disease spread amongislands.Keywords: black pepper, foot rot disease, Phytophthora capsici, geneticdiversity, RAPD, population structure
PENAMPILAN MORFOLOGI, VARIABILITAS FENOTIPIK PRODUKSI DAN UKURAN GELONDONG TANAMAN JAMBU METE HASIL PERSILANGAN WAHYUNI, SRI; BERMAWIE, NURLIANI; SESWITA, DELIAH
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 16, No 4 (2010): Desember 2010
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v16n4.2010.141-149

Abstract

ABSTRAKPenelitian telah dilakukan di KP Muktiharjo, Pati, Jawa Tengahdengan tujuan untuk mengetahui pewarisan sifat morfologi dan keragamanfenotipik produksi dan ukuran gelondong nomor-nomor persilangan CF,CM, CA, CS, FM, FA, FS, MA, MS, AS. Tanaman hasil persilanganditanam tahun 1997 dengan jarak tanam 6 m x 6 m. Pengamatan karaktermorfologi tanaman (habitus, warna daun pucuk, warna buah semu) danukuran gelondong dilakukan pada umur tanaman 5 tahun, sedangkantingkat produksi tanaman per pohon diamati selama 4 tahun produksi(2000 - 2003). Karakter tanaman yang diamati dikelompokkan ke dalam 3group yaitu (1) karakter tanaman dan daun, (2) karakter buah, dan (3)karakter gelondong. Terhadap data kualitatif dilakukan penggolongan yangmengacu pada descriptor list tanaman jambu mete (IPBGR). Analisisdeskriptif dan proporsi tanaman (%) dihitung sesuai pembagian karakteryang diamati. Terhadap data kuantitatif (produksi dan ukuran gelondong)dilakukan analisis variabilitas fenotipik. Hasil pengamatan menunjukkantanaman hasil persilangan mempunyai karakter tanaman dan daun beragam,sebagian mirip tetua betina, sebagian mirip tetua jantan, sebagian lagimerupakan karakter antara kedua tetuanya, dengan proporsi setiapkombinasi persilangan berbeda. Penurunan sifat bentuk buah padatanaman jambu mete beragam, tetua dengan bentuk buah yang sama(kerucut) dapat menghasilkan keturunan dengan bentuk buah bervariasi(kerucut, silinder, membulat). Demikian pula dengan karakter warna buahsemu. Persilangan antar tetua dengan warna buah merah menghasilkanketurunan dengan warna buah merah, orange, dan kuning. Kultivar Ssebagai tetua jantan dapat meningkatkan ukuran gelondong keturunannya,tetapi tidak pada semua keturunan dan tidak sebesar ukuran gelondongtetua jantan S tersebut. Variabilitas fenotipik produksi dan ukurangelondong tanaman hasil persilangan tergolong luas, sehingga dengantetua yang sama keturunannya tidak memiliki tingkat produksi dan ukurangelondong yang relatif seragam. Oleh karena itu tanaman hasil persilanganyang terseleksi sebaiknya diperbanyak dengan penyambungan agardiperoleh tanaman dengan karakter yang lebih seragam.Kata kunci : Anacardium  occidentale,  jambu  mete,  persilangan,variabilitas fenotipikABSTRACTMorphology performance, yield and nut size phenotypicvariability of cashew progenyProgenies from five parents crossing combination of promisingcashew were planted at Muktiharjo experimental station, Pati, Central Javain 1997 to observe its variability. The progenies were the crossingcombinations of CF, CM, CA, CS, FM, FA, FS, MA, MS, and AS.Seedlings were planted in 6 m x 6 m space-row. Observation formorphological characters, such as habitus, shoot colour, apple colour, andnut size, were done at 5 years plant age. Moreover, for nut yield, theobservations were conducted for 4 times harvest period (2000-2003). Allof characters observed were divided into 3 groups : (1) habitus and leafcharacters, (2) fruit characters, and (3) nut characters. The qualitative datawere grouped based on cashew descriptor list (IPBGR). Qualitative datawere analyzed and the proportion of progeny performance in eachcharacter observed were counted. Yield and nut size phenotypicvariabilities were analized. Result indicated that the progeny showedvariation in plant habitus, trunk shape, and leaf. Some of progenyperformances alike a male parent, some likes female parents and someothers in between of their parents and differ in proportion of each crossingcombination. Fruit characters progeny are also showed variation. Parentwith the same apple shape (pyramid), having progeny with pyramid,silinder and rounded apple shape type. Crossing parent which has the samered apple colour, the progeny has red, orange and yellow apple colour. Fornut size characters, S as a male parent could increasing nut size of progenybut the nut size are not as big as the size of the male parent. Both parentand their progeny have the great variation of nut shape and colour.Phenotypic variability of yield and nut size of progeny are very broad, itimplies that progeny of the same parent has un-uniform yield and nut size.For further plant development, selected progeny of hybridization can bedeveloped by grafting to get more uniform plant.Key words : Anacardium occidentale, cashew, hybridization, phenotypicvariability
PENGARUH PUPUK K TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN, HASIL DAN MUTU RIMPANG JAHE MUDA (Zingiber officinale Rocs.) RAHARDJO, MONO
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 18, No 1 (2012): Maret 2012
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v18n1.2012.10-16

