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INDONESIA
Buletin Iptek Tanaman Pangan
Published by Kementerian Pertanian
ISSN : -     EISSN : -     DOI : -
Core Subject : Science, Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Computer Science & IT
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Articles 189 Documents
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Improvement of Type III Resistant Starch on Food Material Using Hydrotermal Method Shinta Dewi Ardhiyanti; Bram Kusbiantoro; Adil Basuki Ahza; Didah Nur Faridah
Iptek Tanaman Pangan Vol 12, No 1 (2017): Juni 2017
Publisher : Puslitbang Tanaman Pangan

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Abstract

Resistant starch (RS) on food can not be degraded by human digestive enzyme, so that it gives positive effect on human health. The RS content can be enhanced by chemical, enzymatic or physical methods. Physical modification method that is frequently used including heating and cooling cycles, heat moisture treatment/HMT and annealing. These methods generally produce RS type III, which is the product of retrogradation. Physical modification process promotes the reorganization of starch crystalline, which elevate the level of RS or even decrease it. The interaction between intrinsic and extrinsic factors during modification process can produce variation of RS contents in a particular food materials. Different RS analyses method can also induce the variation.
Peran Senyawa Metabolit Sekunder Tanaman Padi terhadap Ketahanan Wereng Cokelat (Nilaparvata lugens) Eko Hari Iswanto; R. Heru Praptana; Agus Guswara
Iptek Tanaman Pangan Vol 11, No 2 (2016): Desember 2016
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Abstract

Resistance character to brown planthopper (BPH) is one of the main component of farmers’ interest in rice cultivation, because its utilization is convenient, inexpensive and environmental friendly, and, therefore, the technology is rapidly used by farmers in brown planthopper management. Rice resistance to BPH is related with plant secondary metabolite compounds. Oxalic acid, tricin, schaftoside, isoschaftoside and apigenin-Cglycosides have effect to BPH as deterrence, antifeeding and toxicosis. Concentration of those secondary metaboilite is higher in resistant variety than susceptible variety. Every variety has different component and composition of secondary metabolite. With specific plant secondary metabolite as marker, selection proses could be easier and faster in resistance genotype detection in a breeding program.
Karakter Morfofisiologi dan Agronomi Kedelai Toleran Salinitas Runik Dyah Purwaningrahayu
Iptek Tanaman Pangan Vol 11, No 1 (2016): Juni 2016
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Abstract

Salt tolerant cultivar of soybean is considered more economical to anticipate the spread of land salinity. Increased salinity in agricultural lands occurred in several places in Indonesia, resulted from the contamination of irrigation water, excessive uses of fertilizers, sea water intrusion and drought stress. To breed the salt tolerant soybean cultivars required knowledge of specific morpho-physiological and agronomical characters which can be used as an indicator of soybean genotypes tolerance to salinity stress. Researchers classified soybeans according to their degree of tolerance to salinity stress, namely sensitive, moderate, and tolerance based on plant characters such as: emergency ability, growth and survival rate, the degree of toxicity due to salt, K+, Na+ and Cl- concentration in plant tissues, prolines accumulation, electrolyte leakage rates, water content of plant, plant biomass and seed yield or reduced seed yield. Soybean genotypes which could grow and produce seed in soil with the salinity levels of above 5 dS/m is considered as having potential for the tolerant varieties.
Sistem Perbenihan Formal dan Informal Tanaman Pangan Eman Paturohman; Sumarno Sumarno
Iptek Tanaman Pangan Vol 12, No 2 (2017): Desember 2017
Publisher : Puslitbang Tanaman Pangan

