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INDONESIA
Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar
Published by Kementerian Pertanian
ISSN : 23561297     EISSN : 25287222     DOI : -
Core Subject : Science, Agriculture, Engineering,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering
Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar (JTIDP) published by Indonesian Center for Estate Crops Research and Development is a peer-reviewed and open access journal that publishes significant and important research from area of agricultural science on industrial and beverage crops.
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Articles 407 Documents
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PENGARUH TEKNOLOGI FERMENTASI TERHADAP PENINGKATAN KUALITAS BIJI DAN PENDAPATAN PETANI KAKAO Djauhari, Achmad; Hasibuan, Abdul Muis; Rubiyo, Rubiyo
Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar Vol 4, No 3 (2013): Buletin Riset Tanaman Rempah dan Aneka Tanaman Industri
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jtidp.v4n3.2013.p257-264

Abstract

Cacao is a major commodity for farmers in Tabanan regency of Bali and had long been cultivated. The quality and productivity of cacao in Tabanan generally low caused by still using the conventional technology and pests and disease attack. The objectives of this study was to analyze the effect of fermentation technology for increasing the quality of cocoa beans and farmers' income. The observation method involving the Subak Abian Group (25 farmers with a total area of 10 ha) in Mundeh Kauh Village, West Selemadeg, Tabanan District from 2006 until 2009 was used in this study. Result showed that fermentation technology was able to produce a better quality of cocoa beans. Income of farmers who applying fermentation technology was greater than the farmers who did not apply fermentation technology. The application of fermentation technology can significantly improve the financial feasibility.
Konstruksi Pustaka Genom Kakao (Theobroma cacao L.) untuk Sekuensing Genom Total Menggunakan Next Generation Sequencing HiSeq2000 I Made Tasma; Dani Satyawan; Habib Rijzaani; Rubiyo Rubiyo
Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar Vol 3, No 2 (2012): Buletin Riset Tanaman Rempah Dan Aneka Tanaman Industri
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jtidp.v3n2.2012.p99-108

Abstract

Pemuliaan kakao secara konvensional memerlukan waktu panjang (10-15 tahun). Pemanfaatan marka DNA akan memperpendek siklus pemuliaan kakao. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengkonstruksi pustaka genom tiga genotipe kakao yang dapat digunakan untuk sekuensing genom total kakao menggunakan NGS HiSeq2000 dan mendapatkan data resekuen genom total tiga genotipe kakao.  Bahan tanaman terdiri dari tiga klon unggul kakao (ICCR02, ICCR04, dan SUL02) diperoleh dari Balittri, Pakuwon.  DNA genomik diisolasi dari daun muda sebagai bahan konstruksi pustaka genom total. Sekuensing pustaka dilakukan pada mesin HiSeq2000 mengikuti protokol dari Illumina. Pustaka genom yang telah berhasil dikonstruksi berukuran 300 pasang basa (bp) masing-masing dengan konsentrasi 14,70 ng/µL (ICCR02), 15,20 ng/µL (ICCR04), dan 12,90 ng/µL (SUL02). Ukuran dan konsentrasi pustaka genom yang dihasilkan sangat ideal untuk sekuensing menggunakan HiSeq2000. Sekuensing ketiga genom menghasilkan data sekuen 52,9 x 109 bp.  Klaster DNA pustaka genom memiliki nilai Q scores>30 (75,0%) dengan tingkat kesalahan pembacaan basa rendah (1,47%).  Nilai densitas klaster, persen klaster PF, intensitas basa, persen phasing, dan persen prephasing menunjukkan kualitas klaster pustaka genom ketiga genotipe kakao termasuk kategori pustaka ideal. Data sekuen yang dihasilkan juga sangat ideal untuk identifikasi marka SNP genom kakao. Koleksi marka SNP digunakan untuk identifikasi gen pengendali karakter penting kakao dan pemuliaan berbasis marka DNA untuk memperpendek siklus pemuliaan kakao. Genomic Library Construction Of Cocoa (Theobroma Cacao L.) For Whole Genome Sequensing Using A Next Generation Sequencer Hiseq2000Conventional cocoa breeding is slow and takes about 10-15 years to complete a breeding cycle. Applying genomic technology using DNA markers will significantly decrease cocoa breeding cycle. The objectives of this study were to construct cocoa whole genome genomic libraries to be used for resequencing the whole genome of cocoa and obtain whole genome resequence data of three cocoa genotypes. Three Indonesian cocoa genotypes (ICCR02, ICRR04, and SUL02) were used. DNA genomic was isolated from young leaf and used to construct genomic DNA libraries and generate DNA clusters. DNA clusters were sequenced using a HiSeq2000 platform. The whole genome libraries of the cocoa genotypes were successfully constructed. The library size was 300 bp with concentrations of 14.70 ng/µL (ICCR02), 15.20 ng/µL (ICCR04), and 12.90 ng/µL (SUL02), respectively. The genomic library size and concentrations are suitable for sequencing study using the NGS HiSeq2000. Total sequencing output obtained was 52.9 x 109 bp. The genomic library clusters resulted during the sequencing process demonstrated the Q scores > 30 of 75.0% with low error sequencing rate of 1.47%. Cluster densities, percentage of cluster PF, base intensity, and percentage of phasing and prephasing indicated the cluster quality of the genomic libraries is classified as an ideal one to be used for resequencing study using NGS HiSeq2000. The resequence data were ideal for SNP marker discovery. SNP markers are used to identify economically important genes of cocoa and marker-aided cocoa breeding to decrase the cocoa breeding cycle.
Pengaruh Beberapa Jenis Formula Insektisida Nabati untuk Melindungi Buah Kakao dari Serangan Penggerek Funny Soesanthy; Samsudin Samsudin
Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar Vol 1, No 2 (2014): Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jtidp.v1n2.2014.p69-78

