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INDONESIA
Buletin Iptek Tanaman Pangan
Published by Kementerian Pertanian
ISSN : -     EISSN : -     DOI : -
Core Subject : Science, Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Computer Science & IT
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Articles 189 Documents
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Rasionalisasi Pola Rotasi Tanaman Pangan Berbasis Ketersediaan Air Abdul Karim Makarim; Ikhwani Ikhwni; Made Jana Mejaya
Iptek Tanaman Pangan Vol 12, No 2 (2017): Desember 2017
Publisher : Puslitbang Tanaman Pangan

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Abstract

Rotation of food crops on farm lands within one cropping year is becoming more important, since the practices could increase the planting and harvesting area of the main crop. Opening new farm lands is prohibitive due to the limited availability of land resources. Crop rotation if rationally applied could overcome drought stress, increased food crop production and farmers’ incomes per year, increased soil fertility, and promoted the production sustainability. Crop rotation would be successful escaping drought stress, if water requirement for the choice of crops and areas of crops in each season during the year was less than the water availability from both rainfall and irrigation. The crop rotation could be optimized by selecting crop varieties which are more drought tolerance and have shorter growing duration, more efficient in using water and have high productivity. Other consideration needs to be taken into account including economic value, sociocultural aspects and in a particular case also includes political and environmental aspect.
Ketahanan Terimbas Tanaman Kacang-kacangan terhadap Penyakit Alfi Inayati
Iptek Tanaman Pangan Vol 11, No 2 (2016): Desember 2016
Publisher : Puslitbang Tanaman Pangan

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Abstract

Legumes have an important role especially as a source of nutrition, important in maintaining soil quality, and as animal feed. Although the production and the needs for legumes continues to rise, the productivity especially at the farm level is still low. This is mainly due to pests and diseases infections and also the soil infertility effects. Yield losses due to pests and diseases is quite high up to 80%. Induced resistance is one effort to control the disease and improve the growth quality of legumes. Various elicitors (biotic and abiotic) and induced mechanisms have been tested and reported to give promising results. Induced resistance was reported to increase the resistance of leguminous plants against pathogen infection such as fungi, bacteria, and viruses that are transmitted through soil, seed-borne, and from the surface of the leaves, such as: Sclerotium rolfsii, Rhizoctonia solani, Fusarium sp, Aspergillus flavus, Cercosporidium personatum, Xanthomonas axonopodis, peanut mottle virus, and soybeant stunt virus. Recently, the use of induced resistance in Indonesia is very limited. The use of Trichoderma sp, non-pathogenic Fusarium, and Pseudomonas fluoroscent as biocontrol agents has been started although in a limited numbers. In the future, induced resistance will become one component that is important in controlling the disease in an integrated pest management.
Pemuliaan Padi Gogo Adaptif pada Lahan Kering Aris Hairmansis; Yullianida Yullianida; Supartopo Supartopo; Suwarno Suwarno
Iptek Tanaman Pangan Vol 11, No 2 (2016): Desember 2016
Publisher : Puslitbang Tanaman Pangan

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Abstract

Upland area in Indonesia has a great potential for rice production. However, only a small portion of the potential upland area has been utilized for rice cultivation with very low productivity. The availability of new technologies in rice management is very important to increase rice production in this marginal area. Improved rice variety is among the most important technologies which has to be introduced to the farmers in upland areas. Upland rice breeding program aims to develop improved rice varieties which are tolerant to diverse abiotic stresses including soil acidity, nutrient deficiency, aluminium toxicity, drought, low light intensity and low temperature. Another important trait in upland rice breeding program is the resistance to blast disease which is the most devastating disease in humid upland area. The increase in genetic diversity of improved rice varieties to blast disease is the key to control the disease. A significant number of improved upland rice varieties have been developed through the breeding program in Indonesian Agency for Agricultural Research and Development. The future challenge in the development of upland rice is the delivery of the high-quality seeds of improved rice varieties to the farmers due to the lack of support from formal seed system in upland areas. Until now upland rice areas are still dominated by traditional varieties and modern varieties which are not developed for upland area but their seeds available in market. Community Based Seed System has been initiated to be implemented in upland area to overcome the problem. Through a strong support from breeding program and proper seed system it is expected the potency of upland rice in Indonesia could be maximized to support the sustainability of rice production in the country.
Mekanisme Respon Tanaman Padi terhadap Cekaman Kekeringan dan Varietas Toleran Sujinah Sujinah; Ali Jamil
Iptek Tanaman Pangan Vol 11, No 1 (2016): Juni 2016
Publisher : Puslitbang Tanaman Pangan

