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Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri
Published by Kementerian Pertanian
ISSN : 08538212     EISSN : 25286870     DOI : -
Core Subject : Engineering,
Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri merupakan publikasi ilmiah primer yang memuat hasil penelitian primer komoditas perkebunan yang belum dimuat pada media apapun, diterbitkan oleh Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan, DIPA 2011 terbit empat kali setahun.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 552 Documents
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VARIASI KETAHANAN GENOTIPE KENAF (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) TERHADAP NEMATODA PURU AKAR (Meloidogyne incognita) UNTUNG SETYO-BUDI; SUDJINDRO SUDJINDRO; R. D. PURWATI
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 15, No 2 (2009): Juni 2009
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v15n2.2009.60-65

Abstract

ABSTRAKNematoda puru akar (Meloidogyne sp.) merupakan penyakit yangtergolong penting dan banyak menyerang pertanaman kenaf di lahanpengembangan maupun pembenihan, sehingga banyak menimbulkankerugian bagi petani karena terjadi penurunan produktivitasnya. Tanamankenaf (H. cannabinus) umumnya tidak tahan nematoda, namun kerabatdekat kenaf dari jenis liar seperti H. radiatus (radiatus) diketahuimengandung gen ketahanan terhadap nematoda. Persilangan inter spesifikantara kenaf dan radiatus yang beda spesies, diharapkan akan dapatmentransfer gen ketahanan dari radiatus ke kenaf, sehingga diperolehvarietas unggul kenaf yang tahan nematoda. Tujuan penelitian ini adalahuntuk mengetahui variabilitas genetik sifat ketahanan tanaman kenafterhadap serangan M. incognita pada F1 dibandingkan dengan keduatetuanya. Kegiatan persilangan interspesifik antara kenaf (H. cannabinus)dan radiatus (H. radiatus) dilakukan di KP. Karangploso Malang padaTahun 2002, sedangkan uji ketahanan nematoda puru akar (M. incognita)terhadap keturunan dan kedua tetuanya dilaksanakan di Desa Kendalrejo,Kabupaten Blitar pada bulan Februari s/d Agustus 2003. Pengujianketahanan di lapang dilakukan menggunakan metode baris tanpa ulanganpada jarak tanam 20 x 20 cm, dengan perlakuan terdiri dari lima set hasilpersilangan dan kedua tetuanya yakni 20 populasi F1, 20 populasi P1 dan20 populasi P2, dengan masing-masing populasi 20 tanaman. Hasil ujitanah di laboratorium menunjukkan bahwa rata-rata kandungan larva M.incognita (sebagai populasi awal) adalah sebesar 96 ekor/100 ml tanahdan dikategorikan sangat tinggi. Sedangkan hasil identifikasi sidik pantat(berdasarkan perenial patternnya) terhadap larva betina dewasa diketahuibahwa jenis nematoda di lokasi penelitian adalah dari spesies Meloidogyneincognita. Pengamatan dan perhitungan larva M. incognita dilakukan diLaboratarium Hama dan Penyakit Balittas, Malang. Pengamatan dilakukanterhadap jumlah puru akar per tanaman, kerusakan akar tanaman, danpopulasi larva M. incognita dalam tanah sebagai faktor R (R = reproduksilarva). Untuk menggolong-golongkan tingkat ketahanan terhadap M.incognita digunakan metode Zeck melalui indeks kerusakan akar. Darihasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa, semua keturunan F1 dari 5persilangan interspesifik antara KR 6 x Kal II, KR 11 x Kal II, KR 12 xKal II, Hc G-1 x Kal II, dan Hc G-51 x Kal II tidak ada yang tahanterhadap serangan M. incognita. Nilai ketahanan genotipe F1 terletak diantara tetua jantan (Kal II/ radiatus) yang tahan dan tetua betina (kenaf)yang sangat rentan.Kata kunci : Hibiscus cannabinus L., interspesifik, variabilitas genetik,ketahanan, Meloidogyne incognitaABSTRACTResistance variability of kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.)genotypes to root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognitaL.)Root Knot Nematode (Meloidogyne incognita) is an importantdisease on kenaf plantation in the development area and its nursery. Thiscondition generates reduce of productivity and loss of farmers’ income.Kenaf plants are generally not resistant to nematode infestation, so theyneed resistant gene from other species (H. radiatus) to be transfered to H.cannabinus by interspecific hybridization. The objective of this researchwas to obtain genetic variability of kenaf resistance to Meloidogyneincognita attact. Interspecific hybridization between H. cannabinus and H.radiatus was conducted at KP Karangploso, Malang in 2002. Meanwhile,evaluation of F1 lines and their parents to M. incognita resistance wasconducted at Kendalrejo, Blitar on February to August 2003. In this area,the type of soil is medium fertile-light-sandy soil containing high densitiesof root-knot nematode larvae. Five sets of F1 resulted from hybridizationbetween H. canabinus and H. radiatus and their parents were planted in arow method without replication. Subsequently, these seeds were used asthe materials in this study. The observation and evaluation of these larvaewas performed at the Phytopathology Laboratory of the IndonesianTobacco and Fiber Crops Research Institute, Malang. The preliminaryresult showed that the average of the initial population was 96 larvae per100 ml of soil, which is categorized as a very high larvae content.Furthermore, the identification to the adult female larvae (perennial patternmethod) showed that the root-knot nematode found in the location ischaracterized as M. incognita. Parameters observed were total number ofgall per plant, degree of root damage, and populations of M. incognitalarvae in the soil as a R-factor (R = larvae reproduction). The degree ofresistance to M. incognita are analyzed according to Zeck method usingroot damage index. Results of this research are : all F1 from fiveinterspesific hybridization between KR 6 x Kal II, KR 11 x Kal II, KR 12x Kal II, Hc G-1 x Kal II, and Hc G-51 x Kal II are still more sucseptiblecompared to their male parent (Kal II) which is resistant to root-knotnematode.Key words : Hibiscus cannabinus L., interspecific, genetic variability,resistance, Meloidogyne incognita
SUBSTITUSI LEMAK KAKAO DENGAN MINYAK DARI INTI KELAPA SAWIT DAN KELAPA TERHIDROGENASI UNTUK PRODUK COKELAT SUSU / Substitution of Cocoa Butter with Hydrogenated Oil From Palm Kernel and Coconut for Milk Chocolate Product Elsera Br Tarigan; Juniaty Towaha; Tajul Iflah; Dibyo Pranowo
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 22, No 4 (2016): Desember, 2016
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/littri.v22n4.2016.167-175