Abstract

Penggunaan insektisida sintetik yang terus menerus untuk mengendalikan penggerek buah kakao (PBK) dapat merusak keseimbangan ekosistem di perkebunan kakao. Oleh sebab itu, diperlukan cara pengendalian yang relatif aman bagi manusia dan lingkungan, yaitu menggunakan insektisida nabati. Tujuan penelitian adalah menguji keefektifan formula insektisida nabati berbahan dasar ekstrak daun bandotan-metanol, bawang putih-etanol, dan kemiri sunan untuk melindungi buah kakao dari infestasi PBK. Penelitian dilaksanakan mulai bulan Januari-Desember 2013. Bahan uji yang digunakan adalah bandotan-metanol+serai wangi (BMS), bandotan-metanol+minyak cengkeh (BMC), bandotan-metanol+bawang putih-etanol (BMP), bawang putih-etanol+serai wangi (PES), bawang putih-etanol+minyak cengkeh (PEC), kemiri sunan+bawang putih-etanol (KSP), kemiri sunan+bandotan-metanol (KSB), α-eleostearic acid (kontrol negatif), dan air (kontrol positif). Formula dibuat di Laboratorium Proteksi Tanaman, Balai Penelitian Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar (Balittri) Sukabumi, dan pengujiannya dilakukan di perkebunan kakao PT. Bumiloka Swakarya, Sukabumi. Perlakuan disusun dalam unit-unit percobaan yang masing-masing terdiri dari 16 pohon (4 x 4 pohon) dan diulang tiga kali. Pada setiap plot dipilih 30 buah kakao sehat berukuran 6-10 cm. Konsentrasi formula 5% dan 10% dengan volume larutan 250 ml/pohon disemprotkan ke seluruh permukaan buah dan cabang-cabang horizontal, dengan interval 2 minggu sekali sebanyak 6 kali. Pengamatan dilakukan terhadap tingkat serangan PBK dan kerusakan buah yang dipanen. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa formula KSB (kemiri sunan 25% + bandotan 5%) pada konsentrasi 10 ml/l menghasilkan nilai persentase serangan PBK terendah, sedangkan formula BMP (bandotan 5% + bawang putih 5%) pada konsentrasi 10 ml/l menyebabkan intensitas serangan PBK dan kehilangan hasil terendah.Kata kunci: Insektisida nabati, penggerek buah kakao, formulaThe use of synthetic insecticide continuously to control the cocoa pod borer (CPB) can cause serious damage to the ecosystem balance in the cocoa plantations. Therefore, a control measures that are relatively safe for humans and the environment, such as the use of botanical insecticide are needed. The purpose of the study was to analyze the effectiveness of plant-based insecticide from leaves goat weed-methanol and garlic-ethanol extract, and phillipine tung oil formula to protect cocoa pods from CPB infestation. The study was conducted from January to December 2013. The test materials used were goat weed-methanol+citronella (BMS), goat weed-methanol+clove oil (BMC), goat weed-methanol+garlic-ethanol (BMP), garlic-ethanol+citronella (PES), garlic-ethanol+clove oil (PEC), phillipine tung oil+garlic-ethanol (KSP), phillipine tung oil+goat weed-methanol (KSB), α-eleostearic acid (negative control), and water (positive control). All of the formulas were made in the Plant Protection Laboratory, Indonesian Industrial and Beverages Crops Research Institute (IIBCRI) Sukabumi, whereas the field testing was conducted in cocoa plantations of PT Bumiloka Swakarya, Sukabumi. Each experimental plot consisted of a 4x4 trees, repeated 3 times. In each plot selected 30 healthy cocoa pods measuring 6-10 cm in length. Distance between plots was 2 arrays of trees. Formulas concentration were 5% and 10%, which then sprayed onto the entire surface of the pods and horizontal branches using a knapsack sprayer, 6 times at intervals of 2 weeks. Solution volume was 250 ml / tree. Observations were made on the level of CPB infestation and pod damage harvested. The results showed that the lowest percentage of CPB infestation was on KSB 10 (philippine tung oil 25% + goat weed 5%), whereas the lowest percentage of intensity and yields loss were on BMP 10 (goat weed 5% + garlic 5%).
Analisis Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Adopsi Benih Unggul Kopi di Lampung Dewi Listyati; Bedy Sudjarmoko; Abdul Muis Hasibuan
Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar Vol 4, No 2 (2013): Buletin Riset Tanaman Rempah dan Aneka Tanaman Industri
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jtidp.v4n2.2013.p165-174