Abstract

ABSTRAKKalium merupakan unsur hara yang paling banyak diserap olehtanaman jahe dibandingkan N dan P. Produktivitas tanaman akan menurunapabila kekurangan unsur hara K, karena K mempunyai fungsi pentingpada proses fotosintesis, aktifitas enzim, metabolisme karbohidrat, proteindan sebagai transport ion. Penelitian dilakukan di Kebun PercobaanSukamulya sejak Januari sampai Mei 2010. Tujuan penelitian ini adalahuntuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian pupuk KCl terhadap pertumbuhan,hasil, serapan hara, dan mutu rimpang jahe muda. Perlakuan disusundalam rancangan acak kelompok dan diulang 4 kali. Perlakuan yangdicoba terdiri atas delapan perlakuan pupuk KCl yaitu; 0, 50, 100, 150,200, 250, 300, dan 350 kg/ha. Jarak tanam yang digunakan adalah 50 x 60cm, dengan populasi 100 tanaman/plot. Contoh tanaman diambil padaumur 4 BST, sebanyak 5 tanaman setiap satuan perlakuan. Peubah yangdiamati adalah, tinggi tanaman, jumlah anakan, bobot segar rimpang,bobot kering rimpang dan tanaman, kadar minyak atsiri, pati, serat, haraN, P dan K. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tinggi tanaman, bobotsegar rimpang, bobot kering batang+daun dan bobot kering rimpangmeningkat secara nyata dengan meningkatnya perlakuan pupuk KCl.Tinggi tanaman, bobot segar rimpang, bobot kering batang+daun tertinggidicapai pada perlakuan pupuk KCl dosis 350 kg/ha, masing-masing adalah86,88 cm, 272,51 g/tanaman, dan 27,46 g/tanaman. Peningkatan bobotkering batang+daun dan bobot segar rimpang berkorelasi positif denganmeningkatnya pemupukan KCl sampai dosis 350 kg/ha, membentukpersamaan linier (r = 0,610 tn dan 0,643 tn ) dengan tingkat kepercayaanmasing-masing P = 0,987** dan 0,99**. Kadar serat rimpang meningkatmembentuk persamaan kuadratik (R 2 = 0,792*) dengan peningkatanpemupukan KCl sampai dosis 350 kg/ha, dengan tingkat kepercayaan P =0,997**. Serapan hara N, P dan K berkorelasi positif dengan peningkatanpemupukan KCl sampai dosis 350 kg/ha. Serapan N membentukpersamaan linier (r = 0,541 tn ) dengan tingkat kepercayaan P = 0,977**,serapan P membentuk persamaan kuadratik (R 2 = 0,798*) dengan tingkatkepercayaan P = 0,992**, dan serapan K membentuk persamaan kuadratik(R 2 = 0,643 tn ) dengan tingkat kepercayaan P = 0,947**.Kata kunci : Zingiber officinale Rocs., pupuk KCl, pertumbuhan, mutu,hasil jahe mudaABSTRACTPotassium is the nutrient most absorbed by ginger compared to Nand P nutrients. Crop productivity will decline if it lacks of K nutrient,because