Abstract

Many studies have been conducted to obtain equivalens, substitutent and replacers of cocoa butter, but limited application was observed for their application in milk chocolate. Research carried out in the Bioindustry Laboratory of Balittri, from January to December 2015. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of the hydrogenated oil addition from palm kernel (MIKS-H) and coconut (MK-H) as substituents of cocoa butter (LKo) on milk chocolate product. Cocoa was processed for milk chocolate by adding various cocoa butter substitutens including 100% LKo (A); LKo - MIKS-H 70:30 (B) and 50:50 (C), respectively; LKo - MK-H 70:30 (D) and 50:50 (E), respectively; and LKo – MIKS-H – MK-H 33:33:33 (F). Several properties of products such as melting point, texture, colors, volatil organic compound, and organoleptic test were measured. As results, a mixture of LKo and MK-H 50:50 yielded a milk chocolate with lower melting temperature, 32 – 33oC. Whereas, MIKS-H 50% added in the mixture harder 16.25 times than LKo 100%. Total volatile compounds in milk chocolate was 25- 30. Organoleptic test with overall parameter indicates that panelists preferred milk chocolate formula E. In general, MIKS-H and MK-H were able to be used as a substitute of LKo.Keywords: Cocoa butter, fat substitution, milk chocolate AbstrakPenelitian tentang substitusi lem ak kakao telah banyak dilakukan, namun aplikasinya pada cokelat susu serta pengaruhnya terhadap mutu dan kesukaan konsumen belum banyak dilakukan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penambahan minyak terhidrogenasi dari inti kelapa sawit (MIKS-H) dan kelapa (MK-H) sebagai substitusi lemak kakao (LKo) untuk produk cokelat susu. Kakao diolah menjadi produk cokelat susu dengan penambahan substituen lemak kakao yang beragam. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Bioindustri Balai Penelitian Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar (Balittri) dimulai bulan Januari sampai Desember 2015. Perlakuan meliputi 100% LKo (A); LKo - MIKS-H dengan rasio 70:30 (B) dan 50:50 (C); LKo - MK-H dengan rasio 70:30 (D) dan 50:50 (E); serta LKo – MIKS-H – MK-H dengan rasio 33:33:33 (F). Parameter yang diuji adalah titik leleh, tekstur, warna, profil senyawa volatil dan uji kesukaan. Penambahan LKo dan MK-H dengan rasio 50:50 menghasilkan cokelat susu dengan kisaran titik leleh yang lebih rendah yaitu 32-33oC. Sementara, penambahan MIKS-H 50% dapat meningkatkan kekerasan cokelat sampai 16,25 kali lipat dibandingkan dengan penggunaan 100% LKo. Kisaran jumlah senyawa volatil produk cokelat susu dari enam formula adalah 25–30. Hasil uji organoleptik parameter overall (keseluruhan) menunjukkan bahwa panelis menyukai cokelat susu formula E. Secara umum MIKS-H dan MK-H dapat digunakan sebagai substituen lemak kakao. Kata kunci: Lemak kakao, substitusi lemak kakao, cokelat susu
PENGARUH TOPPING, JUMLAH DAUN, DAN WAKTU PENYAMBUNGAN TERHADAP KEBERHASILAN PENYAMBUNGAN JAMBU MENTE DI LAPANGAN ROBBER ZAUBIN; RUDI SURYADI
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 8, No 2 (2002): Juni, 2002
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v8n2.2002.55-60