Abstract

Pengembangan kopi (Coffea sp.) di Indonesia sebagian besar merupakan perkebunan rakyat. Produktivitasnya masih rendah karena umumnya tidak menggunakan benih unggul, sedangkan benih unggul memiliki peranan penting dalam mencapai keberhasilan usahatani kopi. Penelitian bertujuan mengetahui faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi pertimbangan petani dalam mengadopsi benih unggul kopi. Penelitian dilakukan secara survey di Provinsi Lampung pada bulan September-Oktober 2012. Analisis data dilakukan secara deskriptif serta menggunakan Structural Equation Model (SEM). Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa adopsi benih unggul kopi oleh petani dipengaruhi secara langsung oleh persepsi petani terhadap benih dan ketersediaan benih unggul. Kedua variabel ini memberikan pengaruh yang positif terhadap adopsi benih unggul kopi. Beberapa indikator yang merefleksikan persepsi petani terhadap benih unggul kopi, yaitu produktivitas, ketahanan terhadap hama dan penyakit, umur panen, umur produktif, efisiensi penggunaan pupuk, kemudahan dalam pemeliharaan, dan kualitas benih. Sedangkan faktor eksternal dan karakteristik petani memberikan pengaruh tidak langsung terhadap adopsi teknologi melalui persepsi terhadap benih dan ketersediaan benih.Kata Kunci: Coffea sp., adopsi, benih unggul, persepsiCoffee (Coffea sp.) development in Indonesia are mostly in smallholders plantation. Their productivity are still low due to generally not using the superior seeds, while superior seeds have an important role in achieving the success of coffee farming. The objective of this research was to determine the factors that affected farmers to adopt coffee superior seeds. This research was conducted in survey methods in Lampung Province from September to October 2012. Data were analyzed using descriptive and Structural Equation Model (SEM). Results showed that the adoption of superior seeds by farmers were affected directly by perception on seeds and availability of superior seeds. Both of these variables have a positive effect to increase adoption. Several indicators that reflect the farmers percepetion on coffee superior seeds were productivity, resistance to pests and diseases, harvesting age, productive age, fertilizer use efficiency, ease of cultivation, and seeds quality. The external factor and farmer characteristics are affect indirectly on adoption through perception and availability of seeds.
Potensi Lecanicillium lecanii untuk Pengendalian Helopeltis antonii pada Tanaman Teh Gusti Indriati; Samsudin Samsudin; Widi Amaria
Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar Vol 2, No 2 (2015): Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jtidp.v2n2.2015.p99-106

