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Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains
Published by Universitas Riau
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Core Subject : Engineering,
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Articles 3,145 Documents
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Penentuan Kesetimbangan Adsorpsi Regenerated Spent Bleaching Earth (RSBE) Terhadap Ion Fe(III) Mhd Taufik Kurniawan; Yusnimar Yusnimar; Sri Helianty
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 2, No 2 (2015): Wisuda Oktober Tahun 2015
Publisher : Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains

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Abstract

Spent Bleaching Earth (SBE) is a waste of palm oil refinery industry. One of the efforts to control the SBE is to be processed into Regenerated Spent Bleaching Earth (RSBE). This study aims to determine the adsorption capability of RSBE and the corresponding adsorption model on ion Fe(III). SBE processing into RSBE by extraction of oil on SBE soxhletation manner using n-hexane at a temperature of 72°C for 8 hours. Then the rest of the SBE results soxhletation washed with 3% HCl and physically activated at a temperature of 470oC. A total of 1 g RSBE mixed with a solution of Fe(NO3)3 with a volume of 100 ml at various concentrations (10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 ppm). The results showed that the adsorption RSBE reach equilibrium after a contact time of 150 minutes and adsorption that occurs following the Langmuir isotherm models with correlation coefficient (R2) = 0.982 and the maximum value jerap capacity = 2.71 mg Fe (III) / g RSBE.Keywords: adsorption, adsorption isotherms, ion Fe (III), RSBE, SBE
Pembuatan Batubata Dengan Penambahan Campuran Fly Ash Dan Semen Tanpa Proses Pembakaran Evevndi, Zulfan; Fadli, Ahmad; Drastinawati, Drastinawati
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 2, No 2 (2015): Wisuda Oktober Tahun 2015
Publisher : Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains

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Abstract

Brick is one of material construction which have many application in making material building. The purpose of this research is to study the effect of fly ash addition and hardening time on mechanic characteristic of brick produced. Brick is formed by mixing cement, clay, water and fly ash with adding 0;0,3;0,6;0,9;1,2 kg weight. Brick formed let under room temperature for 7, 14 and 21 day long. The brick quality was measured from its compressive strength, porosity and it’s leached value . The compressive strength test showed that 0,6 kg fly ash addition that dry for 21 day was the the strongest where it’s value was 9,375 N/mm2. It was also found that porosity value getting higher for fly ash addition up to 0,6 kg weight. The highest porosity was 21,34 % found in 1,2 fly ash addition. The result of TCLP test shows that for Pb, Cu, Cr content is still below the quality standards based on PP No.85 TH 1999 and is still considered harmless. leachate value for Pb was 3,10 mg/L, 1,213 mg/L for Cr and 4,374 mg/L for Cu.Keyword : brick, fly ash, compressive strength, porosity, TCLP
Pengaruh Kadar Coupling Agent Maleated Natural Rubber Terhadap Morfologi Dan Sifat Karet Alam Thermoset Dengan Filler Abu Sawit/Carbon Black Andri Mulia; Bahruddin Bahruddin; Irdoni Irdoni
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 2, No 2 (2015): Wisuda Oktober Tahun 2015
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Maleated Natural Rubber (MNR) is a coupling agent which serves to facilitate mixing natural rubber and filler. This research aims to determine the effect of concentration MNR on the morphology and properties of thermoset rubber with fly ash/carbon black as filler. MNR content used were 2 phr 3 phr and 5 phr (per hundred rubber). Mastication process is carried out using a roll mill at room temperature, roll rotational speed of 20 rpm, and the overall time of the manufacture of compound ± 50 minutes. Constant variable is fly ash/carbon black, paraffin as plasticizer, ZnO as activator, stearic acid as co-activator, MBTS as accelerator, TMQ as anti-degradant, and sulfur as curative agent. The ratio of mass hybrid filler fly ash/carbon black used were 0/100; 30/70; 50/50; 70/30 and 100/0. Vulcanization process was carried out at a temperature of 150 °C and pressure of 50 kgf/cm2. Mechanical properties test includes tensile strength, elongation at break and elastic modulus using ISO 527-2 type 5A standard with a universal testing machine. Morphology test was carried out using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and other parameter test was water absorption resistance. The result showed that coupling agent MNR affect the nature of thermoset and rubber. Best morphology image shows more evenly distributed filler, and interaction of filler and rubber formed quite homogeneous and uniform. The best mechanical properties obtained at 3 phr MNR with filler ratio of fly ash/carbon black 50/50 with a tensile strength of 18,147 MPa, elongation at break 1402.8 % and elastic modulus of 0.7688 MPa.Keywords : fillers hybrid , MNR, natural rubber, thermoset rubber.
Pelapisan Permukaan Stainless Steel 316L Menggunakan Hidroksiapatit Dengan Metode Deposisi Elektroforesis Muhamamad Rizky Zuriadi; Ahmad Fadli; Amun Amri
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 2, No 2 (2015): Wisuda Oktober Tahun 2015
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Abstract