K has an important function in the photosynthesis of process,enzyme activity, metabolisms of carbohydrates and proteins, and it alsofunctions as an ion transport. A study, conducted at SukamulyaExperimental Station from January to May 2010, aimed at determining theeffect of KCl fertilizer application on growth, yield, nutrient uptake, andquality of young ginger rhizomes. Treatments were arranged in arandomized block design with four replicates. The treatments consisted ofeight KCl fertilizer dosages, namely: 0, 50, 100, 150, 200, 250, 300, and350 kg/ha. Planting space used was 50 x 60 cm, with plants population of100/plot. Five plants per treatment unit were sampled at the age of 4months after planting. Variables observed were plant height, number oftillers, rhizome fresh weight, dry weights of rhizomes and plants, contentsof essential oil, starch, fiber, and N, P, and K nutrients. The results showedthat plant height, rhizome fresh weight, stems + leaf dry weight, andrhizome dry weight increased significantly in line with the increase in KClfertilizer dosages. The best results of plant height, rhizome fresh weight,and dry weight of stem + leaf were achieved at the highest dosage of KClfertilizer (350 kg/ha). The measures were 86.88 cm, 272.51 g/plant, and27.46 g/plant, respectively. Increase in dry weights of stem + leaf andfresh rhizome were positively correlated with increasing fertilizer dosagesof KCl up to 350 kg/ha, forming a linear equation (r = 0.610 tn and r =0.643 tn ) with P confidence levels of 0.987** and 0.99**, respectively.Increase in fiber content of rhizomes formed a quadratic equation (R 2 =0.792*) by increasing dosages of KCl fertilizer up to 350 kg/ha, with a Pconfidence level of 0.997**. Uptakes of N, P, and K nutrients werepositively correlated with increases in KCl fertilizations up to 350 kg/ha.Uptakes of N nutrient formed a linear equation (r = 0.541 tn ) with a Pconfidence level of 0.977**, P uptakes formed a quadratic equation (R 2 =0.798*) with a P confidence level of 0.992**, and uptakes of K alsoformed a quadratic equation (R 2 = 0.643 tn ) with a P confidence level of0.947**.Key words: Zingiber officinale Rocs., KCl fertilizer, growth, quality,young ginger rizhome
OPTIMASI DAN EVALUASI METODE KRIOPRESERVASI PURWOCENG ROOSTIKA, IKA; DARWATI, IRENG; MEGIA, RITA
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 19, No 3 (2013): September 2013
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v19n3.2013.147-157