Abstract

Lecanicillium lecanii is an entomopathogenic fungus that potential to control tea mosquito bug Helopeltis antonii. The research aimed to determine the potential of L. lecanii in controlling H. antonii in tea plant. The research was conducted at the Laboratory of Plant Protection, Indonesian Industrial and Beverages Crops Research Institute (IIBCRI) Sukabumi, from January to October 2014. The study consisted of infectivity and antifeedancy of L. lecanii on H. antonii nymph, as well as its in vitro compatibility with botanical insecticide, using completely randomized design (CRD). The infectivity and antifeedancy tests of L. lecanii on H. antonii nymph were carried out using 4 densities: 106, 107, 108, 109 conidia/ml, and control. Each treatment of infectivity test was repeated 4 times with observed variables were mortality and development of nymphs. Meanwhile, antifeedancy test was repeated 10 times with the observed variable was percentage of feeding reduction. The in vitro compatibility test of L. lecanii was done by using Piper retrofractum (PR), Tephrosia vogelii (TV) and Annona squamosa (AS) powder with the concentration of 2.5%, 5.0%, 7.5%, respectively and control, which repeated 4 times. The results showed that L. lecanii capable to infect and kill H. antonii nymph at about 65% in laboratory and reduce feeding about 83.04%. Addition of A. squamosa and T. vogelii powder at 2.5%–7.5% concentration were not significantly affecting the growth of L. lecanii colonies on PDA media. On the other hand, addition of P. retrofractum powder with the same concentration was considerably inhibiting the growth of L. lecanii. This result demonstrates that A. squamosa and T. vogelii powder are compatible with L. lecanii. 
Potensi Bakteri Kitinolitik untuk Pengendalian Penyakit Busuk Pangkal Batang Lada ( Phytophthora capsici) Rita Harni; Widi Amaria
Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar Vol 3, No 1 (2012): Buletin Riset Tanaman Rempah Dan Aneka Tanaman Industri
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jtidp.v3n1.2012.p7-12