Abstract

Rendahnya produktivitas perkebunan jambu mente di Indonesia, yaitu rata-rata hanya 350 kg gclondongha, disebabkan antara lain karena pohon- pohonnya berasal dari bibit (seedling) yang mutunya kurang baik. Untuk meningkatkan potensi produksinya, pertanaman jambu mente yang ada sebaiknya disambung dengan batang atas (entres) unggul.Teknik penyam- bungan dirumah atap sudah tersedia dengan hasil 90% - 95% sambungan hidup, sedangkan untuk penyambungan di lapangan baru dilakukan dengan metode sambung samping dengan keberhasilan 40%. Suatu penelitian telah dilakukan di Instalasi Penelitian Cikampek mulai Januari 2000 sampai dengan Januai 2001, dengan tujuan untuk menguji perlakuan topping, jumlah daun batang bawah dan waktu penyambungan yang terbaik untuk meningkatkan keberhasilan penyambungan jambu mente di lapangan Rancangannya adalah petak tcrpisah dengan 2 ulangan dan 32 sambungan/ perlakuan. Perlakuan yang diuji adalah (1) lopping (pembuangan pucuk batang bawah), sebagai petak utama, terdii atas (al) tanpa topping, dan (a2) topping; (2) jumlah daun pada batang bawah dan waktu penyambungan, sebagai anak petak, terdiri atas : (bl) 2 daun, disambungpukul 08.00-11.00, (b2) 2 daun, disambung pukul 1 1.00-13 00, (b3) 2 daun, disambung pukul 13.00-15.00, (M) 4 daun, disambung pukul 08.00-11.00, (b5) 4 daun, disambung pukul 11.00-13.00, (b6) 4 daun, disambung, pukul 13.00-15.00. Topping dilakukan 7 hai sebelum penyambungan. Sebagai batang bawah digunakan tunas-tunas yang tumbuh dai pangkal batang mente jenis Pecangaan yang ditebang pada tinggi I m. Batang atas diambil dai pohon unggul jenis Balakrisnan-02. Parameter yang diamati adalah jumlah sambungan yang hidup, pertumbuhan tunas, dan jumlah daun. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya interaksi yang nyata dari perlakuan terhadap semua parameter. Interaksi terbaik diperoleh pada topping dengan 4 helai daun pada batang bawah dan waktu penyambungan pukul 08.00 - 11.00, dengan jumlah sambungan hidup, pertumbuhan tunas dan jumlah daun tetinggi, masing-masing 86.36% ; 27 cm ; dan 14 daun, sedangkan hasil terendah ditunjukkan oleh interaksi tanpa topping dengan 2 helai daun pada batang bawah dan waktu penyambungan pukul 1 3 00-15.00, dengan 10% sambungan hidup, petumbuhan tunas 12 cm, dan 5 helai daun.Kata kunci: Anacardium occidentale L, topping, teknik penyambungan, produktivitas ABSTRACTEffect of topping, number of leaves and time of grafting on the success of cashew grafting at ield conditionsThe low productivity of cashew plantation in Indonesia, average 350 kg pods/ha, is among others caused by low quality of the cashew plants developed from seedlings. To increase the productivity, the existing trees should be grated with scions taken from high yielding vaieties. The grating technique of cashew at lath-house conditions is available with a success of 90-95%, however, grating technique for ield conditions using (he side grat succeded only 40%. The experiment was conducted at Cikampek Research Installation - Balittro, from January 2000 to January 2001, lo studs the efect of topping, number of leaves on rootstock, and the lime of grating on the success of cashew grating at ield conditions. The design was a split plot, with 2 replicates and 32 grats/treatment. The treatments were (1) topping of the rootstock, as the main plot, consisted of (al) without topping, (a2) topping, and (2) number of leaves on the rootstock and period of grating, as the subplot, consisted of (bl) 2 leaves at the rootstock/grated at 8.00 - 1 1.00, (b2) 2 leaves at the rootstock/graded at 11.00-13.00, (b3) 2 leaves al the rootstock/gratcd at 13.00-15.00, (b4) 4 leaves at the rootstock/gratcd at 08.00- 11.00, (b5) 4 leaves at the rootstock/grafted at 11.00-13.00, (b6) 4 leaves at the rootstock/gratcd at 13.00-15.00. Topping was conducted 7 days before grating Shoots grown from the trunk of the Pecangaan type, coppiced at I m height, were used as the rootstock Scions were taken from high yielding vaiety Balakisnan 02 type. Parameters assessed were number of 'lakes" and growth of scion, consisted of length of scion and number of leaves. Results of the expeiment showed that there were significant interaction of the treatments on all of the parameters. The best interaction was shown by topping with 4 leaves at the rootstock and grated at 8.00-11.00 which resulted in a 86.3% of "takes", 27 cm length of scion with 14 leaves, while the lowest results were shown by without topping with 2 leaves at the rootstock and grated at 13.00- 15.00 with 10% of "takes". 12 cm lengOi of scion with 5 leaves.Key words Anacardium occidentale L., grafting technique, topping, productivity
EFISIENSI MEDIA KULTUR DAN APLIKASI TEMPORARY IMMERSION SYSTEM PADA EMBRIOGENESIS SOMATIK KOPI ARABIKA / Efficiency of Culture Media and Aplication Temporary Immersion Systemon on Somatic Embryogenesis Arabica Coffee Meynarti Sari Dewi Ibrahim; RR. Sri Hartati; Rubiyo Rubiyo; Agus Purwito; Sudarsono Sudarsono
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 23, No 1 (2017): Juni, 2017
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/littri.v23n1.2017.45-54