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Abstract

Drought has wide impact on agriculture such as reduced rice productivity and production, impacted on food security and economical stability in the region as well as at national level. Drought stress problem would become more frequent in relation with accelerated global climate changes. Response of rice crop to water stress begins with physiological process disturbance in the plant, such as reducing transpiration rate by means of stomata closure and reducing leaf surface area or leaf rolling. Each action may cause reducing CO2 and O2 gas exchanges to the atmosphere, and reduce solar radiation interception. Both condition may decrease photosynthetic process on the leaves. This physiological responses may affect plant morphology such as reducing canopy size due to decreasing leaf number and leaf area per hill, reducing number of total and productive tillers per hill, delaying flowering and grain maturing. Changes in this crop morphology also have impact on further crop physiological processes. Therefore, there are inter-affects between physiological processes and crop morphology. The changes of the processes and condition cause the changes of crop growth pattern, and finally decrease biomass weight, yield components and grain yield. The degree of declining depending on the drought stress level and also on the rice genotype which have different adaptability and tolerance mechanism to drought stress.
Integrated Disease Control of Rice Blast Yulianto Yulianto
Iptek Tanaman Pangan Vol 12, No 1 (2017): Juni 2017
Publisher : Puslitbang Tanaman Pangan

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Abstract

Blast disease caused by Pyricularia oryzae Cav. fungus, is infecting rice crop in dry lands, and also in the rainfed and irrigated lands. Yield losses due to blast depending on the intensity of the disease. At a high degree of the disease intensity, yield loss reaches up to 90%. Symptoms of the disease often appear on rice leaf (leaf blast) or in the panicle neck (neck blast). Panicle neck blast is more detrimental than leaf blast disease. The fungus has many races which are easily adapting to the environmental conditions. The new races are formed by genetic recombination and by mutation, where the new races usually are more virulence than the old ones. Genetic resistance on a rice variety my be broken, depending on the environmental conditions or planting times. In the highland the disease is very rare and often at low disease intensity. Conversely, blast disease is more prevalence in the lowlands and often with high disease intensity. Blast pathogen survives on weeds and on rice straw which functions as a source of inoculum. Blast disease control using a single component will not be effective, and therefore an integrated control management by applying multiple components is suggested, including: sanitation, removing the diseased plants and weeds acting as alternate host, planting resistant varieties, avoid an excessive use of N fertilizer, less crowded plant spacing, proper irrigation management, varietal rotation, and precise use of fungicide, if ever needed.
Interaksi Bakteri Antagonis dengan Tanaman: Ketahanan Terinduksi pada Tanaman Jagung Nurasiah Djaenuddin
Iptek Tanaman Pangan Vol 11, No 2 (2016): Desember 2016
Publisher : Puslitbang Tanaman Pangan

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Abstract

Biological control against soil-borne pathogens is an option to reduce disease activity by pathogens through one or more resistance mechanisms. In the last two decades, interest in biological control usage against soil borne plant pathogens has increased because this approach can control disease not only solely, but can also be combined with other strategic control. Colonization of plant roots is an important step for soil borne pathogens and beneficial bacteria (bacterial antagonists and rhizobacteria). Colonization patterns indicate that rhizobacteria act as a biocontrol agent or as a growth promoter bacteria formation of microcolonies. Microcolonies are used as the media for bacteria to interact one with another in order to effectively coincide with the root exudates. Elicitation or the process of adding elicitor (chemical compounds) in the plant cell is aimed to induce and enhance the establishment of secondary metabolites, initially shown by Pseudomonas spp. and other gram-negative bacteria. Some strains of the species Bacillus subtilis, B. cereus and B. pumilus elicit significantly the incidence or severity of various diseases in a variety of host plants. Elicitation of systemic induced resistance by these strains is shown in experiments in the greenhouse or in the field on maize, rice, tomatoes, watermelon, and cucumber. Elicitation by Bacillus spp. wasreported to establish induced systemic resistance mechanisms in plants affected by leaf spot fungus and bacteria, viruses, nematodes, damping off and blight disease. With the advancement of this knowledge, one can explore strains of bacterial species efficiently use as advantageous agents in biological control strategy.
Peranan Methylobacterium spp. dalam Meningkatkan dan Mempertahankan Vigor Benih Kedelai Ratri Tri Hapsari; Selly Salma; Eni Widajati; Maryati Sari
Iptek Tanaman Pangan Vol 11, No 1 (2016): Juni 2016
Publisher : Puslitbang Tanaman Pangan