Abstract

Salah satu kendala dalam peningkatan produktivitas lada adalah adanya serangan penyakit busuk pangkal batang  yang disebabkan oleh Phytophthora capsici, akibat infeksi patogen ini dapat menurunkan hasil lada 10-15% setiap tahunnya. Penelitian potensi bakteri kitinolitik untuk mengendalikan penyakit busuk pangkal batang lada telah dilakukan di Laboratorium dan Rumah Kaca Kelompok Peneliti Proteksi Tanaman Balai Penelitian Tanaman Rempah dan Aneka Tanaman Industri dari bulan Juni-November 2011. Bakteri kitinolitik yang digunakan merupakan isolat terbaik hasil seleksi bakteri kitinolitik di laboratorium. Isolat diisolasi dari beberapa tanaman yaitu lada, bintaro dan kelapa sawit. Isolat yang digunakan adalah: LP4, BP2, LB12, LB19, LB20, LB31, LL5, LL18, dan E10. Sebagai pembanding digunakan isolat bakteri kitinolitik TT2 yang sudah teruji keefektifannya. Penelitian terdiri dari 3  kegiatan yaitu (1) Analisis ekspresi kitinase, (2) Uji Antagonis bakteri kitinolitik terhadap P. capsici in vitro, dan (3) Pengujian isolat bakteri kitinolitik  terhadap P. capsici pada tanaman lada di rumah  kaca. Hasil penelitian diperoleh 4 isolat dengan aktivitas kitinase tinggi yaitu BP2, LB19, LL5, dan LL18, sedangkan 6 isolat lainnya mempunyai aktivitas kitinase rendah sampai sedang. Kemampuan antagonis ke-10 isolat bakteri kitinolitik terhadap P. capsici memperlihatkan daya antagonis yang sama yaitu 64,4-85,6%, tetapi pengaruhnya terhadap P. capsici di rumah kaca diperoleh 3 isolat  (E10, BP2, LP4) yang potensial menekan penyakit BPB lada dengan intensitas serangan 34,33-43,97%, sedangkan pada kontrol 73,37%. Beberapa isolat bakteri kitinase dapat meningkatkan pertumbuhan tanaman lada di banding dengan kontrol. Potential of chytinolytic bacteria to control Phytophthora capsici (foot rot disease) on black pepperABSTRACTOne of many problems in increasing productivity of black pepper is foot rot disease caused by Phytophthora capsici. This pathogen infection may reduce 10-15% of yields each year. A study on potential chitinolytic bacteria to control foot rot disease of black pepper was carried out at Laboratory and Greenhouse of Plant Protection, Indonesian Research Institute for Spice and Industrial Crops, from June to November 2011. Chitinolytic bacterial isolates used is the best ones of some selected chitinolytic bacteria. The isolates were isolated from different plants, namely black pepper, bintaro and palm oil. In these experiments isolates used were LP4, BP2, LB12, LB19, LB20, LB31, LL5, LL18, and E10, while its control was chitinolytic bacterial isolate TT2, an isolate having high effectiveness. The study consist of three activities: (1) Analysis of chitinase expression, (2) Test antagonists of chitinolytic bacteria against P. capsici in vitro (3) Testing of chitinolytic bacteria isolates against P. capsici on black pepper in greenhouse. Results have identified 4 isolates (BP2, LB19, LL5, and LL18) having high in chitinase expression, whereas six other isolates have low to medium in chitinase expression. Antagonistic ability against P. capsici from all isolates (10 isolates) showed the same inhibitory ranging from 64.4 to 85.6%, but its effect against P. capsici at greenhouse was obtained 3 isolates (E10, BP2, LP4) which have suppressive potential to foot rot disease of black pepper with attacks intensity of 34.33 to 43.97% level, while that of control was 73.37%. The ten isolates also increased better growth of black pepper compared with the control.
KARAKTER POHON INDUK JAMBU METE MUNA SEBAGAI CALON VARIETAS Ilham Nur Ardhi Wicaksono; Gusti Indriati; Mohamad Hadad EA
Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar Vol 2, No 2 (2011): Buletin Riset Tanaman Rempah Dan Aneka Tanaman Industri
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

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Abstract

Penelitian karakter pohon induk jambu mete Muna telah dilaksanakan di 2 blok terpilih di Kabupaten Muna. Bahan tanaman yang digunakan adalah pohon-pohon terpilih sebagai calon pohon induk di dua block penghasil tinggi (BPT). Metode yang digunakan adalah observasi masing-masing 10 pohon induk terpilih. Pengamatan meliputi karakter vegetatif dan generatif. Hasil penelitian karakter vegetatif menunjukkan bahwa bentuk mahkota setengah bola, lingkar batang cukup besar (± 2 meter), panjang dan lebar daun relatif sama, tinggi pohon dan panjang kanopi menunjukkan aksesi La Ode Kase lebih tinggi dari La Ode Gani 1. Jumlah tunas tergolong tinggi dimana dari tunas ini akan keluar tangkai bunga/buah sehingga peluang untuk berproduksi optimal cukup tinggi. Tingkat persentase bunga hermaprodit dan jumlah buah pertangkai bobot 100 gelondong cukup besar berkisar 1000 gram (per butir rata-rata sekitar 10 gram), kandungan bobot 100 kacang relatif sama yaitu 231 dan 244 gram. Berdasarkan keunggulan tersebut jambu mete Muna layak diajukan untuk pelepasan varietas.Characteristics of mother trees of Muna cashew as variety candidateABSTRACTStudy of parent characteristics of Muna cashew was conducted in two selected blocks in the District of Muna. Plant materials used were 10 selected parent candidates resulted from observation method in two selected blocks. Characters observed were at generative and vegetative stages. The result showed that the crown shape in two blocks were both form a half ball, trunk size was quite large (around 2 meters), leaf length and leaf width were relatively similar, plant height and the length of canopy of La Ode Kase accession were higher than La Ode Gani 1. Fruit yield from each stalk is also quite high. Percentage of hermaphrodite flowers from the two blocks were high. Weight of 100 nuts was relatively high, over 100 grams (with average 10 g/nut). Weight of 100 kernel were relatively the same i.e. 231 and 244 g.  As by product of cashew industry, CNSL (cashew nut shell liquid) financially promising for its high price in international market. Based on those qualities, cashew from Muna accession is eligible to be proposed for a new variety.
Efisiensi Produksi Kakao Fermentasi pada Perkebunan Rakyat di Bali dengan Pendekatan Stochastic Frontier Jemmy Rinaldi; Anna Fariyanti; Siti Jahroh
Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar Vol 4, No 1 (2013): Buletin Riset Tanaman Rempah dan Aneka Tanaman Industri
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jtidp.v4n1.2013.p81-90

