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INDONESIA
Buletin Iptek Tanaman Pangan
Published by Kementerian Pertanian
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Core Subject : Science, Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Computer Science & IT
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Articles 189 Documents
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Kelayakan Ekonomi dan Respon Petani terhadap Pengembangan Teknologi Produksi Kacang Hijau di Lahan Sawah Tadah Hujan Nila Prasetiaswati; Budhi S. Radjit
Iptek Tanaman Pangan Vol 5, No 2 (2010): Desember 2010
Publisher : Puslitbang Tanaman Pangan

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Abstract

Budi daya kacang hijau belum menerapkan teknik baku dan cenderung masih tradisional (sederhana). Percobaan dilaksanakan di Desa Megonten dan Tempuran, Kabupaten Demak, pada musim kemarau (bulan Juni-September), 2007 dan 2008, bertujuan mengevaluasi kelayakan ekonomis dan respon petani terhadap penerapan teknologi produksi kacang hijau. Dua perlakuan disusun secara berpasangan, pertama adalah teknologi baku yang terdiri atas varietas Vima I, jarak tanam teratur, pengendalian hama intensif, penyiangan (herbisida dan manual), dan pemberian pupuk daun. Perlakuan kedua adalah teknologi tradisional, varietas lokal. Ukuran petak percobaan 3 ha untuk setiap perlakuan, diikuti oleh 15 petani koperator sebagai ulangan. Tanaman tumbuh tanpa irigasi.Respon petani dianalisis menggunakan metode analisis faktor terhadap variabel komponen teknologi, yaitu pengelolaan lahan, varietas unggul Vima I, jarak tanam, pupuk daun, herbisida, dan panen pada masak fisiologis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa teknologi baku cukup layak dikembangkan di lahan sawah Vertisol, tanpa pengairan. Hasil biji tertinggi diperoleh dari teknologi baku, yaitu 1,92 t/ha dan 1,72 t/ha, sedangkan cara tradisional hanya menghasilkan 0,26 t/ha dan 1,02 t/ha. Rendahnya hasil dari penerapan teknologi tradisional disebabkan oleh serangan hama penggerek polong (Maruca testulalis). Meningkatnya hasil biji dengan menggunakan teknologi baku, diikuti oleh tingginya keuntungan yang diperoleh yaitu sebesar Rp 8.594.000/ha. Kelayakan usahatani masing-masing dengan B/C ratio 2,9 dan 2,4. Keuntungan teknologi tradisional apabila tidak terjadi serangan hama mencapai Rp 3.136.666 (B/C ratio 1,0). Komponen teknologi varietas unggul Vima I, pengelolaan lahan (babat jerami digunakan sebagai mulsa), dan pupuk daun termasuk faktor utama yang menjadi pilihan petani untuk diadopsi. Faktor pertimbangan kedua terdiri atas jarak tanam teratur, penggunaan herbisida dan pengendalian hama penyakit. Faktor pertimbangan ketiga adalah panen kacang hijau pada stadia masak fisiologis. Sosialisasi teknologi ke petani perlu dilakukan untuk mempercepat adopsi teknologi.
Pengembangan Padi Hibrida dengan Pendekatan PTT dan Penanda Padi Zulkifli Zaini; Erythrina Erythrina
Iptek Tanaman Pangan Vol 3, No 2 (2008): Oktober 2008
Publisher : Puslitbang Tanaman Pangan