Abstract

In vitro culture requires sucrose as carbon source and seaweed gel for condensing media.  The price of sucrose and agar were quite expensive, causing difficulties in plant propagation using somatic embryogenesis technique. The purpose of this study was to examine the possibility to utilize sugar and commercial agar in somatic embryogenesis of Arabica coffee. The study was conducted in the Agricultural Superior Seed Development Unit, Indonesian Center Estate Crops Research and Development from May 2013 to June 2015.The first stage, calli were transferred into regeneration  medium with tested added sucrose 35 g L-1+phytagel 2.5g L-1, and sugar 35 g L-1 +(phytagel 2.5 g L-1 or commercial agar 9 g L-1). In the second one, torpedo stage embryos transfered into media germination with examined sucrose 40 g L-1+ phytagel (2.5g L-1or 1.5g L-1), sugar40 g L-1 + (phytagel 2.5g L-1 or commercial agar 9 g L-1). The third stage,torpedos transferred into Temporary Immersion System (RITA), treatment examined sucrose and sugar.Experiments were arranged in completely randomized design with 10, 20 and 3 replication. The first stage, results showed  sugar and commercial agar couldnot substitute sucrose and phytagel on regeneration media because it can reduce calli fresh weight and number of somatic embryos. The germination stage, sugar + phytagel (2.5 and 1.5 g L-1) can still be recommended, but not for sugar + commercial agar. Sugarin RITA may be used because had no significant effect on all parameters observed.Key words : Coffea  arabika L., somatic embryogenesis, sugar, commercial agar, RITA. AbstrakPerkembangan dan pertumbuhan embriogenesis somatik memerlukan sukrosa sebagai sumber karbon, dan agar untuk memadatkan media. Harga sukrosa dan phytagel yang mahal merupakan kendala dalam perbanyakan tanaman menggunakan teknik embriogenesis somatik. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengkaji kemungkinan penggunaan gula pasir dan agar komersial dalam embriogenesis somatik kopi Arabika. Penelitian dilakukan di Laboratorium Kultur Jaringan Tanaman, Unit Pengembangan Benih Unggul Pertanian, Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Pertanian Indonesia dari Mei 2013 sampai Juni 2015. Tahap pertama, kalus disubkultur pada media regenerasi. Perlakuan yang digunakan pemberian sukrosa 35 g L-1 +  phytagel2,5 g L-1dan gula pasir 35 g L-1 + (phytagel 2,5 g L-1atau agar komersial  9 g L-1). Tahap kedua, embrio fase torpedo disubkultur pada media perkecambahan. Perlakuan yang digunakan pemberian sukrosa 40 g L-1 + phytagel (2,5 g L-1 atau 1,5 g L-1),dan gula pasir 40 g L-1  + (phytagel 2,5  g L-1atau agar komersial 9 g L-1). Tahap ketiga adalah subkultur torpedo ke Temporary Immersion System (RITA). Perlakuan yang digunakan adalah pemberian sukrosa dan gula pasir. Penelitian menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap dengan 10, 20 dan 3 ulangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa gula pasir dan agar komersial tidak dapat menggantikan sukrosa dan phytagel pada media regenerasi kalus kopi Arabika karena dapat menurunkan bobot basah kalus dan jumlah embrio somatik. Pada media perkecambahan pemberian gula pasir + phytagel  (2,5 dan 1,5 g L-1) masih dapat direkomendasikan, tetapi tidak untuk  penggunaan gula pasir + agar komersial. Pemakaian gula pasir pada RITA dapat digunakan karena tidak memberikan hasil yang berbeda nyata untuk semua peubah yang diamati.Kata kunci : Agar komersial, Coffea arabika L., embriogensis somatik, gula pasir, RITA 
PENGARUH BEBERAPA CARA PEMANGKASAN TAJUK TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN PRODUKSI GAMBIR (Uncaria gambir (Hunter) Roxb) ZULKIFLI HASAN
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 7, No 4 (2001): Desember, 2001
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v7n4.2001.120-123