Abstract

Kabupaten Tabanan adalah sentra produksi kakao di Bali yang sebagian besar adalah perkebunan rakyat dengan produktivitas kakaoyang dihasilkan semakin rendah. Daerah ini juga pernah menerapkan proses fermentasi biji kakao dengan harapan dapat meningkatkanpendapatannya, tetapi teknologi tersebut mulai ditinggalkan oleh petani. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah: (1) menganalisis faktorfaktoryang mempengaruhi produksi biji kakao di Bali, (2) menganalisis efisiensi produksi biji kakao yang dihasilkan petani di Balidengan menerapkan teknologi fermentasi, dan (3) menganalisis pendapatan usahatani kakao dengan menerapkan teknologi fermentasipada perkebunan rakyat di Bali. Jenis data yang dikumpulkan adalah data primer yang diperoleh dengan metode survei menggunakankuesioner. Responden dalam kajian ini sebanyak 100 orang petani kakao yang terbagi menjadi 40 orang petani kakao yang tidakmelakukan fermentasi dan 60 orang yang melakukan fermentasi. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis dengan pendekatan stochastic frontiermenggunakan alat analisis front 4.1. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa faktor yang berpengaruh positif terhadap peningkatanproduksi kakao adalah tenaga kerja, pestisida dan luas lahan, sedangkan faktor yang berpengaruh negatif adalah umur tanaman.Produksi kakao di tingkat perkebunan rakyat telah efisien dilakukan, tetapi proses pengolahan biji kakao dengan teknologi fermentasimemiliki tingkat efisiensi yang lebih kecil dibandingkan tidak difermentasi. Tingkat pendapatan usahatani kakao per hektar per tahundengan menerapkan teknologi fermentasi Rp. 5.014.877,44 lebih besar dibandingkan tidak menerapkan teknologi fermentasi, yaituRp. 4.654.809,24. Penerapan teknologi fermentasi pada proses pengolahan biji kakao dapat meningkatkan pendapatan petani.Kata Kunci: Kakao, efisiensi produksi, stochastic frontier, teknologi fermentasiTabanan District is a cocoa production center in Bali by which the crops are mostly grown in small-scale and low in productivity as well. In this areafarmers had implemented fermentation process of cocoa beans to increase their income, although the technology was left. The objectives of this studywere: (1) to analyze the factors affecting the production of cocoa beans in Bali, and (2) to analyze efficiency of cocoa production by farmers in Bali,and (3) to analyze cocoa farm income for the farmers having implemented the fermentation technology. A questionnaire survey was conducted for 100cocoa farmers consisting of 60 farmers having implemented the fermentation technology and 40 farmers did not. Front 4.1 analysis was employed inorder to estimate the stochastic frontier production. The results showed that factors like labor, pesticides and land area had positive correlation inincreasing of cocoa production. In contrast, plant age had the negative correlation. In general small-scale cocoa farmers were efficient. In addition,the farmers who implemented the fermentation technology seemed to be less efficient compared to farmers who did not implement the technology.However, the farmers who implemented the fermentation technology seemed to have higher income of Rp. 5.014.877,44 being high compared tothose who did not implement the technology of Rp 4.654.809,24. The implementation of fermentation technology in cocoa beans could increasefarmers’ income.
DAMPAK PERUBAHAN IKLIM TERHADAP PRODUKSI JAMBU METE DAN UPAYA PENANGGULANGANNYA Handi Supriadi; Nana Heryana
Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar Vol 2, No 2 (2011): Buletin Riset Tanaman Rempah Dan Aneka Tanaman Industri
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