Abstract

ABSTRAKOptimasi dan evaluasi metode kriopreservasi perlu dilakukan dalammenentukan protokol standar untuk penyimpanan jangka panjang biakanpurwoceng. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh kombinasiperlakuan pratumbuh, prakultur, dan formulasi media pemulih terhadapdaya tumbuh dan daya regenerasi tunas in vitro dan kalus embriogenikserta untuk mengevaluasi metode kriopreservasi melalui observasimorfologi, anatomi, dan sitologi. Penelitian dilakukan di LaboratoriumKultur Jaringan Kelompok Peneliti Biologi Sel dan Jaringan BB LitbangBiogen pada tahun 2008-2009. Teknik kriopreservasi yang digunakanadalah vitrifikasi (untuk apeks) dan enkapsulasi-vitrifikasi (untuk kalusembriogenik). Pada teknik vitrifikasi, tunas pucuk diberi perlakuanpratumbuh dengan sukrosa (3, 4, 5, dan 6%) selama 1 dan 2 minggu,perlakuan prakultur dilakukan pada media yang mengandung sukrosa 0,3M selama 1 dan 3 hari, perlakuan dehidrasi dengan PVS2 diberikan selama15 dan 30 menit, dan media pemulih yang diujikan adalah media dasar MSatau DKW dengan dan tanpa penambahan adenin sulfat 20 ppm. Padateknik enkapsulasi-vitrifikasi, kalus embriogenik dienkapsulasi terlebihdahulu dengan Na-alginat 3%, perlakuan dehidrasi dengan PVS2 diberikanselama 0, 30, dan 60 menit. Evaluasi metode teknik kriopreservasidilakukan melalui pengamatan morfologi secara visual, anatomi meristemdengan scanning electron microscope (SEM), pengujian viabilitas denganfluorescein diacetate (FDA), dan analisis ploidi secara flowcytometry.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa teknik enkapsulasi-vitrifikasi lebihbaik daripada teknik vitrifikasi untuk kriopreservasi purwoceng. Walaupunpersentase keberhasilan kriopreservasi rendah (10%), kalus embriogenikpurwoceng mampu berproliferasi dan beregenerasi menjadi ribuan embriosomatik dewasa. Evaluasi metode kriopreservasi dengan SEM dan FDAdapat diterapkan untuk memperkirakan keberhasilan teknik kriopreservasisecara dini sedangkan analisis flowcytometry dapat diterapkan untukmenguji stabilitas genetik bahan tanaman pasca-kriopreservasi.Kata kunci: Pimpinella pruatjan Molk., kriopreservasi, SEM, FDA,flowcytometryABSTRACTOptimization and evaluation of cryopreservation methods should beconducted to obtain standard protocol for long term conservation ofpruatjan. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect ofcombined treatments of pregrowth, preculture, and recovery media to thesurvival and regeneration rate of in vitro shoots and embryogenic calli andto evaluate the cryopreservation methods by observing the morphological,anatomical, and cytological characters. The techniques of vitrification (forapex) and encapsulation-vitrification (for embryogenic calli) were appliedin this study. On vitrification technique, the apical shoots were pregrownon media containing of 3, 4, 5, and 6% sucrose for 1 and 2 weeks,precultured on media containing of 0,3 M sucrose for 1 and 3 days,dehydrated by PVS2 solution for 15 and 30 minutes, and planted onrecovery media (MS or DKW basal media supplemented with 20 ppmadenine sulphate). On encapsulation-vitrification technique, embryogeniccalli were encapsulated by 3% Na-alginate, dehydrated by PVS2 solutionfor 0, 30, and 60 minutes. The evaluation of cryopreservation methods wasdone through visual observation, SEM analysis, viability test, andflowcytometry determination. The result showed that encapsulation-vitrification was better than vitrification technique for cryopreservation ofpruatjan. The successful rate of this method was low (10%) but theembryogenic calli could proliferate and regenerate into thousands maturesomatic embryos. The evaluation by SEM and FDA can be applied asearly detection to estimate the successful of cryopreservation, whereasflowcytometry  analysis  may  determine  the  genetic  stability  ofcryopreserved materials.Key words: Pimpinella pruatjan Molk., cryopreservation, SEM, FDA,flowcytometry
UJI ADAPTASI NILAM KLON SIDIKALANG DI LAHAN KERING KALIMANTAN TENGAH KRISMAWATI, AMIK; BHERMANA, ANDY
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 16, No 2 (2010): Juni 2010
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v16n2.2010.70-76