Abstract

Effect of pruning on the growth and yield of gambir (Uncaria gambir)Gambir is harvested by pruning Uie branches, twigs and leaves. Improving pruning method in harvesting Ihe crop may cnchancc (o increase the yield of dry gambir where al prcscnl (he yield was 632 kg/ha. Therefore, different techniques of pruning were studied, including : table, clean, and deep prunnings, and pruning technique adapted by farmers as the control The study was conducted in the Laing Experiment Farm, Solok, from April 2000 to February 2001. The experiment was designed as a randomized block in 6 replicates. Results showed that pruning conducted al harvest improved the growth of plant and increase the yield of dry gambir. The highest yield of dry gambir compared with table pruning produced 735,25 kg/ha, significantly higher than deep pruning (371, 25 kg/ha), clean pruning (464.40 kg/ha) or pruning adapted by farmer (521 kg/ha). The last three methods were not signiicantly different in terms of the yield.
KERAGAMAN GENETIK, HERITABILITAS DAN KORELASI ANTAR KARAKTER KUANTITATIF NILAM (Pogostemon sp.) HASIL FUSI PROTOPLAS BUDI MARTONO
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 15, No 1 (2009): Maret 2009
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v15n1.2009.9-15

Abstract

ABSTRAKFusi protoplas merupakan salah satu alternatif yang dapat dilakukanuntuk meningkatkan keragaman genetik pada tanaman nilam. Pendugaanparameter genetik nilam hasil fusi protoplas nilam Jawa (Girilaya) dengannilam Aceh (Sidikalang dan TT 75) adalah penting dalam programpemuliaan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui keragaman genetik,heritabilitas, korelasi fenotipik dan genotipik beberapa karakter kuantitatifhibrida somatik nilam hasil fusi protoplas. Penelitian dilakukan di KP.Cimanggu Balittro dari bulan Juli-Desember 2004. Rancangan percobaanyang digunakan adalah rancangan acak kelompok dengan 33 genotipeyang terdiri dari 3 tetua dan 30 klon hibrida somatik sebagai perlakuan dandiulang dua kali. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa jumlah cabangprimer, jumlah daun per cabang primer dan tebal daun mempunyaikeragaman genetik yang sempit, sedangkan tinggi tanaman, panjangcabang primer, jumlah dan panjang cabang sekunder, panjang dan lebardaun, panjang tangkai daun, produksi terna basah dan kering keragamangenetiknya luas. Heritabilitas tinggi tanaman, panjang cabang primer,panjang cabang sekunder, panjang dan lebar daun, panjang tangkai daun,produksi terna basah dan kering bernilai tinggi. Sedangkan karakter jumlahcabang primer, jumlah cabang sekunder, jumlah daun per cabang primerdan tebal daun bernilai heritabilitas rendah sampai sedang. Sebagian besarkarakter yang diamati memiliki keragaman genetik luas dan heritabilitastinggi, kecuali jumlah cabang primer, jumlah daun per cabang primer dantebal daun. Korelasi fenotipik dan genotipik positif dan nyata terhadapproduksi terna kering ditunjukkan oleh karakter tinggi tanaman, jumlahcabang primer, panjang cabang sekunder, panjang dan lebar daun, panjangtangkai daun serta produksi terna basah.Kata kunci: Pogostemon sp., fusi protoplas, parameter genetikABSTRACTGenetic variability, heritability, and correlation among quantitativecharacters of patchouli (Pogostemon sp.) derived from protoplastfussionProtoplast fussion is one of the alternatives for increasing geneticvariability of patchouli. Study to estimate genetic parameters of somatichybrids of Pogostemon heyneaneus (cv. Girilaya) x P. cablin (cv.Sidikalang and TT 75) is important in breeding program. Study on geneticvariability, heritability, phenotypic and genetic correlation for somequantitative characters of somatic hybrids of patchouli derived fromprotoplast fussion was conducted in Cimanggu Experimental Garden fromJuly to December 2004. The experiment was arranged in a randomizedcomplete block design with two replications using 33 genotypes consistingof three parents and 30 somatic hybrids as treatments. Results of thisexperiment showed that number of primary branches, number of leaves onprimary branches, and thickness of leaves indicated narrow geneticvariability, while plant height, length of primary branches, number andlength of secondary branches, length and width of leaves, leaf petiolelength, fresh and dry leaves production indicated wide genetic variability.Plant height, length of primary branches, number and length of secondarybranches, length and width of leaves, leaf petioles length, fresh and dryleaves production showed high heritability values. Meanwhile, thecharacters of number of primary and secondary branches, number ofleaves on primary branches and thick of leaves showed moderate to lowheritability values. Most characters observed showed wide geneticvariability and high heritability, except for number of primary branches,number of leaves on primary branches, and thick of leaf. Phenotypic andgenotypic correlations between plant height, number of primary branches,length of secondary branches, length and width of leaves, leaf petiolelength and fresh leaves production with dry leaves production werepositive and significant.Key words: Pogostemon sp., protoplast fussion, genetic parameters
REKAYASA TEKNOLOGI MESIN PENGERING RIMPANG JAHE AGUS SUPRIATNA S.; DJAJENG SUMANGAT; nFN RISFAHERI
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 9, No 4 (2003): Desember 2003
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v9n4.2003.148-156