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Abstract

The food crop seed system had evolved in accordance with the progress of the farming development. In subsistence farming, seed supply is an integral part of the farming itself, whereby farmers obtain seed from the crops harvested in the previous season. Commercial intensive farming utilizes good seed quality of improved variety provided by commercial seed companies. When the seed is product and directly used by farmers, it is called an informal seed system, while seed which is produced according to the standard operation, including seed certification, it is called a formal seed system. Food crops production in Indonesia accomodates the informal seed system, especially for the farming on suboptimum lands and for legumes and tuber crops. Informal seed system provides seeds of many local adapted varieties, which are able to form the agrobiodiversities on the farm lands. Conversely, the formal seed system has provided certified seeds of improved varieties and hybrids, which have contributed significantly to the increases of national food production. Informal and formal seed systems both can go along harmoniously in providing seed for Indonesian farmers, because each has certain targeted farmers. Governmental seed program, therefore, should facilitate both the informal and formal seed system. Informal seed system of food crops should be more appreciated rather than being discouraged, because it is complementary to the formal seed system.
Peningkatan Kandungan Metabolit Sekunder Tanaman Aneka Kacang sebagai Respon Cekaman Biotik Sulistiyo Dwi Setyorini; Eriyanto Yusnawan
Iptek Tanaman Pangan Vol 11, No 2 (2016): Desember 2016
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Abstract

Secondary metabolites are not considered as essential compounds for plant growth. The increase of secondary metabolites produced by plants is only expressed in certain situations. These compounds are unique and different for each species. Various types of plants, including legume crops are able to produce secondary metabolites in certain situations. Plants produce secondary metabolites as a defense mechanism to stresses, both biotic and abiotic stresses. Biotic stresses that occur on plants can be caused by pests, diseases or weeds. For human, secondary metabolites can be toxic or beneficial compounds depending on the type of compound formed. Secondary metabolites have been used as a medicine, pesticide and become materials for cosmetic production. Legumes can produce secondary metabolite compounds that act as antioxidant for human, so it is necessary to improve these expression. One of the efforts is the use of elicitors. The combination of the elicitors and time of application can be used to improve the production of plant secondary metabolites.
Strategi Pengendalian Cendawan Fusarium sp. dan Kontaminasi Mikotoksin pada Jagung Soenartiningsih Soenartiningsih; M. Aqil; N. N. Andayani
Iptek Tanaman Pangan Vol 11, No 1 (2016): Juni 2016
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Abstract

Soil borne fungus Fusarium sp., is a major cause of disease in corn, especially during the rainy season, which causes stem rot disease, ear rot and rotten seeds. The disease symptoms include sudden wilting of leaves, drying stem turns brown in color, and if it reached the ear the seeds will decay. Several species of Fusarium fungus could attack maize, namely F. moniliforme (verticillioides), F. oxysporum, F. proliferatum, F. solani, F. equeseti, F. graminearum. Some soil borne fungal mycotoxins produced by Fusarium sp. are toxic to human and animals such as Zearalenon, Fomonisin, Trikotezen (Deoksinivalenol, Toxin T2) and Moniliformen. Strategy to suppress the infection of Fusarium causing the mycotoxin contamination in maize requires actions, beginning from planting till harvest taking into account several stages of crop management, disease management, use of resistant varieties, disease control using chemical and biological fungicide followed by properly handling the harvest and post-harvest materials and emphasizing the avoidance compound of mycotoxins in the grains.
Manfaat Bahan dan Pupuk Organik pada Tanaman Padi di Lahan Sawah Irigasi Suyamto Suyamto
Iptek Tanaman Pangan Vol 12, No 2 (2017): Desember 2017
Publisher : Puslitbang Tanaman Pangan

