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INDONESIA
Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar
Published by Kementerian Pertanian
ISSN : 23561297     EISSN : 25287222     DOI : -
Core Subject : Science, Agriculture, Engineering,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering
Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar (JTIDP) published by Indonesian Center for Estate Crops Research and Development is a peer-reviewed and open access journal that publishes significant and important research from area of agricultural science on industrial and beverage crops.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 407 Documents
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Akuisisi Spektrum Near Infrared Reflectance pada Biji Kakao Zulfahrizal Zulfahrizal; Sutrisno Sutrisno; Kudang B. Seminar; Agus A. Munawar
Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar Vol 4, No 1 (2013): Buletin Riset Tanaman Rempah dan Aneka Tanaman Industri
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jtidp.v4n1.2013.p1-10

Abstract

Akuisisi spektrum Near Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy (NIRS) untuk produk olahan kakao telah banyak dilakukan dalam berbagai penelitian namun untuk biji kakao utuh masih belum dilakukan. Tujuan yang ingin dicapai dalam penelitian ini adalah mengembangkan teknik akuisisi spektrum NIRS untuk mendeteksi tingkat fermentasi biji kakao dan menentukan selang panjang gelombang yang mengandung informasi kualitas biji kakao secara nondestruktif. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Pusat Penelitian Kopi dan Kakao Indonesia, Jember-Indonesia dan Georg August University of Göttingen di Göttingen-Jerman pada Juli 2012 sampai Februari 2013. Penelitian menggunakan Multiplicative Scatter Correction (MSC) dan Standard Normal Variate (SNV), Savitzky-Golay smoothing (SGs) dan derivative pertama (D1), derivative kedua (D2) sebagai metode koreksi spektrum dan Principal Component Analysis (PCA) sebagai metode pengolah data spektrum. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa akuisisi spektrum NIRS pada biji kakao tumpukan mampu menggantikan akuisisi NIRS pada biji kakao individu. NIRS juga diketahui mampu membedakan tingkat fermentasi pada biji dan bubuk kakao. Melalui studi ini ditemukan juga selang panjang gelombang yang dapat mengidentifikasikan kualitas kakao sehingga dapat digunakan untuk penelitian selanjutnya dalam pengembangan model identifikasi kualitas kakao.Kata Kunci: Biji kakao, NIRS, metode nondestruktifNear Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy (NIRS) spectra acquisition for processed cocoa products has been widely applied in various studies. The application of this method for whole intact cocoa beans is however scarce. The objectives of this research were to develop a spectral acquisition technique of NIRS to detect fermentation level of cocoa beans and determine the wavelength range interval containing cocoa bean quality information nondestructively. This research was performed in Indonesian Coffee and Cocoa Research Institute, Jember-Indonesia for fermentation treatment and Georg-August University of Göttingen, Germany for spectra acquisition. These were conducted from July 2012 to February 2013. Multiplicative Scatter Correction (MSC), Standard Normal variate (SNV), Savitzky-Golay Smoothing (SGS) and spectra transformation into its first and second derivative (D1 and D2 respectively) were used as spectral pre-processing method whilst principal component analysis (PCA) was applied as a method of data processing. The results showed that NIRS spectrum acquisition on bulk of cocoa beans could replace NIRS acquisition on the individual beans. NIRS is able to distinguish the fermentation stages both in cocoa beans and cocoa powder. The study also found several NIR wavelength range interval associated with cocoa quality so that it can be used for further studies to develop cocoa quality attributes prediction models.
Pemanfaatan Mikroba Rizosfer untuk Meningkatkan Pertumbuhan dan Serapan Hara pada Tanaman Lada Maman Herman; Kurnia Dewi Sasmita; Dibyo Pranowo
Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar Vol 3, No 2 (2012): Buletin Riset Tanaman Rempah Dan Aneka Tanaman Industri
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jtidp.v3n2.2012.p143-150