Abstract

Jahe gajah adalah tanaman obat yang sangat potensial dalam industri makanan, minuman maupun obat-obatan. Dalam proses pengolahannya memeriukan pcnanganan yang baik dalam rangka mempertahankan mutu produk yang dihasilkan. Salah satu proses yang sangat penting dan erat kailannya dengan mutu produk tersebut adalah pengcingan Pengcingan merupakan aspek penting dalam upaya pengawetan bahan dan mencegah terjadinya pencemaran oleh jamur atau patogen yang dapat menurunkan mutu bahan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk merancang bangun mesin pengering rimpang jahe sebagai bahan baku industi obat. Dalam jangka panjang penelitian ini dipersiapkan untuk menyediakan teknologi rancang bangun dan teknologi proses dalam pengembangan agroindusti tanaman obat, sehingga dapat meningkatkan nilai tambah rimpang jahe dan aktivitas di pedesaan. Penelitian dilakukan di Bengkel Rekayasa dan di Laboratorium Pengolahan Hasil, Balittro pada bulan April - Desember tahun 2002. Metode yang digunakan meliputi perancangan, pembuatan, pengujian, perbaikan, pengujian akhir dan analisis mutu. Mesin pengering impang jahe yang dirancang bangun adalah mesin pengering tipe rak yang berkapasitas S00 kg jahe iisan tiap operasi pengcingan. Sistem pemanasnya menggunakan minyak tanah sebagai bahan bakar dengan konsumsi 3-6 liter perjam dan dilengkapi dengan kipas untuk mendorong udara panas dengan kapasitas 102 m per menit. Kipas digerakkan dengan motor listrik bertenaga 2 HP (1440 RPM, SO Hz). Hasil pengujian dengan menggunakan 100 kg jahe gajah irisan menunjukkan bahwa lama pengcringan sampai mencapai kadar air keseimbangan adalah 13 jam. Rendemen jahe iisan kering rata-rata 13.5%, laju pengeringan 6.85 kg air perjam, dan efisiensi pengcringan 38.84%. Suhu ruang pengering 60-70"C dan kelembaban relatif 20 - 25%. Biaya pengeingan 500 kg jahe iisan jika perajangan jahe dilakukan secara manual yaitu Rp. I 022 perkg. Jika menggunakan mesin perajang, biaya pengeingan menjadi Rp. 273 per kg. Mesin pengeing layak digunakan oleh petani atau kelompok tani. Harga jual produk jahe irisan Rp.30 000 perkg jika pcrajangannya manual, dan Rp. 25 000 per kg jika pcrajangannya menggunakan mesin. Jumlah jahe gajah segar yang dibutuhkan pada titik impas (BEP) yaitu 70.107 kg-'tahun atau 292 kg perhai setara dengan luas pertanaman 2 ha jika perajangan secara manual, dan 33 357 kg/tahun atau 139 kg/hari setara dengan luas areal pertanaman 1 ha jika pcrajangannya menggunakan mesin.Kata kunci: Jahe, simplisia, alat pengeing, irisan, perajangan manual, perajangan mesin ABSTRACT Technology of sliced ginger dryerGinger is a medicinal crop which is very potential as raw mateial in food, drink, and medicinal industry. Drying is an important aspect of its processing to preserve and protect it from fungi or pathogens which can decrease its quality. The aim of this research is to design a drying machine for rhizomes of Zingiberaceae as raw mateial of medicinal industry. In the long term, this research will produce a design and process technology to develop a medicinal crops industry, so that the crops it can get an added value and increase activity in the rural area. The research was conducted al the Workshop and Post Harvest Laboratory of the Research Institute for Spices and Medicinal Crops, Bogor in April-December 2002. The methods used were designing, constructing and testing, repairing, inal testing and quality analysis. The dryer type was tray dryer with capacity 500 kg for each drying process. Drying chamber was equipped with 40 drying trays. Heating unit used kerosene with consumption rate of 3-6 l/hr. This heating system was equipped with electrical fan blower, which had capacity 102 mVminutc. This fan blower was powered by 2 HP electical motor (1440 RPM, 50 Hz). The methods were designing, constructing, testing, and product quality analysis. The result of sliced ginger drying showed that the 148 drying time to achieve the equilibrium moisture content was 13 hours. The average drying yield was 13.5% and the drying rate was 6.85 kg water/hr. In general, the drying system has drying eiciency of 38.84%. The temperature of drying chamber was 60-70 °C with relative humidity of 20- 25%. The cost analysis showed that the drying cost of resh ginger per kilogram was Rp.l 022 if drying process was carried out manually, while the drying cost using the machine was Rp. 273. This dryer is feasible to be operated by farmers or farmers groups if they arc able to sell the died product at a price not less than Rp. 30 000/kg (by manual slicing) and Rp. 25 000 (by machine slicing). The quantity of fresh ginger at BEP was 70.107 kg/year or 292 kg/day (by manual slicing), while using the slicing machine; the quantity of resh ginger at BEP was 33 357 kg/year or 139 kg/day.Key words: Ginger, simplisia, ginger dryer, manual slicing, machine slicing
PERTUMBUHAN DAN PRODUKSI TANAMAN KACANG TANAH (Arachis hipogea) DAN SENGON (Paraserianthes falcataria) DI ANTARA TANAMAN KELAPA DI SUKABUMI JAWA BARAT SUPRIADI, HANDI; LUNTUNGAN, H. T.
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 8, No 4 (2002): Desember, 2002
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v8n4.2002.126-131

