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INDONESIA
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains
Published by Universitas Riau
ISSN : -     EISSN : -     DOI : -
Core Subject : Engineering,
Engineering
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Articles 3,145 Documents
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Variasi Pengadukan Dan Waktu Pada Pembuatan Bioetanol Dari Pati Sorgum Dengan Proses Sakarifikasi Dan Fermentasi Serentak (SSF) Maulia Rayana; Chairul Chairul; Hafidawati Hafidawati
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 1, No 1 (2014): Wisuda Februari Tahun 2014
Publisher : Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains

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Abstract

Sorghum is one of the agricultural commodities used for biofuels. Sorghum starch characteristics of high carbohydrate and contains high levels of starch as raw material potential of bioethanol. Making bioethanol done with simultaneous saccharification and fermentation process using yeast enzymes StargenTM 002 and Saccharomycess Cereviciae with varying speed agitation of 200, 250, 300 and 350 rpm and fermentation time 12, 24, 48, and 72 hours. The results of the analysis using a spectrophotometer and Alkoholmeter with highest bioethanol yield at speed agitation 350 rpm at 42 hours of fermentation with ethanol content of 8% (v/v) Keyword: Sorghum, Bioethanol, Enzym StargenTM 002, SSF, Speed Agitation
Produksi Etanol Dari Limbah Kulit Nanas Dengan Metode Solid State Fermentation (SSF) Terhadap Variasi Waktu Dan Variasi Ukuran Partikel Substrat Reni Oktaviani; Chairul Chairul; Said Zul Amraini
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 1, No 1 (2014): Wisuda Februari Tahun 2014
Publisher : Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains

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Abstract

Solid State Fermentation (SSF) is a form of solid substrate fermentation with low humidity levels. This study aims to determine the maximum time of the fermentation process to produce ethanol with SSF method and studying the kinetics of cell growth of Zymomonas mobilis for variations in particle size of the substrate. Pineapple peel waste is used as a raw material with a variety particle size of substrate in the form of slurry, 1x1 cm and 2x2 cm. Time of fermentation sampling conducted in 6; 12; 18; 24, 30, and 36 hours. Environmental conditions Zymomonas mobilis growth adjusted to pH 5 and 30 ° C. Analysis carried out in the study is the analysis of ethanol content using alcoholmeter and calculation of the number of cells by turbidity method using UV spectrophotometer to determine the kinetics of cell growth of Zymomonas mobilis. The maximum time obtained in this study was 24 hours for all particle size of the substrate. In  fermentation process with the SSF method, the kinetics of cell growth of Zymomonas mobilis and ethanol concentration is influenced by the particle size of the substrate. The highest ethanol concentrations obtained was 33% V on substrate particle size slurry with maximum specific growth rate  0,43/hour Keyword : Fermentation, Solid State Fermentaton (SSF), Zymomonas mobilis, Pineapple peel, kinetics cell, ethanol
Perengkahan PFAD (Palm Fatty Acid Destillate) Untuk Menghasilkan Biofuel Menggunakan Katalis Ni-Mo/Zeolit Setiawan, Rudi; Zahrina, Ida; Yenie, Elvi
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 1, No 1 (2014): Wisuda Februari Tahun 2014
Publisher : Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains

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Abstract

Petroleum reserves are depleted in Indonesia along with increased fuel requirements, demanding Indonesian society to harness alternative energy, one of which is biofuel. In this study, biofuels produced from cracking fatty acids contained in Destillate Palm Fatty Acid (PFAD). PFAD converted into biofuels via catalytic cracking process using a catalyst Ni.Mo / Zeolite with reaction temperature 380 oC in a stirred batch reactor. Metal concentrations in the zeolite was varied at 0%, 0.5%, 1% and 1.5% and the variation of the reaction stirring 300 rpm, 400 rpm, 500 rpm and 600 rpm. Cracking process using nitrogen gas with a flow rate of 150 ml / min. Yield (%) of the product obtained at the maximum stirring speed of 500 rpm with a metal concentration of 1%, amounting to 71.43% or 125 ml with 31.53% biofuel conversion. The composition of biofuels on cracking products was 8.8% and 35% Gasoline Kerosene and Diesel.  Key Words: Biofuel, Catalytic Cracking, Ni.Mo/Zeolite, PFAD
Transesterifikasi Minyak Limbah Ikan Patin Menggunakan Isobutanol Dengan Variasi Jumlah Katalis Dan Waktu Reaksi Risky Deliana; Nirwana Nirwana; Irdoni Irdoni
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 1, No 1 (2014): Wisuda Februari Tahun 2014
Publisher : Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains

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Abstract

Plastisizer is an organic solvent with high boiling point. As a solid, its melting point is considerably low.  Plastisizer is produced from process called transesterification. It is a reaction between oil (ester) and alcohol, creating new esters and glycerol as it’s by products. This experiment used waste of Pangasius sutchi oil, isobutanol, and H-Zeolit. The transesterification is performed in a reactor equipped with mixer. Independent variables were set prior to the study, consists of molar ratio 1:6,  mixer velocity 175 rpm, and temperature of 90° C. While the dependent variables are reaction rate of 5, 6, and 7 hours, and catalyst amount 10%, 15%, and 20% of oil weight. This experiment resulted in plastisizer with similar characteristics to commercial plastisizer in  specific gravity, viscosity, except saponification value. Furthermore, at reaction rate 6 hours and catalyst amount of 15 %, the conversion of 18,03%. Keywords: H-Zeolit, Isobutanol, Plastisizer, Transesterification
Pembuatan Pulp Cetak Tanpa Perekat Dari Pulp Batang Jagung Muhammad S. A. Aziz; Zulfansyah Zulfansyah; Warman Fatra; Hari Rionaldo
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 1, No 1 (2014): Wisuda Februari Tahun 2014
Publisher : Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains

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Abstract

Packaging material’s demand continue to increase along with the development of industry all over the world. Styrofoam as conventional packaging materials, have been looked for a subtitute because it does not decompose and the depletion of fossil fuels as it’s feedstock. Cornstalk has abundant amount as biomass waste. Despite it’s well known quality as raw material for pulp, it hasn’t got utilized yet. Molded pulp as one of the alternative packaging, has a promising future with it’s degradable characteristics and good mechanical properties. Cornstalk as raw material for the pulp along with the empty fruit bunch (EFB) ash works as the alkaline source for the alkaline pulping. The binderless molded pulp then formed with the help of hot press. The thermoset properties of the lignin itself, give the posibility to produce molded pulp without any binder resin. Tensile index, tear index and burst index were determined experimentally to express the mechanical properties of the binderless molded pulp products. This experiment were done as an effort to utilize the biorenewable resource to make a packaging product that could be an alternative to the conventional one.The result indicate that cornstalk as raw material to produce molded pulp gives good mechanical properties compare to styrofoam packaging product. Molded pulp from cornstalk gives tensile index 17,5 – 34 Nm/g, tear index  10 – 26 mN.m2/g and burst index 0,89 – 1,52 kPa.m2/g. In generally, variation of temperature give dominant significant influence to mechanical properties of molded pulp.Keywords: Binderless; Cornstalk; EFB Ash; Packaging; Molded Pulp
Pemurnian Selulosa-α Hasil Hidrolisis Pelepah Sawit Menggunakan Enzim Xylanase Dengan Variasi pH Dan Sumber Enzim Xylanase Sari D. P; Padil Padil; Yelmida Yelmida
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 1, No 1 (2014): Wisuda Februari Tahun 2014
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Abstract

Midrib palm is one of the waste that produced from palm farming which contain alpha cellulose about 35%. The component of alpha cellulose could be used as a raw material for nitrocellulose if it is has more than 92% of purity. So to increase the purity of alpha cellulose, midrib palm has to be treated by purifying step. In this time, chemical still be choices to be material for purify alpha cellulose, while as we know that chemical has a bad impact for our envirotment. So it is important to search another purifying agent and it is xylanase. Xylanase is one of enzyme that has an ability to break up the link between xylose in xylan. So the purpose of this research are to use xylanase as another purifying agent, to know what is the best pH for this purifying process and to compare the result between two xylanases that produced from different fungi. Before start the purifying step, midrib have to through extraction step to remove all extractive and continue with hydrolisis step by using extraction liquid of palm empty bunch ash. Then after that purifying step can be done at 600C for 1,5 hours by making some differences at pH (4,5 and 6). The highest purity of alpha cellulose was reached at pH 6 by using xylanase from Aspergillus niger about 97,55%. So the conclucion of this research are, the best pH for purifying process by using xylanase is 6 and the best xylanase is the one which produce from Aspergillus niger. Beside that, the use of xylanase which is comes from the same species will be not affected much to the purifying result.Keyword : hydrolisis, midrib palm, xylanase enzyme
Pemurnian Selulosa Alfa Pelepah Sawit Menggunakan Enzim Xylanase Caesari Caesari; Padil Padil; Yelmida Yelmida
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 1, No 1 (2014): Wisuda Februari Tahun 2014
Publisher : Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains