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Abstract

If there is a negative impact of the implementation of Green Revolution it is an excessive usages of chemical fertilizers and minimum uses of organic fertilizers, practiced by rice’s farmers. The government had supported the use of organic fertilizer by subsidizing the price of organic fertilizer. However, farmers did not interested in applying organic fertilizers, for reason that application of organic fertilizer is more cumbersome and the effect on crop yield is not readily visible, if compared with that of applying chemical fertilizers. The objective of this paper was to review the benefit of organic matter as fertilizer applied on irrigated rice land. It had been known that organic matter play important roles in improving physical, chemical and biological soil fertility, as well as a source of nutrients for crop plants. Those roles would be more significant in dry lands, but it would be less significant in the lowland irrigated rice soils. Soil preparation broke the soil structure, soil permeability and improved water holding capacity. The submerged soil tended to buffer soil pH into neutral, that caused all nutrients became more available for crop. Submerged soil also made soil unaerobic that would slow the rate of organic matter decomposition. It meant that the benefit of organic matter as fertilizer for improving physical, chemical and biological fertility was slow. The benefit of organic matter as fertilizers for rice on submerged soil was as a source of essential macro nutrients. However, the content in the organic fertilizer would not match with the nutrients taken up or removed by the crop. Therefore, applying of only organic fertilizers alone could not meet with the requirement of NPK nutrients for rice, rather it would be more advantageous to combine both organic and chemical fertilizers. The use of matured organic fertilizers with the C/N ratio of <15 was suggested.
Genetic Diversity and Virulences of Tungro Viruses on Rice in Indonesia R. Heru Praptana; I Nyoman Widiarta
Iptek Tanaman Pangan Vol 12, No 1 (2017): Juni 2017
Publisher : Puslitbang Tanaman Pangan

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Abstract

Tungro virus disease is endemic in some rice-producing areas in Indonesia. The disease is caused by two different types of viruses, RTBV and RTSV, both are transmitted by green leafhopper. Genetic diversity and degree of virulences of the tungro viruses occur in the endemic areas of geographically diverse environments. Genetic diversity of the viruses do not correlate with their virulences. The virulence of tungro viruses was determined by specific interaction of the two types of tungro viruses, the vectors of the viruses and the resistance type of varieties. Informations on the genetic diversity and virulence of the tungro viruses from various endemic areas are needed to determine the disease control strategy and to apply more appropriate recommendation of resistant varieties. The information is also useful for disease epidemic monitoring and early detection of the presence of tungro viruses, and to be used as a basis in breeding for tungro virus resistant varieties, using conventional or genetic engineering techniques.
Fusarium pada Tanaman Jagung dan Pengendaliannya dengan Memanfaatkan Mikroba Endofit Suriani Suriani; Amran Muis
Iptek Tanaman Pangan Vol 11, No 2 (2016): Desember 2016
Publisher : Puslitbang Tanaman Pangan

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Abstract

Endophytic microbes reside in the tissue of living plant. They can be isolated from the root, stems and leave of plant. Utilization of endophytic microbes for biological control of plant pathogens has been applied for some times. The ability to compete for space and nutrients and antibiotic production are the two main considerations for the use of endhopytic microbes as biological control to plant pathogens. Several species of endophytic microbes isolated from maize either from the class of fungi, bacteria or actinomycetes include Trichoderma spp., PenIicillium sp., Bacillus spp., dan Altenaria alternata. The microbes have been reported by some researchers to be effectively suppressing the development of pathogens Fusarium spp. which causes stem rot, cobs and grain maize. Endophytic microbes have a good prospect to be developed as maize disease control because they are affordable and environmentally friendly.
Pemanfaatan Paitan (Tithonia diversifolia) sebagai Pupuk Organik pada Tanaman Kedelai Sri Ayu Dwi Lestari
Iptek Tanaman Pangan Vol 11, No 1 (2016): Juni 2016
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Abstract

Paitan is an annual weed which can be used as organic manure for crops. The yield of biomass is about 9-11 t/ha during the dry season and 14-18 t/ha during the rainy season. As a source of N, P, K nutrients for plants, paitan contains 3.50-4.00% N, 0.35-0.38% P, 3.50-4.10% K, 0.59% Ca, and 0.27% Mg. Biomass of paitan can be used as a green manure, mulch, or compost to improve physical and biological soil fertility. The leaves and stems used as organic manure can improve the growth and yield of soybean. Application of paitan biomass before the seed planted, however, may suppress the growth of soybean seed due to its alelopatic effect to seedling. Therefore, application of fresh paitan biomass is suggested after the seeds germinate, at 3-4 weeks after planting.

Page 17 of 19 | Total Record : 189

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