Abstract

ABSTRAKKalimantan Tengah mempunyai potensi lahan kering seluas 7,7 jutahektar, namun belum dimanfaatkan secara optimal. Salah satu upaya untukmemanfaatkan lahan tersebut adalah melaksanakan budidaya khususnyanilam. Produktivitas terna kering di tingkat petani masih rendah yaitu 1-1,5ton/ha/tahun. Produktivitas tersebut masih dapat ditingkatkan denganmenggunakan varietas unggul, penanaman nilam pada daerah yang sesuai,dan pemberian pupuk. Penelitian lapangan dilaksanakan di Desa Keruing,Kecamatan Pundu, Kabupaten Kotawaringin Timur mulai bulan November2003 sampai dengan Oktober 2004. Ketinggian tempat lokasi penelitian 17meter di atas permukaan laut (dpl), jenis tanah ultisol dan tipe iklim B 1.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui adaptasi klon dan pemupukannilam yang sesuai di lahan kering Rancangan yang digunakan adalahrancangan acak kelompok (RAK) diulang sebanyak 5 kali. Perlakuanterdiri dari 4 paket teknologi (klon dan pemupukan anorganik) yang terdiridari : A= Klon Aceh tanpa pupuk anorganik (Kontrol); B = Klon Acehdengan pupuk anorganik; C = Klon Sidikalang tanpa pupuk anorganik; danD = Klon Sidikalang dengan pupuk anorganik. Parameter yang diamatimeliputi tinggi tanaman, jumlah cabang, berat terna segar, berat ternakering, produksi minyak dan mutu minyak. Analisis teknis agronomisuntuk mengevaluasi penerapan teknologi budidaya, mengguna-kanANOVA (Analysis of Variance) sedangkan untuk membandingkan antararata-rata pengamatan setiap variabel yang diuji menggunakan Uji BedaNyata Jujur (BNJ) 5%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuanklon Sidikalang dengan aplikasi pupuk anorganik (240 kg urea + 70 kg SP-36 kg + 140 kg KCl/ha) menghasilkan produksi minyak sebesar 127,97kg dengan kadar PA (Patchouli alkohol) 27,96%.Kata kunci : Pogostemon cablin BENTH, lahan kering, klon, pupukanorganik, Kalimantan TengahABSTRACTAdaptation test of Sidikalang clone patchouli in dry landof Central KalimantanCentral Kalimantan has potential dry land which covers in area of7.7 million hectare, however it has not yet been optimally used. One effortfor making use of this area is by farming patchouli. The productivity of drybiomass in farmers level is very low 1 – 1.5 ton/ha/year. The productivitycan be increased by using superior variety planting on suitable land andfertilizer application. A field trial was conducted at the Keruing Village,Pundu District, Kotawaringin Timur Regency, from November 2003 toOctober 2004. The location altitude was 17 meter above sea level, soil typeultisols and climate type B 1 according to Oldeman classification. Theobjective of the research was to find out the best variety and dosage offertilizer in dry land. The research used a randomized block design, withfive replications. The treatments tested were four packages of technology(clone and inorganic fertilizer), comprised of A = Aceh clone withoutinorganic fertilizer (Control); B = Aceh clone with inorganic fertilizer, C =Sidikalang clone without inorganic fertilizer, and D = Sidikalang clonewith inorganic fertilizer. According to that circumstance conducted thevarious studies as follows : plant growth, number of branch, fresh herbs,dry herbs, oil yield and Patchouli Alcohol content (PA). For evaluating theagronomical characteristic used ANOVA and Honestly SignificantDifferent (BNJ) 5%. The result showed that combination Sidikalang cloneand inorganic fertilizer (240 kg urea + 70 kg SP-36 kg + 140 kg KCl/ha)produced as much as 127.97 kg oil with Patchouli alcohol (PA) content27.96%.Key words : Pogostemon cablin BENTH, dry land, clone, inorganicfertilizer, Central Kalimantan
Improvement of Cane Yield and Sugar Yield of Sugarcane (Sacharrum officinarum) Through Maintaining Ratoon FITRININGDYAH TRI KADARWATI; BUDI SANTOSO; AHMAD DHIAUL KHULUQ
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 21, No 4 (2015): Desember 2015
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/littri.v21n4.2015.199-205