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Abstract

Climate change occurs due to the increasing content of greenhouse gases (GHGs)  in the air, mostly resulting from the rapidly growing industrialization. As a result of climate change causes: (1) the earth's temperature increased, (2) extreme climate events (climatic anomalies) increased, as events Enso (El-Nino that caused drought and La-Nina causes floods), (3) a decrease and an increase air temperature extremes, (4) changes in rainfall patterns and (5) rise in sea levels and rob. The climate change was significant effect on the reducing of cashew nut production. The rain that fell throughout the year in 2010 resulted in cashew production fell drastically, as in Wonogiri, Central Java (48.75 to 50.85%) and Muna, Southeast Sulawesi (93.63%). The impacts of climate change can be reduction  through the anticipation, adaption and mitigation. Anticipation performed by conducting assessment of agricultural resources, improvement of agricultural structure and infrastructure, imfrovement of  farming system and agribusiness, and management of socio-economi and cultural.  Technologi adaptation was done through the development of varieties tolerant to climate change and  the use of water saving technologies.  While migitation technology that can be applied are: planting cashew, cashew waste utilization, land management and use of organic fertilizers.
Pengaruh Jenis Tanaman Penaung terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Persentase Tanaman Berbuah pada Kopi Arabika Varietas Kartika 1 Iing Sobari; Sakiroh Sakiroh; Eko Heri Purwanto
Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar Vol 3, No 3 (2012): Buletin Riset Tanaman Rempah Dan Aneka Tanaman Industri
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jtidp.v3n3.2012.p217-222

Abstract

Salah satu faktor yang mempengaruhi pertumbuhan dan produksi kopi adalah intensitas cahaya. Intensitas cahaya berhubungan dengan jenis naungan yang digunakan. Tujuan penelitian adalah mengevaluasi pengaruh berbagai jenis tanaman penaung terhadap pertumbuhan dan produksi kopi Arabika. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Kebun Percobaan (KP) Pakuwon, Balai Penelitian Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar Sukabumi dari bulan Februari sampai dengan Desember 2011. Rancangan penelitian yang digunakan adalah acak lengkap dengan 6 ulangan. Perlakuan yang diuji adalah jenis pohon penaung, yaitu: (1) ceremai, (2) belimbing wuluh, (3) kayumanis, dan (4) gliricidia. Pengamatan dilakukan  terhadap parameter tinggi tanaman, jumlah buku cabang primer, jumlah cabang primer, diameter batang, diameter tajuk, jarak antar cabang, dan persentase tanaman berbuah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa gliricidia merupakan jenis tanaman penaung yang cocok bagi pertumbuhan dan persentase pembuahan tanaman kopi Arabika varietas Kartika 1 di KP Pakuwon.  Effect of Various of Shading Plant on Growth And Percentage Of Fruiting of Arabica Coffee Variety Kartika 1 ABSTRACT One of many factors that affects to growth and yields of coffee is light intensity. Light intensity will vary with type of shading trees used. The objective of this study was to find out a suitable shading trees for coffea growth and production . The study was carried at The Indonesian Research Institute for Industrial and Beverages Crops (IRIIBC), Sukabumi from Pebruary until December 2011. A randomized complete design with six replications was used in this study. Planting material used in this study was Arabica Coffee (var. Kartika 1) grown under 4 different shading trees tested for their suitability for coffe growing. The shading trees of coffee examined were: (1) Otaheite gooseberry, (2) Bilimbi, (3) Cassiavera, and (4) Gliricidia. Observations made were plant height, number of primary branches internodes, primary branch number, stem diameter, canopy diameter, distance between branches, and percentage of fruiting set. Result showed that Gliricidia was the most suitable of shading trees for growth and fruiting set of arabica coffea variety Kartika 1. Keywords :

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