Abstract

Lada (Piper nigrum L.) merupakan tanaman yang penyerapan haranya tinggi dan sebagian besar ditanam di lahan marginal sehingga memerlukan jumlah pupuk yang relatif tinggi. Oleh karena itu, perlu upaya untuk meningkatkan efisiensi pemupukan pada lada, salah satunya dengan menggunakan pupuk hayati yang mengandung mikroba penambat N2 dan pelarut hara P. Penelitian ini bertujuan mempelajari pengaruh mikroba rizosfer indigenous terhadap pertumbuhan dan serapan hara N, P, dan K pada tanaman lada. Rancangan yang digunakan adalah rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) dengan 8 perlakuan dan 3 ulangan. Perlakuan yang dicoba adalah: K0) tanpa inokulum dan tanpa pupuk (Kontrol), K1) tanpa inokulum + 50% pupuk, K2) tanpa inokulum + 100% pupuk, H1) inokulum Azotobacter (PN LCNa) + 50% pupuk, H2) inokulum Azotobacter (PN LCNb) + 50% pupuk, H3) inokulum Penicillium (PF LSK 1b) + 50% pupuk, H4) inokulum bakteri pelarut fosfat (PF LSK 1a) + 50% pupuk, dan H5) mikoriza + 50% pupuk. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan mikroba penambat N2 (isolat PN LCNa dan PN LCNb) dan pelarut P (isolat PF LSK 1b dan PF LSK 1a) yang masing-masing disertai dengan pemberian pupuk NPK 50% dari dosis anjuran memberikan pertumbuhan tinggi tanaman dan  cabang tanaman lada yang cukup baik. Keempat inokulum tersebut dapat meningkatkan secara nyata bobot segar dan kering tajuk, serta serapan hara N, P dan K oleh tanaman lada dibandingkan perlakuan tanpa inokulum yang dipupuk dengan NPK dosis penuh (100%).  The Use of Rhizosphere Microbes to Improve The Growth and Nutrient Uptake of Black Pepper (Piper Nigrum L.) ABSTRACT Black pepper (Piper nigrum L.) belongs to plants which have high in nutrient uptake. If the plant is grown on marginal lands it will requires a relatively high amount of fertilizer that should be added. Therefore, it needs an effort to improve their efficiency on growing of the crop. The use of bio-fertilizer containing N fixing bacteria and P solubilizing microbes is expected be able to minimize the use of inorganic fertilizers. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of several indigenous rhizosphere microbes on the growth and nutrient uptake of N, P, and K in black pepper. A Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with eight treatments and three reflications was used in this study. The treatments exemined were:  K0) without inoculum and without fertilizer (control), K1) without inoculum + 50% fertilizer, K2) without inoculum + 100% fertilizer, H1) inoculum of Azotobacter (PN LCNa) + 50% fertilizer, H2) inoculum of Azotobacter (PN LCNb) + 50% fertilizer, H3) inoculum of Penicillium (PF LSK 1b) + 50% fertilizer, H4) inoculum of phosphate solubilizinng microbe (PF LSK 1a) + 50% fertilizer, dan H5) mycorrhiza + 50% fertilizer. The results showed that application of N fixing microbes (isolate PN LCNa dan PN LCNb) and P solubilizing microbes (isolate PN LCNa dan PN LCNb) combined with 50% of added fertilizers were able to give better growth of black pepper, particularly in plant height and number of branches. Moreover, application of N fixing and P solubilizing microbes also increased significantly in dry and fresh weight of the shoot and nutrient uptake of N, P, and K compared with without inoculum combined with 100% added NPK fertilizer.
Hubungan Antar Karakter Vegetatif, Komponen Hasil, dan Daya Hasil Kopi Robusta Asal Sambung Tunas Plagiotrop Enny Randriani; Dani Dani; Cici Tresniawati; Syafaruddin Syafaruddin
Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar Vol 1, No 2 (2014): Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jtidp.v1n2.2014.p109-116