Abstract

Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Januari sampai dengan Desember 2001 di Desa Caringinnunggal, Kecamatan Waluran, Kabupaten Sukabumi, yang bcrada pada kelinggian 250 m di atas permukaan laut, tipe iklim B2 (Oldeman) dan jenis tanahnya Podsolik Merah Kuning. Rancangan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah rancangan acak kelompok dengan empat ulangan. Perlakuan model polatanam kelapa yang diuji sebagai berikut (1) kelapa + sengon 140 pohon/ha ♦ kacang tanah, (2) kelapa + sengon 280 pohon/ha + kacang tanah, (3) kelapa + sengon 420 pohon/ha ♦ kacang tanah, (4) kelapa + sengon 560 pohon/ha + kacang tanah, (5) kelapa + sengon 700 pohon/ha + kacang tanah dan (6) kelapa monokultur. 'Tujuan dai penelitian ini untuk mcngciahui pertumbuhan dan produksi dari beberapa model polatanam kelapa dengan tanaman sela kacang tanah dan sengon. Pengamatan dilakukan terhadap parameter agronomi meliputi data petumbuhan kacang tanah, sengon dan kelapa seta data produksi kacang tanah. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis dengan menggunakan sidik ragam dan dilanjutkan dengan uji BNJ. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan produktivitas kacang tanah pada polatanam kelapa * sengon 700 pohon/ha + kacang tanah prospektif dengan hasil mencapai 2 183 kg/ha dengan tinggi tanaman 30.25 cm dan polong isi sebanyak 9.65 buah. Sedang untuk tanaman sengon tingginya telah mencapai 312.3 cm dengan diameter 10.57 cm. Adanya tanaman sela diantara kelapa tidak menurunkan pembentukan jumlah daun, jumlah bunga betina dan jumlah tandan tanaman kelapa.Kata kunci: Cocos nucifera, Paraserianthes falcataria, Arachis hipogea, polatanam ABSTRACTGrowth and producion of peanut and albizia between coconut palms in Sukabumi, West JavaThe study was conducted from January to December 2001 at Caringinnunggal, Sukabumi 250 m above sea level with type of climate Bj according to Oldeman and soil type Red Yellow Podsolic. The expeiment was designed as a randomized block in 4 replicates. The cropping system models consisted of : (1) Coconut + albizia 140 trees/ha ♦ peanut (2) Coconut + albizia 280 trees/ha ♦ peanut. (3) Coconut + albizia 420 trees/ha + peanut, (4) Coconut + albizia 560 trees/ha + peanut, (5) Coconut + albizia 700 trees/ha + peanut and (6) Coconut as a control The purpose of this experiment was to know the growth and productivity of several fanning systems with intercrops in between coconut. The results of the research showed that the peanut production in the cropping system of coconut + albizia 700 trees/ha + peanut reached 2 183 kg/ha, peanut plant height 30.25 cm, mature pods 9.65/plant. While Ihe height of albizia plant reached 3)2.3 cm, stem diameter 10.57 cm. The intercrops planted in between the coconut palms did not reduce the number of leaves, the number of female flowers, and (he number of bunches.Key words : Cocos nucifera, Paraserianthes falcataria. Arachis hipogea, cropping system, production
PENINGKATAN KEBERHASILAN SAMBUNGAN TOP-WORKING JAMBU METE (Annacardium occidentale L.) DENGAN APLIKASI ASAM INDOL BUTIRAT / Improve Grafting Success of Top Working on Cashew (Annacardium occidentale L.) by Application of Indole Butyric Acid (IBA) Ireng Darwati; Rudi Suryadi; M. Syakir
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 23, No 2 (2017): Desember, 2017
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/littri.v23n2.2017.83-89