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Abstract

Pemerintah bertekad meningkatkan produksi beras sebesar 2 juta ton pada tahun 2007, dan selanjutnya meningkat dengan laju 5% per tahun hingga tahun 2009. Upaya yang dilakukan untuk itu antara lain dengan meningkatkan produktivitas padi melalui pendekatan Pengelolaan Tanaman dan Sumber Daya Terpadu (PTT) dan penerapan teknologi padi hibrida. Pengkajian dalam bentuk petak percontohan PTT padi hibrida dan inbrida dilaksanakan di Kecamatan Ketibung dan Palas, Lampung Selatan, dan Kecamatan Gading Rejo, Kabupaten Tanggamus, Lampung pada tahun 2007. Pengkajian bertujuan untuk mensintesis peluang peningkatan produksi padi pada lahan sawah irigasi di Lampung. Hasil pengkajian menunjukkan, padi inbrida yang dikelola petani dengan pendekatan non-PTT menghasilkan 5,27 t GKG/ha, dan meningkat 23% menjadi 6,49 t GKG/ha dengan pendekatan PTT. Keragaan varietas padi hibrida bervariasi antarlokasi, dengan hasil berkisar antara 6,28-7,35 t GKG/ha. Penggunaan paket teknologi padi hibrida dengan pendekatan penanda padi meningkatkan hasil 22,1% dan meningkatkan pendapatan 38,5%. Pelatihan bagi kelompok tani dengan model Sekolah Lapang dan pembekalan teknologi kepada penyuluh cukup efektif mempercepat adopsi teknologi PTT padi sawah.
Pemanfaatan Biji Keriput Kacang Tanah sebagai Benih Agustina Asri Rahmianna; Joko Purnomo; Didik Harnowo
Iptek Tanaman Pangan Vol 10, No 2 (2015): Desember 2015
Publisher : Puslitbang Tanaman Pangan

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Abstract

State Law No. 12/92 on agricultural systems for food crops stated that good quality seeds is seeds of correct and pure variety with high genetic, physiological and physical qualities, and in accordance with the quality standard of its class. The demand for groundnut seeds were almost entirely fulfilled by informal seed supply, which may come from a traditional system (farmers use their own seeds), buying from agricultural shops that process their own harvested pods into seeds, or buying from informal seed growers. Whilst the certified seeds produced by official seed growers is very limited in amount and supplys only a small portion of the total national seed demand. Under such condition, selection for seed quality is mainly based on the physical seed condition, such as seed size, brightness of seed coat color, and maturity of seeds. In other words, farmers prefer to select sound mature kernels and reject the shriveled kernels. Research results, however, indicated that plants generated from shriveled kernels were not significantly different to those generated from pithy kernels in term of growth and pod yield. Given the high cost and limited stocks of seed during the high planting season, it is advisable seed sorting process is not too tight and the use of wrinkled seeds for planting is prioritized. When there are overstock seeds, it is suggested to keep the sound or pithy seeds or to consume these seeds for food safety issue. This is because research results showed that shriveled seeds are more susceptible to Aspergillus flavus infection and aflatoxin contamination than the pithy seeds.
Prospek Varietas Toleran dalam Pengendalian Hama Kutu Kebul pada Kacang Tanah Astanto Kasno; Suharsono Suharsono; Trustinah Trustinah
Iptek Tanaman Pangan Vol 10, No 2 (2015): Desember 2015
Publisher : Puslitbang Tanaman Pangan

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Abstract

The status of whitefly (Bemisia tabaci Genn.) as a major pest of groundnut had increased in the past few years. Severe pest attacks occurred in the hot and dry season caused significant groundnut yield loss. An effective component of whitefly control is the use of resistant varieties since it has a wide host range. Evaluation of groundnut for resistant germplasms had been carried out with resistant criteria as a basis for the assesment. So far there has been no resistant groundnut genotypes identified as indicated by the number of whiteflies observed on each of groundnut genotype (256 whiteflies per accession). The resistance was defined as the ability of plants to grow under the pest infestation and produce acceptable yield. In this study, the pod yield criteria for resistance to whitefly were set up as follow: >1.2 t/ha = resistant (R); 1.0 to 1.2 t/ha = moderately resistant (MR), and <1.0 t/ha = susceptible (S). Based on these criteria and selection limit of 50% pod yield, 15 groundnut genotypes were found resistant to whitefly with pod yields ranging from 1.2-2.0 t/ha dry pods. Three groundnut varieties that resistant to whitefly were Takar 1, Talam 1, and Landak. Among these varieties, Takar 1 was the most resistant variety to whitefly. In order to maintain the resistance and to avoid the development of new strains of whiteflies, it is suggested that the planting of resistant groundnut should be integrated with selective use of insecticides.
Pemupukan sebagai Penentu Produktivitas Ubi Jalar Eman Paturohman; Sumarno Sumarno
Iptek Tanaman Pangan Vol 10, No 2 (2015): Desember 2015
Publisher : Puslitbang Tanaman Pangan