Abstract

Seleksi klon unggul kopi Robusta (Coffea canephora) biasanya memerlukan waktu yang lama sehingga diperlukan pendekatan-pendekatan yang mampu mempersingkat waktu. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menganalisis korelasi antar karakter vegetatif, komponen hasil, dan daya hasil kopi Robusta hasil sambung tunas plagiotrop. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Desa Suka Rami, Kecamatan Bermani Ulu, Kabupaten Curup, Bengkulu dari bulan Januari sampai Desember 2012. Delapan karakter vegetatif, 13 karakter komponen hasil, dan dua karakter daya hasil diamati pada pertanaman kopi Robusta hasil sambung tunas plagiotrop umur tiga tahun. Korelasi antar karakter dan analisis faktor dilakukan menggunakan SPSS 11.5 for Windows. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa karakter daya hasil (produksi buah dan produksi biji beras per pohon) kopi Robusta yang diperbanyak melalui sambung tunas plagiotrop memiliki hubungan yang positif secara kuat dengan lima karakter lainnya, yaitu jumlah cabang sekunder, bobot 100 buah, panjang biji gabah, panjang biji beras, dan bobot 100 biji beras. Oleh sebab itu, kelima karakter tersebut dapat dijadikan sebagai kriteria seleksi positif untuk produktivitas tinggi kopi Robusta yang dikembangkan melalui sambung tunas plagiotrop.Kata kunci: Coffea canephora, seleksi klon, sambung pucuk, tunas plagiotropSelection of Robusta (Coffea canephora) elite clones usually takes a long time, therefore an effective approach is needed to shorten the time. The objective of this study was to analyze the correlation between the vegetative characters, yield and yield components of Robusta coffee derived from plagiotroph bud grafting. The research was conducted in the Suka Rami village, District of Bermani Ulu, Curup, Bengkulu Province from January to December 2012. Eight vegetative characters, 13 characters of yield components, and two yield characters were observed at three years old Robusta coffee plantation which derived from plagiotroph bud grafting. The correlation between the characters and factor analysis performed using SPSS 11.5 for Windows. The analysis showed that the character of the number of secondary branches, weight of 100 coffee fruits, long grain bean, long grain rice, and weight of 100 grains of bean showed a very strong positive correlation with yield characters. Thus, these five characters can be used as selection criteria to obtain superior genotypes of Robusta coffee that developed through plagiotroph bud grafting.
PENGARUH TANAMAN SELA TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN TANAMAN KARET MUDA PADA SISTEM PENEBANGAN BERTAHAP Yulius Ferry; Dibyo Pranowo; Rusli Rusli
Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar Vol 4, No 3 (2013): Buletin Riset Tanaman Rempah dan Aneka Tanaman Industri
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jtidp.v4n3.2013.p225-230

Abstract

The gradual rejuvenation in rubber plantation (Hevea brasiliensis) is one alternative of rejuvenation model that able to be carried out by farmers. Hypotetically, the difference in logging percentage can effect on the growth of young rubber plant and intercrops. The objectives of this research was to investigate the effect of intercrops (corn and peanuts) on the growth of young rubber plant in gradual logging system. The research has been carried out in smallholders rubber plantation in Way Kanan, North Lampung, from January to December 2012. The study was designed by split plot design with 3 replications. The main plot are the logging percentage, (P1) 30%, (P2) 50%, (P3) 70%, and (P4) 100%, and the subplot are the kind of intercrops: corn and peanuts. The results showed that corn as intercrop in logging percentage of 30%, 50%, and 70% did not effect on the stem diameter of young rubber, but if peanut as intercrops can inhibit the growth of stem diameter of young rubber. The logging percentage of 70% did not effect on the growth and yield of corn and peanut as intercrops.
Pengaruh Formula Bionematisida Bakteri Endofit Bacillus sp. terhadap Infeksi Nematoda Meloidogyne sp. pada Tanaman Kopi Rita Harni; Samsudin Samsudin
Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar Vol 2, No 3 (2015): Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jtidp.v2n3.2015.p143-150