Abstract

Cashew (Annacardium occidentale L.) productivity in Indonesia is still low compared with other cashew producing countries, may be the use of low genetic quality of plant material. On of the efforts to improve the productivity is by using high quality genetic materials, which may be done by implementation of top-working technology. Top-working technology may be used to replace existing plants in the field with superior varieties rapidly through grafting method, without having to uproot the existing plants. Top-working on cashew nut crop is still not much information and the success rate is still relatively low when compared to fruit crops. Information on top-working in cashew is still scarce and with little success. Therefore, it is necessary to study the application of IBA to increase grafting success of top-working on cashew. The study was conducted at Cikampek Experimental Station (ES) from January to June 2016. The rootstock is 7 years old, the varieties used for the scion and rootstock are B02. Cashew tree trunks were cut about 1.2 - 1.5 m above ground level during rainy season. The scion used has a length of ± 15 cm and a diameter of 5 - 7 mm with the dormant bud. The design used was a randomized, single factor, with seven replications. The treatments tested were concentrations of IBA (0, 300, 600, and 900 ppm). The parameters measured were the percentage of grafting success, shoot length, leaves number, khlorophyl, and field determination of compatibility constant (FCC). The results showed that 600 ppm IBA application significantly increased the percentage of grafting success, shoot length, leaves number, and the highest FCC value (87.50%, 12.08 cm, leaf 11.40, and 13.84)Keywords: Annacardium occidentale L., auxin, productivity, percentage of grafting success, top-working AbstrakProduktivitas jambu mete (Annacardium occidentale L.) di Indonesia masih rendah yang disebabkan oleh penggunaan bahan tanaman dari biji dengan mutu genetik yang rendah. Salah satu upaya untuk meningkatkan produktivitas jambu mete adalah penerapan teknologi top-working yaitu teknologi menggantikan tanaman tidak unggul di lapang dengan varietas unggul secara cepat melalui cara penyambungan, tanpa harus membongkar tanaman. Tujuan penelitian adalah mendapatkan konsentrasi IBA yang tepat untuk meningkatkan persentase keberhasilan dan pertumbuhan sambungan top working pada tanaman jambu mete. Penelitian dilakukan di Kebun Percobaan (KP) Cikampek mulai bulan Januari sampai Juni 2016. Varietas yang digunakan untuk batang atas (entres) dan batang bawah yaitu B02, dan batang bawah berumur 7 tahun. Pada musim hujan dilakukan pemotongan batang pohon jambu mete setinggi 1,2 – 1,5 m di atas permukaan tanah. Batang atas yang digunakan berukuran panjang ± 15 cm dan diameter 5 – 7 mm dengan mata tunas yang masih tidur (dorman). Rancangan yang digunakan adalah acak kelompok dengan empat perlakuan dan tujuh ulangan. Perlakuan yang diuji adalah konsentrasi IBA (0, 300, 600, dan 900 ppm). Peubah yang diamati adalah persentase sambungan hidup, panjang tunas, jumlah daun, kandungan klorofil, dan kompatibilitas berdasarkan nilai konstan field determination of compatibility constant (FCC). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa aplikasi IBA 600 ppm dinilai cukup efisien dan efekftif dalam menghasilkan persentase sambungan hidup, panjang tunas, jumlah daun, dan kandungan klorofil.Kata kunci: Annacardium occidentale L., auksin, produktivitas, persen-tase keberhasilan sambungan, top-working.
KAJIAN SOSIAL EKONOMI MASYARAKAT PETANI PERKEBUNAN DI DALAM DAN DI SEKITAR HUTAN SYAFRU KEMALA
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 8, No 1 (2002): Maret, 2002
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v8n1.2002.12-19

Abstract

The contribution of estate subsector to the income of the farmers living in the forest and in the ■urronding area is still low. This study was caried out socioeconomic and their roles in improving their welfare. The study was conducted rom August to October 2000 in three forest management systems (1) system of Hak Pengusahaan Hutan (HPH) which was represented by Sukamulya and Siabu villages, Bangkinang, Kampar District, and Rambah Jaya Village, Rambah Hilir, Rokan Hulu District; (2) System of Hutan Taman Nasional which was represented by Andongrejo and Eaat Java Province; (3) System of Hutan Sosial (Perum Perhutani) which waa represented by Kedung Urang Village, Cilacap Subdistrict, and Sawangan Village, Jeruk Legi Subdistrict, Cilacap District, Central Java Province. Sample villages were chosen through purpose sampling method. The data were analyzed desciptively and comparative and approacted through socioeconomic indicators and criteria. The results of the research indicated that the socioeconomic condition of the estate farmers living in the forest and in the surrounding are was lower compared to those of the area was lower compared to those of the rice farmers and others farmers. The average income of the estate farmers ranged between Rp 360 860.00 and Rp 523 550.00. The range of income distribution (Gini ratio) was 0.295 to 0.430. Out of the three forest mana¬ gement systems, the village of Hutan Taman Nasional was better than those of two other systems, where the income level waa Rp 432 000.00 Gini ratio was 0.320; structure and inrastucture was moderate.

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