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Abstract

Midrib of palm oil is the most solid wastes which produced in oil palm plantations. Palm midrib is contained of 34.89% α-cellulose content percentage that can be improved with cooking using the extract solution ash of palm empty fruit bunches (Padil, 2010) and continued with the process of purification using xylanase enzyme. Higher content of Cellulose-α can be processed into a more commercially product. Cellulose-α> 92% qualified to be used as the main raw material (nitrocellulose) or making explosives and propellants. Stages of the purification process a palm midrib cellulose is extraction, hydrolysis, delignification and purification using xylanase enzyme with variations process is temperature (50, 60 and 70 ° C), enzyme dose (1, 2 and 3 ml) and the source of the enzyme (Aspergillus and Trichoderma sp so). Purification process operating conditions are: pH 5, time 90 minutes, the solid-solution 1:25. Content of purified cellulose-α increased to 96.60% for variable temperature at 60 ° C, 3 ml dose of enzymes and enzyme xylanase from Aspergillus sp. Keywords : Cellulose Alpha, Palm Midrib, Xylanase Enzyme
Pemodelan Dan Simulasi Kinerja Downdraft Gasifier Menggunakan Teknik Minimisasi Energi Bebas Gibbs Rio Nanda Novendra; Zuchra Helwani; Sri Helianty; Zulfansyah Zulfansyah
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 1, No 1 (2014): Wisuda Februari Tahun 2014
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Abstract

Gibbs free energy minimization method has been used in modelling the performance of a downdraft gasifier. The performance is represented by the composition of resulting gas. Sixteen gases considered are H2, CO, CH4, H2O, CO2, N2, C2H2, C2H4, C2H6, NO, NO2, N2O, HCN, NH3, H2S and SO2. The simulation is carried out making used of EXCEL. The result showed that the predicted value of model fit reasonably well with experimental data. The model was also used to investigate the influence of biomass composition, oxidant ratio and composition of oxidizing agent to composition of the resulting gas. Three kinds of biomass considered are oil palm shell,oil palm frond and empty fruit bunch. The oxidant ratio simulated is varied from 0 to 1 while  composition of oxidizing agent is varied from 21% - 100% oxigen. The simulation result showed that those three parameters play an important role in gasification process which in combination can produce total H2 and CO up to more than 85%.Keyword : Gasification, modelling, downdraft gasifier, Gibbs free energy minimization
Pembuatan Biofuel Dari Minyak Goreng Bekas Melalui Proses Catalytic Cracking Dengan Katalis Fly Ash Hazzamy, M Asyraf; Zahrina, Ida; Yelmida, Yelmida
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 1, No 1 (2014): Wisuda Februari Tahun 2014
Publisher : Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains

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Petroleum is a fossil fuel that can not be renewed but dwindling availability. Biofuel is a renewable alternative energy that can replace petroleum. The manufacture of biofuels by using catalytic cracking feedstock used cooking oil. Cooking oil is a waste product of the food industry. Dangerous if used cooking oil because it contains carcinogens and when discharged into the environment causing pollution. Oleic acid and palmitic acid contained in the used cooking oil is high enough to be able to be converted into biofuel. Variations used are temperature process (380 0C, 400 0C, 420 0C) and weight of fly ash 5%, 7% and 9% of the weight of used cooking oil. This study aims to produce a maximum yield of biofuel from used cooking oil by catalytic cracking catalyst silica from fly ash oil. Results were analyzed by the method viskosimetri cracking. Density stands at cracking results from 0.7727 to 0.7930 g / ml. Best yield obtained was 31.72% at 420 0C and 9% by weight of fly ash.  Keyword : Biofuel, catalytic cracking, fly ash, wasted cooking oil
Kuat Tekan Beton Dan Waktu Ikat Semen Portland Pozzolan R Arianto; Alex Kurniawandy; Ermiyati Ermiyati
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 1, No 1 (2014): Wisuda Februari Tahun 2014
Publisher : Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains

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Abstract

Concrete material applied widely as a building material. Development of building construction encourage cement industri to create new types of products. One of types is Portland Pozzolan Cement (PPC). This study aims to determine value of setting time, compressive strength and age factors base on cement variations using Portland Pozzolan Cement  and Portland Type 1 cement. Specimens are made in cylindrical shape with diameter 15 cm and high 30 cm. Testing of these specimens are conducted in age 3, 7, 14, 21, 28 and 90 days which are 10 samples per each variations. Mix composition of concrete is designed by ACI method with compression target in 25 MPa. Result of experiments, initial setting time is 92.99 minutes and final setting time is 150 minutes for cement Type 1, whereas cement PPC shows initial setting time is 121.38 minutes and final setting time is 180 minutes. The averages of compressive strength are 16.99, 22.65, 28.99, 32.89, 38.16 in age 3, 7, 14, 21, 28, 90 respectively for cement Type 1. On the other sides, for cement PPC, the averages are 16.56, 19.28, 25.79, 24.63, 24.66, 30.35 respectively with age. The age factors of Type 1 cement are 0.516, 0.688, 0.881, 0.981, 1.000, 1.160, and the age factor for PPC cement are 0.672, 0.782, 1.046, 0.999, 1.000 and 1,231.  Key word: age factor, compressive strength, PPC, setting time.

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