Abstract

Meloidogyne sp. is an important pathogen of coffee plant.  Bacillus sp. is commonly used to control the nematode as it is environmentally friendly. The study aimed to determine the effect of endophytic bacteria Bacillus sp. PG76 formulated in the molasses, talc or compost on the infection of Meloidogyne sp. The experiments were conducted in the laboratory and greenhouse of the Indonesian Industrial and Beverage Crops Research Institute, Sukabumi from December 2013 to May 2014. The experimental design was a completely randomized, 6 treatments and 10 replications of six months-old coffee plants. Six treatments were tested (Bacillus sp. PG76 formulated in molasses, compost, or talc; carbofuran; plant inoculated with the nematode only, and plant neither treated with the formula nor the nematode).  Population of Bacillus sp. PG76 in each formula was 109 cfu/ml. Number of formulas applied per plant was 100 ml of molasses, 100 g of talc, or 100 g of compost.  One week after the treatments, the plants were inoculated with 500 larvae-2 Meloidogyne sp. Parameters observed were the number of gall, nematode population in the roots and soil, and the coffee plant growth.  The results showed that all the treatments (molasses, compost, and talc) suppressed the population of Meloidogyne sp.  The best formulas were molasses and compost that reduced the nematode infection up to 74.0% and 73.2%, respectively, similar to that of carbofuran (i.e. 73.3%). Furthermore, application of the formulas increased coffee plant growth. The study suggests that Bacillus sp. PG76 formulation is prospective to control the nematode. 
Analisis Kinerja dan Daya Saing Perdagangan Biji Kakao dan Produk Kakao Olahan Indonesia di Pasar Internasional Abdul Muis Hasibuan; Rita Nurmalina; Agus Wahyudi
Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar Vol 3, No 1 (2012): Buletin Riset Tanaman Rempah Dan Aneka Tanaman Industri
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jtidp.v3n1.2012.p57-70

Abstract

Kakao merupakan komoditas yang sangat penting bagi Indonesia sebagai salah satu negara eksportir utama kakao  dalam perdagangan internasional. Pasar kakao dunia masih memiliki potensi sangat tinggi, yang ditunjukkan oleh peningkatan konsumsi sehingga Indonesia diharapkan mampu meraih peluang pasar yang ada. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis kinerja dan daya saing perdagangan biji kakao dan produk-produk kakao olahan Indonesia di pasar internasional. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah data sekunder. Untuk mengukur daya saing produk kakao Indonesia menggunakan Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA), Indeks Spesialisasi Perdagangan (ISP), Export Product Dynamics (EPD), dan Constant Market Share Analysis (CMSA). Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa Indonesia mengalami surplus dalam perdagangan kakao, yang ditunjukkan oleh tren yang meningkat dalam beberapa tahun terakhir. Indonesia juga memiliki keunggulan komparatif sebagai eksportir biji kakao dan kakao olahan di pasar internasional. Hasil analisis EPD dan CMSA, terdapat sedikit perbedaan. Analisis EPD hampir semua produk kakao memiliki daya saing, sedangkan analisis CMSA menunjukkan produk-produk kakao yang memiliki daya saing adalah produk-produk kakao olahan. Untuk itu, dalam upaya meningkatkan daya saing produk kakao, baik dalam bentuk biji maupun produk olahan, diperlukan upaya peningkatan kualitas biji kakao dan pengembangan industri hilir. Analysis of performance and competitiveness of Indonesian cocoa and its intermediate products in the international marketABTRACT Cocoa is an important commodity for Indonesia, known as the third largest producing countries after Ivory Coast and Ghana. In the world market, the cocoa likely possesses high potency indicated by its consumption increasing steadily from year to year. It therefore enables Indonesia to play an important role and reach the chance. This study aims to analysis the performance and competitiveness of Indonesian cocoa bean and its intermediate products in the international market. Data used in this study were secondary on which competitive measures such as Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA), Trade Specialization Index (TSI), Export Product Dynamics (EPD), and Constant Market Share Analysis (CMSA) were approached. Results showed that the country has surplus in trade performance of cocoa bean indicated by its positive trend recently.  As the main exporting country, Indonesian cocoa has comparative advantage, both in form of cocoa bean and its intermediate products. Based on EPD analysis, almost all cocoa products have competitive advantage. While that of CMS analysis, the intermediate products have a higher competitive advantage than the cocoa bean. To improve competitiveness of the products, it needs to develop downstream industry, and some efforts to improve cocoa bean quality.
Pengaruh Formula Fungisida Nabati Minyak Cengkeh dan Serai Wangi terhadap Penyakit Busuk Buah Kakao Rita Harni; Efi Taufiq; Widi Amaria
Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar Vol 1, No 1 (2014): Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jtidp.v1n1.2014.p41-48