Hydroxyapatite (HA) is ceramic that can be used as bone implants and teeth. However hydroxyapatite has a weakness in terms of its weak physical properties so it need to be modified with hydroxyapatite coating on a metal surface. The purpose of this study is to determine the influence of pH and concentration of hydroxyapatite. Hydroxyapatite was coated on the surface of Stainless steel using electrophoretic deposition method. HA suspension with concentration 0,025 and 0,075M were made by mixing 0,0425 and 1,3575 gr with ethanol and then set to pH 3,4 and 10 by adding HNO3 and NH4OH. Subsequently, the coating process was carried out by dipping Stainless steel and carbon electrode into hydroxyapatite suspension. The hydroxyapatite suspension was electrified with a voltage of 60 V for 2 minutes. Then hydroxyapatite coating was calcined with temperature of 800o C for 2 hours. SEM analysis shown that the thickness of HA deposits was 32-52 μm at HA concentration of 0,025 M and it increased to 42-57 μm at HA concentration of 0,075 M. The thickness of HA deposists was 60-80 μm at pH 3 and it decreased to 40-50 μm at pH 10. corrosion rate analysis shown that HA coating can reduce corrosion rate of stainless steel. FTIR analysis showed PO43-, OH, and H2O groups that indicates the content of hydroxyapatite from sample. Keywords : coating, electrophoretic deposition, hydroxyapatite, stainless steel
Pirolisis Kayu Ketapang (Terminalia Catappal) Menjadi Bio-Oil Menggunakan Katalis NiMo/Lempung Afria Anggreini; Syaiful Bahri; Khairat Khairat
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 2, No 2 (2015): Wisuda Oktober Tahun 2015
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Recently, the avaibility of petroleum fuels is became limited. It is because the petroleum fuels was not balanced with the community consumption to petroleum fuels is very high. To overcome these problems needed alternative energy sources is the use of renewable biomass into bio-oil. Biooil is produced from biomass through pyrolysis. The purpose of this reseacrh is to produce biooil from ketapang wood, determine the effect of the impregnation percentage of NiMo metal, determine the effect of the catalyst weight, the physical and chemical characteristics of bio-oil. Pyrolysis was using 50 grams ketapang wood, 500 ml silinap and NiMo/Lempung catalyst withvariations of the impregnation percentage of NiMo metal 0%, 1%, 2%, 3% and the variation weight of catalyst NiMo/Lempung 3%, 4% and 5% of the biomass with a stirring speed of 300 rpm and a temperature of 320ºC for 120 minutes. In this research, the highest yield on the variation of the impregnation percentage of metal 1% and weight of catalyst 5% of the biomass amounted to 77,616%. Characteristics of bio-oil obtained were density 0,924 gr/ml, viscosity 2,510 cSt, acid number 76,781 mg NaOH/gr sample, and the flash point 500C. The results of GC-MS analysis, thedominant chemical components in the bio-oil were cyclohexanone (5,53%); heptadecane (4,17%); 1-propene, 2-methyl-,trimer (3,18%); 1-tetradecene (CAS) n-tetradec-1-ene (2,43%) serta octadecane (CAS) n-octadecane (2,21%).Keywords : Bio-oil, catalyst NiMo/Lempung, ketapang wood
Studi Polimerisasi Ester Dari Asam Lemak Sawit Distilat (ALSD) Menggunakan Inisiator Benzoil Peroksida 0,4 % Fitra Annisa; Zuchra Helwani; Bahruddin Bahruddin
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 2, No 2 (2015): Wisuda Oktober Tahun 2015
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Palm Fatty Acid Distillate (PFAD) is a byproduct from palm oil processing industry that used as raw material for synthesis polyester based vegetable oil. The purpose of the research is to study polymerization reaction of ester from PFAD using inisiator benzoyl peroxide 0,4%. There are three step reaction in this research that was esterification, polymerization, and polyesterification. The esterification stage was done at temperature 70oC, reaction time 2 hours, reactant ratio 1:8 (ALSD : metanol), and concentration catalyst H2SO4 1% (w/w) ALSD. Polymerization stage was done at variation of temperature 120, 130, and 140oC and variation reaction time 3, 4, and 5 hours using initiator benzoyl peroxide 0,4% (w/w) methyl ester. Polyesterification stage was done at temperature 175-200oC, reaction time 4 hours, and ratio reactant 1:1 (polymerized methyl ester : ethylene glikol). Product was analyzed by using FT-IR, GC-MS, and viscosity. The result of FT-IR showed that vinyl group was presence who indicated double bonding was presence and polymerization was not occur. The result of GC-MS showed there had no change of molecular weight. And product with temperature 130oC and reaction time 5 hours has higher viscosity value.Keyword : benzoyl peroxide, esterification, PFAD, polymerization
Esterifikasi Gliserol Sebagai Produk Samping Biodiesel Menjadi Triacetin Dengan Menggunakan Katalis Zeolit Alam Pada Variasi Suhu Reaksi Dan Konsentrasi Katalis Dedi Meier Silaban; Zuchra Helwani; Silvia Reni Yenti
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 2, No 2 (2015): Wisuda Oktober Tahun 2015
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Glycerol is by-product of biodiesel. Production of biodiesel will produce glycerol about 10% of total biodiesel. The excess glycerol able to treatment to a more expensive product, such as triacetin. Triacetin is a triester from glycerol and acetic acid. It is used as good additive and also soluble in biodiesel. Triacetin was produced by esterification of glycerol and acetic acid. The aim of this research was to know the influence of the concentration of catalyst and esterification temperature reaction toward glycerol conversion. Esterification of glycerol was done by activated natural zeolite catalyst. The molar ratio of glycerol and acetic acid was 1:7. The temperature that used was 90oC, 100oC, and 110oC, than the concentration of zeolite catalyst was 2%, 4%, and 6% of acetic acid mass. The highest glycerol conversion was 85,21% that reached in reaction temperature 110oC and catalyst concentration 4% of acetic acid mass. The temperature and catalyst concentration of esterification was directly proportional of the glycerol conversion.Key words: Biodiesel, esterification, glycerol, triacetin, zeolite.
Pembuatan Biodiesel Dari Cpo Off Grade Menggunakan Reaktor Membran (Variasi Katalis Dan Fraksi Mol Umpan Enang Vovilya; Syarfi Syarfi; Edy Saputra
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 2, No 2 (2015): Wisuda Oktober Tahun 2015
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Membrane reactor is an alternative technology that is used in the manufacture of biodiesel, one of the advantages that the reaction and separation process takes place in a single stage simultaneous. This research aims to study the effect of the variation of the catalyst and mole ratio feed CPO off grade - methanol in biodiesel production, a pretreatment process performed on the raw materials that aim to reduce the FFA content CPO off grade, the results obtained pretreatment FFA content of 0.79%, then performed transesterification process which was held in a membrane reactor with a variation of the mole ratio of CPO off grade -methanol 1:12, 1:18, and 1:24, the concentration of the base catalyst 1% -wt, 1.5% -wt and 2% -wt, pressure transmembrane 2 bar and a temperature of 60 oC process. The results showed biodiesel production using membrane reactor reached 72.02% yield on the condition of the mole ratio of 1:18 with a concentration of 2 %-wt, characteristics of biodiesel produced meets the quality standards of biodiesel in Indonesia including biodiesel, densityis 860-884 kg/m3, viscosity of biodiesel is 5.14 to 5.76 mm2/s, Flash Point is 158-161 °C, Acid Numberis 0.62 to 0.75 mg-KOH/g.Keywords: biodiesel, CPO off grade, membrane reactor, mol ratio, catalyst concentration.
Pirolisis Kayu Akasia Menjadi Bio-Oil Menggunakan Katalis NiMo/NZA Dengan Variasi Jumlah Pengembanan Logam Dan Rasio Berat Katalis Terhadap Biomassa Saputra, Adika; Bahri, Syaiful; Amri, Amun
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 2, No 2 (2015): Wisuda Oktober Tahun 2015
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Abstract