Abstract

ABSTRACTThe level of sugarcane yield in dry land or rainfed generally still low at 40 to 50 tons per hectare. Farmers prefer maintenance of sugarcane than unloading ratoon cane (RC). This can be understood because unloading RC requires high cost, especially in the purchase of seed cane and tillage. Approach through maintaining ratoon techniques are expected to increase production and sugar yield. The research purposes to obtain cane yield and sugar yield RC optimally with maintaining ratoon techniques in dry land. Research has conducted in the Ngimbang, Lamongan district from June 2013 until August 2014. Sugarcane varieties used PS 862 (early ripening) belong to farmers. The study compiled by randomized block design (RBD) and repeated 3 times. The treatment consisted of 1). Replanting; 2). Off barring; 3). Organic fertilizer; 4). Maintaining 10 plants/m; 5). Giving PGR; 6). The package of (1+2); 7). The package of (1+2+3); 8). The package of (1+2+3+4); 9). The package of (1+2+3+4+5); and 10). Control. The results showed that the complete treatment of maintaining ratoon (replanting, off barring, organic fertilizer, maintaining 10 plants/m and PGR) obtained the highest value on the highgrowth parameters include 304.67 cm and a diameter of 3.16 cm, while the production parameters include the stalk number 5.73 stalk/m, stalk weight 1.29 kg/stalk, and stalk length 264.11 cm. Maintaining ratoon could gave the best cane yield and sugar yield than ratoon plants without maintaining ratoon cane with an increase of cane yield 16.20 tons/ha (32.14%) and an increase of sugar yield 1.38% (25.60%). Maintaining on ratoon cane 4th on rainfed significantly increase the production of sugarcane per hectare although not linear with increasing sugar yield.Keywords: Maintaining ratoon, PS 862 varieties, dry land, Sacharrum officinarum PENINGKATAN PRODUKSI DAN RENDEMEN TEBU (Sacharrum officinarum) MELALUI RAWAT RATOONABSTRAKTingkat produktivitas tebu di lahan kering atau tadah hujan umumnya masih rendah sebesar 40 sampai dengan 50 ton per hektar. Para petani tebu lebih memilih rawat ratoon daripada membongkar tebu ratoon (RC). Hal tersebut dapat dipahami karena membongkar ratoon membutuhkan biaya yang lebih besar, terutama dalam pembelian bibit tebu dan olah tanah. Pendekatan melalui teknik rawat ratoon diharapkan dapat meningkatkan produksi dan rendemen tebu. Tujuan dari penelitian untuk memperoleh pertanaman tebu dengan teknik rawat ratoon yang berproduksi dan berendemen optimal di lahan kering. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Ngimbang, Kabupaten Lamongan mulai Juni 2013 sampai Agustus 2014. Varietas tebu yang digunakan yaitu PS 862 (masak awal) milik petani. Penelitian disusun dengan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) yang diulang 3 kali. Perlakuan terdiri atas 1). Sulam; 2). Pedot Oyot; 3). Pupuk Organik; 4). Pertahankan 10 tanaman/m; 5). Pemberian ZPT; 6). Paket (1+2); 7). Paket (1+2+3); 8). Paket (1+2+3+4); 9). Paket (1+2+3+4+5); dan 10). Kontrol. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan lengkap pada rawat ratoon (sulam, pedot oyot, pupuk organik, 10 tanaman/m dan ZPT) diperoleh nilai tertinggi pada parameter pertumbuhan meliputi tinggi 304,67 cm dan diameter 3,16 cm, sedangkan parameter produksi meliputi jumlah batang terpanen 5,73 batang/m, bobot batang 1,29 kg/batang, dan panjang batang 264,11 cm. Rawat ratoon dapat memberikan hasil produksi dan rendemen terbaik dibandingkan tanaman tebu tanpa rawat ratoon dengan kenaikan sebesar 16,20 ton/ha (32,14%) dan peningkatan angka rendemen 1,38% (25,60%). Rawat ratoon RC 4 pada lahan tadah hujan secara signifikan meningkatkan produksi tebu perhektar meskipun tidak linier dengan peningkatan rendemen gula.Kata kunci: Rawat ratoon, varietas PS 862, lahan kering, Sacharrum officinarum
KARAKTERISASI SIFAT MORFOLOGI DAN PENYEBARAN KAYU AKWAY (Drymis sp.) DI PAPUA BARAT SYAKIR, M.; BERMAWIE, N.; AGUSTA, H.; PAISEY, E.N.
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 17, No 4 (2011): Desember 2011
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v17n4.2011.169-173