Abstract

Penyakit utama busuk buah kakao disebabkan oleh Phytophthora palmivora dapat menurunkan hasil 20%-30%. Pengendalian penyakitdengan fungisida nabati saat ini banyak dikembangkan, dengan tujuan mengurangi dampak negatif dari fungisida sintetik. Fungisidanabati yang digunakan adalah minyak cengkeh dan serai wangi karena mudah didapat dan bersifat fungisidal. Penelitian bertujuanmenganalisis pengaruh formula fungisida nabati minyak cengkeh dan serai wangi terhadap perkembangan penyakit busuk buah kakao(BBK) yang disebabkan oleh Phytophthora palmivora. Penelitian dilaksanakan di kebun petani Kabupaten Mamuju, Sulawesi Barat,menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok 7 perlakuan, 4 ulangan. Setiap perlakuan diamati 20 buah kakao berukuran 8-10 cm.Perlakuan yang diuji adalah 1) minyak cengkeh+serai wangi, 2) minyak cengkeh+asam salisilat, 3) minyak cengkeh+silikon, 4) seraiwangi+asam salisilat, 5) serai wangi+silikon, 6) fungisida sintetik sebagai pembanding, dan 7) kontrol. Larutan formula (5ml/liter)disemprotkan pada buah setiap 2 minggu sekali sampai buah masak atau dipanen. Parameter yang diamati adalah persentase serangan,intensitas serangan, kadar senyawa fenol, dan bobot biji kakao. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa formula fungisida nabaticengkeh dan serai wangi yang diperkaya dengan asam salisilat dan silikon dapat menekan intensitas serangan penyakit busuk buahkakao sebesar 20,48%-65,62%, tidak berbeda nyata dengan fungisida sintetik (73,15%). Besarnya tingkat penekanan penyakit sejalandengan kandungan senyawa fenol pada kuit buah kakao. Semakin tinggi kadar fenol pada kulit buah, maka semakin tinggi penekananpenyakit busuk buah kakao. Penggunaan formula fungisida nabati dapat menekan kehilangan produksi kakao 23,94%-43,02%.Formula terbaik dan dapat dianjurkan untuk pengendalian penyakit busuk buah kakao adalah minyak cengkeh+serai wangi,cengkeh+asam salisilat, dan serai wangi+silikon.Kata Kunci: Kakao, Phytophthora palmivora, busuk buah kakao, fungisida nabatiBlack pod disease caused by Phytophthora palmivora is a major disease on cacao crops, which can cause yield losses until 20%-30%. Diseasecontrol using botanical fungicide such as the use of clove and citronella oil, which have fungicidal effect, have been developed to reduce the negativeimpact of synthetic fungicide residues. The objectives of this study was to analyze the effect of clove and citronella oil as botanical fungicide formulaon the development of black pod disease and seed weight of cocoa in the field. The study was carried out at farmer’s fields in Mamuju District, WestSulawesi using a randomized block design with 4 replications and 7 treatment. In each treatment was observed 20 cacao pods with size 8-10 cm. Thetreatments were 1) clove + citronella oil, 2) clove oil + salicylic acid, 3) clove oil + silicone, 4) citronella + salicylic acid, 5) citronella + silicone,6) synthetic fungicides as a comparison treatment, and 7) control. The botanical formula was applied by spraying onto the entire surface of pod witha concentration of 5 ml/litre every 2 weeks. Observations were include the percentage of attacks, intensity of the attack, the levels of phenoliccompounds, and seed weight of cacao. The results showed that the formula of botanical fungicide containing clove and citronella oil enriched withsalicylic acid and silicon can suppress disease attack of black pod (20.48%-65.62%), which was not significantly different from synthetic fungicide(73.15%). The level of disease suppression in line with phenolic compounds of cocoa husk. In which, high phenolic contents can reduce black poddisease at a higher level . The use of botanical fungicides formula can suppress the yield loss until 23.94% to 43.02%. The best formulas that canbe recommended in suppressing intensity of black pod disease were clove oil + citronella, clove oil + salicylic acid, and citronella + silicon.
Pengaruh Mikroba Pelarut Fosfat terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Serapan Hara P Benih Kakao (Theobroma cacao L.) Maman Herman; Dibyo Pranowo
Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar Vol 4, No 2 (2013): Buletin Riset Tanaman Rempah dan Aneka Tanaman Industri
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jtidp.v4n2.2013.p129-138