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Abstract

Soybean is considered as a functional food, due to its status as source of protein in Indonesia dietary. The soybean seeds determine the quality of soybean products through a better crop in the farm. Factor limiting the supply of soybean seeds in the tropics is the rapid deterioration of seed germination during storage, thereby reduces the availability of high quality of seed. Seed vigor is divided into two categories, namely the seed growth strength vigor and longevity seed vigor. Seed growth strength vigor indicates the growing strength in a suboptimum condition, while seed longevity vigor is the ability of seed lot to be stored in a suboptimum condition. Seed treatment uses beneficial microbes can protect plants in the nursery stage, and during the plant life cycle. Methylobacterium spp can live in a single-carbon compounds of the plant, such as metanol (CH3OH) or methylamine (CH3NH2) as a carbon source. Methylobacterium spp can produce IAA, GA3 and transzeatin. Methylobacterium spp can produce PQQ and tocopherol, one of the antioxidants that limit the nonenzimatic lipid oxidation during seed storage, germination and early seedling development. Methylobacterium spp can be used to improve the germination of soybean seed through seed inoculation, while maintaining soybean seed longevity can be obtained by coating the seed with Methylobacterium spp.
Perbaikan Ketahanan Tanaman Padi terhadap Penyakit Tungro Ahmad Muliadi; I Nyoman Widiarta
Iptek Tanaman Pangan Vol 12, No 2 (2017): Desember 2017
Publisher : Puslitbang Tanaman Pangan

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Abstract

Tungro is an important rice disease caused by virus which is transmitted by green leafhopper (Nephotettix spp.) in semipersisten way. Resistant variety when available is considered as an effective control technique and is more environmental friendly. Rice breeding program to overcome the disease initially was aimed to produce green leafhopper resistant varieties. But a few years after releasing the resistant variety, it became susceptible because the green leafhopper could easily adapt to resistant varieties. There was an indication that the virus strains vary greatly. Broadening the genetic background of resistant varieties to green leafhopper and tungro viruses could be an alternative to build more durable resistance varieties. Rice breeding activities for resistance to tungro disease were to be continued to obtain more durable tungro resistant lines. Conventional breeding activities was considered justified, including the selection of tungro resistant lines applying pedigree or backcross methods, followed by observation of resistance genotypes to several strains of virus inoculums and to green leafhoppers. Selected resistant lines from the observation nurseries were followed by yield trials. Resistant lines that showed good yielding potential and good agronomic character would be proposed to be named as new tungro resistant varieties or as sources of tungro resistant genes. Varieties or genotypes that had been produced need to be tested for their resistance to green leafhopper colonies and to some virus strains from source of inoculum derived from endemic areas, to obtain resistance genotypes to be assembled as tungro resistant varieties, to be planted in the virus endemic areas.
Soybean as Source of Functional Food Ayda Krisnawati
Iptek Tanaman Pangan Vol 12, No 1 (2017): Juni 2017
Publisher : Puslitbang Tanaman Pangan

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Abstract

Soybean represents an excellent source of high quality protein with a low content of saturated fat and high in dietary fibre. The important of soybean as a functional food is reflected from the physiological content in its grain. The possible use of soybean as functional food in Indonesia is high, since the consumption of soybean and its processed products in the daily diet is stable high, that it seems to reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease. Soybean isoflavones are associated with roles in the prevention and treatment of degenerative organ diseases. The use of improved soybean variety as raw material for soy processed food showed similar quality with those of the imported ones. Therefore, research on the role of soybean as functional food has a strategic status in supporting the achievement of sustainable national food security.
Pembentukan Varietas Padi Sawah Dataran Tinggi Toleran Cekaman Suhu Rendah Gunarsih, Cucu; Nafisah, Nafisah; Sitaresmi, Trias
Iptek Tanaman Pangan Vol 11, No 2 (2016): Desember 2016
Publisher : Puslitbang Tanaman Pangan

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Abstract

Low temperature becomes major constrain for rice production in high elevation. This condition causes losses because of grain filling problem. Sub-species of japonica have a low temperature tolerance, which is better than indica. Indica subspecies are most grown widely in Indonesia. Low temperature tolerance is an important character, because it is one of issue that needs more attention on plant breeding program. Indonesia local varieties with low temperature tolerance are Sarinah, Pulu ‘Mandoti, Pinjan and Lambau. Indonesian Center for Rice Research released a number of varieties tolerant to low temperature (for > 700 m asl) and early maturity, namely Batang Piaman, Inpari 26, Inpari 27 and Inpari 28 Kerinci. Developing irrigated rice varieties for low temperature tolerant by utilizing local varieties, introduction, crossbreeding and biotechnology provides opportunities to obtain low temperature tolerant varieties. In developing improved varieties for high elevation, it is recommended to use genetic materials with good seed vigor, moderate plant height, well exerted panicle, uniformity in flowering, and high fertility. Developing of new varieties tolerant to low temperature through conventional breeding approach requires longer time. However, conventional breeding has an important role in producing tolerant varieties, although physiological mechanism of the tolerance is not much known. Therefore, molecular genetics and biotechnology as more advanced approach are needed for supporting rice breeding program for abiotic stresses.

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