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Abstract

Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) is a cosmopolitan crop, grown on 116 countries in the world. A total of 34 countries harvested 200,000 tons or more fresh tuber annually, and 82 countries with a national production less than 200,000 tons per year. China accounted for 68% of the world’s sweet potato production or 90% of the Asian fresh tuber production. The sweet potato productivity varies among countries in the world, from less than 5 t/ha to 24 t/ha, mainly related to the amount use of inorganic fertilizers of N, K, and organic fertilizer. The recommended use of fertilizers for sweet potato is as follow: low to moderate dosage of N (40 to75 kg N/ha), low dossage of P (20-50 kg P2O5/ha), and medium to high dosage of K (75-100 kg K2O/ha), combined with organic manure (3-10 t/ha). Indonesian sweet potato productivity is relatively high as compared to that in other countries in the world with an average of 14.75 t/ha. In the provincial production center, sweet potato productivity ranges from 18 to 22.7 t/ha fresh tuber except in Nusa Tenggara Timur (7.5 t/ha) and Papua (10.9 t/ha). In other provinces, the productivities range from 7.1 to 15.5 t/ha fresh tubers. Commercial sweet potato farming is always carried out under an optimum agroecology condition; however farmers do not always obtain optimum yield due to inoptimum application of fertilizer. Application of the recommended dosage of inorganic fertilizers with the addition of 3 to 5 t/ha organic manure is expected to improve sweet potato productivity to 24-25 t/ha fresh tubers. Improvement on sweet potato productivity will increase the supply of fresh tubers to the markets and thus, increases the sweet potato consumption as a rice substitute.
Cendawan Tular Tanah (Rhizoctonia solani) Penyebab Penyakit Busuk Pelepah pada Tanaman Jagung dan Sorgum dengan Komponen Pengendaliannya Soenartiningsih Soenartiningsih; M. Akil; N. N. Andayani
Iptek Tanaman Pangan Vol 10, No 2 (2015): Desember 2015
Publisher : Puslitbang Tanaman Pangan

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Abstract

Sheath blight is an important disease of maize and sorghum. Yield decrease on susceptible varieties of both commodities due to the disease is high. The fungus survives in the form of sclerotia or hyphae in the soil or remains on infected plants. The pathogen has a wide range of host plants including members of the families Leguminosae, Solanaceae, Cucurbitaceae, and Gramineae, hence causes the fungi difficult to control. Control of the disease could be done biologically using antagoistic microorganisms such as Trichoderma spp., Gliocladium spp., and vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizae, planting resistant varieties, as well as mechanically, physically, and chemically.
Keunggulan Penggunaan Fosfat Alam pada Pertanaman Kedelai di Lahan Kering Masam Andy Wijanarko
Iptek Tanaman Pangan Vol 10, No 2 (2015): Desember 2015
Publisher : Puslitbang Tanaman Pangan

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Abstract

Phosphorus is an essential nutrient required in large quantities by plants after Nitrogen. Rock phosphate is an alternative to improve the P availability in the soil, especially in acid soils. The use of rock phosphate in agriculture, should primarily be initiated by improving its reactivity due to its low reactivity. Characteristics of rock phosphate, chemical and physical properties of soil, and type of crops grown are greatly affecting the direct application rock phosphate in agriculture. The natural phosphate may be improved by the application of organic matter, use of strong acid or sulfur, application of phosphate solvent microorganisms, and increase use of high solubility fertilizer such as SP-36.
Biopestisida untuk Pengendalian Hama dan Penyakit Tanaman Aneka Kacang dan Umbi Sumartini Sumartini
Iptek Tanaman Pangan Vol 11, No 2 (2016): Desember 2016
Publisher : Puslitbang Tanaman Pangan