Abstract

mudah diserap oleh perakaran tanaman sehingga dapat meningkatkan pertumbuhan dan efisiensi pemupukan anorganik, namun demikian pengaruhnya terhadap benih kakao (Theobroma cacao L.) belum banyak diketahui. Oleh karena itu, telah dilakukan penelitian untuk menguji pengaruh mikroba pelarut fosfat terhadap pertumbuhan dan serapan hara P benih kakao. Penelitian dilakukan di rumah kaca Balai Penelitian Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar, Sukabumi mulai Januari sampai Desember 2012. Perlakuan yang dicoba yaitu A) subsoil (kontrol), B) subsoil + NPK, C) subsoil + pukan (1:1), D) subsoil + zeolit (0,5 kg/10 kg), E) subsoil + pukan + zeolit, F) subsoil + MPF, G) subsoil + NPK + MPF, H) subsoil + pukan + NPK + MPF, I) subsoil + zeolit + NPK + MPF, dan J) subsoil + pukan + zeolit + NPK + MPF. MPF diisolasi dari tanah perakaran kakao rakyat di Kabupaten Kolaka, Sulawesi Tenggara. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa inokulasi MPF yang dikombinasikan dengan pemberian pupuk NPK mampu meningkatkan tinggi tanaman dan bobot biomassa benih kakao sampai umur 12 minggu setelah perlakuan. Perlakuan MPF + NPK menghasilkan tinggi tanaman, bobot biomassa, dan serapan P tertinggi dibandingkan perlakuan lainnya. Isolat MPF yang dikombinasikan dengan pemberian NPK mampu meningkatkan serapan hara P oleh benih kakao sampai 3,07 kali.Kata Kunci: Theobroma cacao L., benih, mikroba pelarut fosfat, MPF, pertumbuhan, serapan hara PPhosphate solubilizing microbes (PSM) has been known capable of dissolving unavailable phosphates in the soil to the form that easily absorbed by crops so that increases crop growth and inorganic fertilizer efficiency, however in cacao it has not been known. The objective of the study was to evaluate the role of phosphate solubilizing microbes to the growth and P nutrient uptake by cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) seedlings. The experiment was conducted in the Greenhouse of Indonesian Industrial and Beverage Crops Research Institute, Sukabumi from January to December 2012. Treatments were arranged as follows: A) Subsoil (control), B) Subsoil + NPK, C) Subsoil + organic matter (1:1), D) Subsoil + zeolite (0.5 kg/10 kg), E) Subsoil + organic matter + zeolites, F) Subsoil + PSM, G) Subsoil + NPK + PSM, H) Subsoil + organic matter + NPK + PSM, I) Subsoil + zeolite + NPK + PSM, dan J) Subsoil + organic matter + zeolite + NPK + PSM. The results showed that PSM combined with NPK enhanced plant height and weight of the biomass of cacao seedling until 12 weeks after treatment (WAT). The treatment of PSM+NPK resulted in the highest plant height, biomass, and P nutrient uptake compared with others. PSM combined with NPK fertilizer are able to increase threefold P nutrient uptake by cacao seedling.
NILAI TAMBAH EKONOMI PENGOLAHAN JAMBU METE INDONESIA Dewi Listyati; Bedy Sudjarmoko
Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar Vol 2, No 2 (2011): Buletin Riset Tanaman Rempah Dan Aneka Tanaman Industri
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Abstract