Abstract

ABSTRAKKayu akway merupakan tumbuhan obat yang banyak digunakanoleh masyarakat suku Arfak di Papua Barat. Tanaman ini digunakansebagai obat untuk meningkatkan kemampuan seksual dan stamina untukberaktivitas. Penelitian mengenai karakter morfologi dan penyebarantanaman akway telah dilakukan di Distrik Menyambouw, Manokwari padaketinggian 1.200, 1.600, 2.000, dan 2.400 m dml sejak bulan Septembersampai November 2007. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah petaktunggal berdasarkan fase pertumbuhan yang ditentukan secara purposifdibuat sebanyak 3 petak sehingga setiap ketinggian diperoleh 12 petakpercobaan dimana masing-masing petak diambil 3 sampel untuk masing-masing spesies yang ditemukan. Hasil identifikasi morfologi dari sampeltanaman yang ada ditemukan tiga jenis kayu akway pada berbagaiketinggian, yaitu : kayu akway putih (Drymis winterii), merah besar(Drymis piperita), dan merah kecil (Drymis beccariana). Perbedaanmorfologi dari ketiga spesies ditunjukkan oleh pepagan bagian luar, arahtumbuh batang, model aksitektur, warna pucuk, warna daun, susunan daun,bentuk helaian daun, dan tepi daun. Hasil analisis fitokomia dari ekstrakdaun, kulit batang, dan akar dari ketiga spesies kayu akway terbuktimengandung senyawa afrodisiak seperti : saponin, alkaloid, dan steroid.Populasi tanaman kayu akway putih jumlahnya meningkat pada ketinggianyang bertambah tinggi, kayu akway merah besar populasinya relatif samauntuk setiap ketinggian yang berubah, sedangkan kayu akway merah kecilsemakin tinggi elevasi tanaman semakin banyak jumlahnya. Hasilidentifikasi tipe tanah dan iklim tempat tumbuh ketiga spesies kayu akwayini ternyata mengandung C organic 3,95%, N total 0,34% dan phosphor13,10 ppm, serta tumbuh di dataran tinggi dengan suhu udara rata-rata18,5ºC, kelembapan 70% dan intensitas matahari 898 candle.Kata kunci : Drymis sp., karakterisasi, morfologi, penyebaranABSTRACTMorphology Characterization and Spread of Drymis sp.In West PapuaDrymis sp. is one of the medicinal plants used in Arfak ethnic inMenyambouw, Manokwari Papua Barat. Part of the plant extract (root,leaf, bark and trunk) used to increase stamina for their activity. This studyconducted to find out the morphology characters and spread of Drymis sp.in different elevation e.q. 1,200, 1,600, 2,000 and 2,400 m above sea levelfrom September to November 2007. Experimental design for this studyused compartment method based on growth phase which is determined bypurposively in every elevation 3 plots or 12 plots for 3 species in the sameelevation. In each species will be selected 3 plants for sample. Afteridentification of sample, data of morphology character will be recorded ineach species, chemical component of soil in the area of study, and locationspread from each species. The results show that 3 species of Drymis sp.found in that area e.q. Drymis winterii, Drymis piperita, and Drymisbeccariana. There were morphological differences of the species; onoutside of bark, direction of stem, tree architectures, leaf color, leaf shape,leaf formation, and leaf apex. Result of phytochemical analysis derivedfrom leaf, bark and root extract of the three species of Drymis sp. provedthat there were higher contents of saponin, alkaloid, and steroidconcentrations known as part of afrodisiak component. Soil and climate ofthis study area contained 3.95% C-organic, 0.34% total N, and 13.10 ppmphosphor. This Drymis species grew in higher altitude with airtemperature, RH, and sunlight intensity of 18.5ºC, 70%, and 898 candlerespectevely. Based on different level of altitude at 1200, 1600, 2000, and2400 m above sea level, result showed that D. winterii increased theirnumber of population compared to other species. In D. peperita, theinfluence of altitude to number of population was relatively the same. Butin D. beccariana, population decreased in higher elevation. The soil onwhich the plants grew contained 3.95% organic C, 0.34% total N, and13.10 ppm phosphor with the average air temperature of 18.5°C, relativehumidity 70%, and sunlight intensity of 898 candles.Key words : Drymis sp., charaterization, morphology, spread

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