The purpose of this research is to determine the effect of the percentage of NiMo and ratio of NiMo/NZA catalyst to the yield of bio-oil in the synthesis of bio-oil from acacia wood using pyrolysis methode. The process was carried out using 50 gram, of acacia wood, 500 ml silinap and NiMo/NZA catalyst with various variations of the percentage of NiMo metal 0%, 1%, 2%, 3% and the variation ratio of NiMo/NZA catalyst 3%, 6%, 12% respectively of the biomass having a stirring speed of 300 rpm and a temperature of 320 ºC for 120 minutes. From the result, the highest yield (69.41%) was obtained of NiMo ratio 2% and the catalyst 3%. The physical properties at the bio-oil result obtained density 0.938 gr/ml, viscosity 1.919 cSt, acid number 87.593 mg NaOH/gr sample, and the flash point 55 oC respectively. From analysis by the GC-MS, the dominant components were 2-Pentene,2,4,4-Trimethyl (18.50%), Pentane,2,2,4,4-Tetramethyl- (5.64%), 1-Pentene,2,4,4-Trimethyl- (10.31%), 2-Pentene,2,3, 4-Trimethyl- (2.43%) and Cyclohexanone,3-(3,3-Dimethylbutyl) (8.08%) were found.Keywords: Biomass, Bio-oil, NiMo/NZA, acacia wood, Pyrolysis
Pirolisis Kayu Cemara (Casuarina Equisetifolia) Menjadi Bio-Oil Dengan Menggunakan Katalis NiMo/Lempung Hade Karimata; Syaiful Bahri; Edy Saputra
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 2, No 2 (2015): Wisuda Oktober Tahun 2015
Publisher : Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains

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Abstract

The basic of national energy problem this era is consumtion of fossil energy that increase rapidly which not equal with source of fossil energy itself. Requirement for the source of energy which increasing and petroleum reserve as source of primary energy which continuing attenuate to become the main reason for the importance of searching for alternative energy sources instead of petroleum. Biomass specially pine wood only considered as waste that pollutes the environment, whereas the pine bark is biomass that can be processed to become alternative energy that is bio-oil. Bio-oil can be produced through pyrolisis process using catalyst NiMo/clay. This research aim to study the effect of the ratio of amount of catalyst to biomass which have variation of 3%, 6% and 9% w/w respectively and also the effect of NiMo metal consentrate on clay equal to 0%, 1%, 2% and 3% w /w respectively of the yield bio-oil produced. In this research, pine bark biomass as muches 50 grams with particle size of -100+200 mesh, silinap 500 ml, and catalyst NiMo/clay placed into pyrolisis reactor. Process of pyrolisis is conducted at temperature 320 oC and stirring speed of 300 rpm during 120 minute with stream of nitrogen gas (N2) as inert gas. The result obtained indicated that optimum yield obtained at 2% catalyst NiMo/clay as much as 9% of biomass that is equal to 51,102%. Physical properties test result obtained that is density (1,0429 gr/ml), viscosity (9,307 cSt), acid number (22,470 mg of NaOH/gr of sample) and flash point (53 oC) respectively. Result of chemical analysis with GC-MS, obtained the dominant chemical components in bio-oil are Cyclohexane, Cyclohexanone, Pentane, 1-Pentene, 2-Pentene.Keywords: Biomass, Bio-oil, Catalysts NiMo/clay, Pine Wood, Pyrolysis

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