Cashew is one of the commodities that have significance for Indonesia’s economy. Besides the country foreign exchange earner and source of income of farmers, cashew nuts contribute for land conservation. In Indonesia, cashew mostly cultivated by smallholders. The main problem is the low productivity of Indonesian cashew crop and quality of products. The development of the cashew processing industry faced with the constraint of continuity of availability of raw materials. This is because cashew harvest season is generally only four months (July-October) per year. Indonesia cashew exports still largely in the raw form, especially to India and Vietnam which is a major producer of cashew in the world market. The dominant raw form of cashew export is not benefeting farmers, processing industry and the government (central and local). The loss potential lost opportunity to obtain economic value added, the amount of Rp 1.8 to 2.9 trillion per year. Opportunity comes from the processing of cashew nuts and CNSL. This product price is stabilize, the market outlook is still very open, both domestic and international markets. Demand for exports and growing domestic market, it should be an incentive for farmers, processing industry, and government to exploit its full potential. Besides the increase farmers' income, this step will open new employment opportunities in rural as well as opportunities increase foreign exchange. This potential will only materialize if the processing performed by the industry to involve farmers as partners. 
KARAKTER MORFOLOGI PALA ASAL GRAFTING MENGGUNAKAN CABANG ORTOTROP DAN PLAGIOTROP Rusli Rusli; Nana Heryana
Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar Vol 3, No 3 (2012): Buletin Riset Tanaman Rempah Dan Aneka Tanaman Industri
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jtidp.v3n3.2012.p263-268

Abstract

Tanaman pala dapat diperbanyak secara grafting dengan cara menyambung pucuk dari tanaman induk terpilih sebagai batang atas dan anakan dari biji sebagai batang bawah. Pucuk (entres) dapat berasal dari cabang ortotrop atau dari cabang plagiotrop. Penelitian  bertujuan mendapatkan sumber entres yang baik  untuk grafting tanaman pala. Penelitian telah dilaksanakan dari tahun 2010 sampai 2012 di Kebun Percobaan Sukamulya, Sukabumi dengan ketinggian tempat 350 m dari permukaan laut, jenis iklim B (Schmidt and Ferguson), dan jenis tanah latosol merah. Penelitian dirancang dengan 2 perlakuan yaitu tanaman pala yang berasal  grafting dengan entres asal cabang ortotrop dan yang berasal dari cabang plagiotrop. Jumlah tanaman masing-masing 10 tanaman, pengamatan meliputi tinggi batang, tinggi tanaman, diameter batang, jumlah cabang, panjang daun, lebar daun, luas daun, jumlah daun,  indek luas daun (ILD), dan bentuk kanopi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tanaman pala yang berasal dari grafting dengan pucuk asal cabang ortotrop mempunyai tinggi batang, tinggi tanaman, diameter batang, jumlah cabang, panjang daun, luas daun, jumlah daun, dan ILD yang lebih baik dibandingkan tanaman pala yang berasal dari benih grafting dengan pucuk yang berasal dari cabang plagiotrop. Demikian juga bentuk kanopi tanaman pala yang berasal dari grafting dengan pucuk asal cabang ortotrop, kanopi lebih sempurna tumbuh ke atas, sedangkan yang berasal dari pucuk plagiotrop tumbuhnya menyamping.MORPHOLOGY CHARACTER OF NUTMEG RAISED BY GRAFTING TECHNIC USING PLAGIOTROP AND ORTOTROP BRANCHABSTRACT Nutmeg plant may be multiplicated through grafting technique by splicing of young shoots (entrees) as upper parts onto seedlings as a bottom parts. The both parts are usually taken from selected perennial lines or the mother plants. The young shoots are usually taken from orthotropic or plagiothrop branches.  A study was conducted at Sukamulya Research Station (Sukabumi) with elevation of 350 m above sea level,  the climate type of B (Schmidt and Fergusson), and soil type of red latosol  from 2010 to 2012. The aim of this study was to find out good entrees in providing of grafted seedlings in nutmeg plant. The treatments evaluated were the use of entrees taken from ortothrop and plagiothrop branches. A number of sampled plants observed were 10 plants of each treatment, whereas parameters observed were plant height, stem diameter, number of branches, length leaf, leaf area index, number of leaves and shape of canopy. The results shows that grafted nutmeg plants developed from ortothrop branches had higher in plant height, stem diameter, number of branches, length of leaf, leaf area index, number of leaf and shape of the canopy showing a good their performance  and significantly different compared to those of plagiothrop branches. In addition, the former was growth up vertically, while the later was growth up horizontally.

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