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Abstract

Several types of pests and diseases in food crops must be controlled. Biopesticides use is one component of pest and disease control in an Integrated Pest Management (IPM). Biopesticides in Indonesia are still less popular, many people misinterpret biopesticides as organic farming, although many options of biopesticides are already available. Many botanical pesticides made from extract material herbs or spices are widely available and very popular, such as, galangal, neem and ginger. Since the effectiveness of biopesticides can not reach a hundred percent, it is advised to use them only for preventive purposes. Preparing biopesticides requires certain skills, therefore, farmers need to be supervised to be able to produce biopesticides by themselves. If many farmers already apply biopesticides in farming, the environment will less be polluted by toxic substances for humans. The paper reviews the effectiveness, application, constrains, benefits, and opportunities, as well as its development in Indonesia.
Kriteria Seleksi Penentuan Ketahanan Kedelai terhadap Kutu Kebul Apri Sulistyo
Iptek Tanaman Pangan Vol 11, No 1 (2016): Juni 2016
Publisher : Puslitbang Tanaman Pangan

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Abstract

Whitefly (Bemisia tabaci Genn.) is a leaf-sucking insect and is a major pest on soybean. Nymphs and adults of whitefly are insect stages that cause damage directly or indirectly on the host plant. Chemical control to the pest has not produced satisfactorily results, and even has given a negative impact on the environment, damaging the efficacy of biological agents, and causing resistance to chemical compounds on whitefly. Pest control techniques based on Integrated Pest Management (IPM) is using the resistant varieties. Selection criteria for resistance to pest are needed based on the resistance mechanism and agronomic characteristic of resistant genotypes. Soybean resistant mechanism to whitefly could be through physical antixenosis, such as through the leaf trichomes and leaf thickness. Based on antixenosis mechanism, selection for resistance is done by counting the number of whitefly infestation (eggs, nymphs, pupas, adults) per leaf area. Antibiosis mechanism was selected by observing the life cycle of whitefly, including the duration of the hatching eggs into nymphs, the development of the nymph into pupa, and the adult insect emergence. Selection of resistant soybean based on tolerance mechanisms was done by observing the decrease in grain yield due to whitefly attacks. Soybean breeding to obtain varieties resistant to whiteflies in Indonesia could use the mechanism of tolerance based on leaf damage intensity, as selection criteria.
Pemanfaatan dan Konservasi Keanekaragaman Sumber Daya Genetik Tanaman Pangan di Lahan Pekarangan Sutoro Sutoro
Iptek Tanaman Pangan Vol 12, No 2 (2017): Desember 2017
Publisher : Puslitbang Tanaman Pangan

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Abstract

Traditional food crops have been cultivated in the home garden of rural communities since long times ago. The type of food crops to be grown is influenced by preferences of the owners of home garden, land area, agroclimate, and socio-economic as well as the culture of the local community. Food crops producing carbohydrates and protein grown at the home gardens are functioning to supply the daily needs and as food reserves for longer term. The type and number of crops grown at the home garden vary greatly among farmers and regions, resulting a rich food crop genetic resource reserved. Each individual farmer retains local strains and varieties, derived from previous season and from their ancestors, so it serves as in situ conservation or as the on-farm genetic resources preservation. The diversity of plant genetic resources conserved in the on-farm has shifted considerably, especially in the near urban communities, from traditional food crops to more commercial crops. But in the remote villages, diverse food crop genetic resources are still maintained. The on-farm conservation of food crop genetic resources along with their direct utilization for food by farmers, should be improved of their cultivation, harvesting and processing techniques so that it will increase the added value of the crops. This way, it would facilitate the sustainability of the conservation of food crop genetic resources.

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