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Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains
Published by Universitas Riau
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Articles 3,145 Documents
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Polimerisasi Ester Dari Asam Lemak Sawit Distilat (ALSD) Menggunakan Inisiator benzoil Peroksida 0,3 % Herry Novriansyah; Ahmad Fadli; Bahruddin Bahruddin
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 2, No 2 (2015): Wisuda Oktober Tahun 2015
Publisher : Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains

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Abstract

Palm Fatty Acid distillate (PFAD) as a byproduct the processing of palm oil has great potential to be used as raw material oil-based polymers. The aims of this research to study the process polymerization of ester from PFAD using initiator (benzoyl peroxide) 0.3%. Stage of the process consists of three stages. The esterification stage was done at temperatur70° C, reaction time of 120 minutes, reactant ratio 1: 8 (PFAD: methanol), concentration of catalyst (H2SO4) 1% (w/w) PFAD; polymerization stage was done at temperature 120, 130,and 140°C, concentration of initiator (benzoyl peroxide) 0.3% (w/w) and variation of polymerization reaction time 3, 4, and 5 hours, and polyesterification stage was done at temperature 175-200 °C, ratio of reactants 1: 1 (polymerized methyl ester: ethylene glycol), and the reaction time of 4 hours. The results of polymerization was analyzed by using viscosity test, FT-IR (Fourier Transform Infra Red) and GCMS (Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry). The highest viscosity was 32,97 mPa.s at temperature 140°C and 4 hours. Theresult using FT-IR showed that the polymerization process was unsuccessful, this was indicated by the presence of the vinyl group. The result of GCMS showed there had been molecular weight addition in polymerization process, that was only three times the initial molecular weight.Keywords: benzoyl peroxide, esterification, palm fatty acid distillate, polymerization
Pengaruh Waktu Inokulasi Inokulum Dalam Pembuatan Bioetanol Dari Pelepah Sawit Menggunakan Saccharomyces cerevisiae Siburian, Roy Ronald; Muria, Sri Rezeki
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 2, No 2 (2015): Wisuda Oktober Tahun 2015
Publisher : Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains

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Abstract

Palm frond is one of the solid waste generated by the activities of oil palm plantations. Indonesia is one of the countries which has the wide land areas in the world. Palm frond is lignocellulosic compound that consist of lignin, celluose, and hemicelluloce. Therefore, palm fronds can be used as raw material to produce bioethanol, production of bioethanol from palm fronds can be done through the fermentation process. The microorganisms that used in this research was Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The purpose of this research was to determine the effect of inoculation time of Saccharomyces cerevisiae on fermentation process to produce bioethanol from palm fronds. Stages of the process that done in this research include delignification, purification powder palm frond, hydrolysis and fermentation. In the fermentation process, the inoculation inoculum's time varied for 12 hours, 24 hours, 36 hours and 48 hours. On acid hydrolysis, the result of sugar concentration maximum was 54.889 g/L. The optimum time of inoculum inoculation in this research was 24 hours and the optimum bioethanol gained from fermentation proces was 3% (v/v) for 3 days.Keywords : bioethanol, fermentation, hydrolysis, inoculum, palm frond, Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Pembuatan Biodiesel Dari Minyak Sawit Off -Grade Menggunakan katalis CaO Yang Berasal Dari Kulit Telur Melalui Proses Dua Tahap Putri, Febrina Dwi
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 2, No 2 (2015): Wisuda Oktober Tahun 2015
Publisher : Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains

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Abstract

Biodiesel is an alternative the fuel of derived from vegetable oil transesterification reaction with methanol. Off-grade palm is one of the sources of vegetable oils that can be used as raw material for making biodiesel. In the transesterification reaction using a CaO catalyst. CaO obtained from calcined of eggshell at a temperature of 900ºC during 2 hours. This goal of research to produce biodiesel from off-grade palm use a two-stage reaction, study the performance of the CaO catalyst calcined of eggshell on the transesterification reaction, and determine the reaction of temperature influence, mole ratio of oil:methanol, and the concentration of catalyst on the yield of biodiesel transesterification reaction. Esterification is runned at a temperature of 60°C with a mole ratio of oil:methanol 1:12 and use1%wt of catalyst H2SO4. FFA can be lowered from 16.18% to 0.6%. Transesterification conducted with variations mole ratio of oil:methanol 1:7, 1:9, 1:11, catalyst of CaO concentrations are 2%wt, 4%wt, 6%wt, 50ºC, 60ºC, 70ºC of temperature’s reaction and reaction time during 2 hours. Processing of the data conducted by Response Surface Methodology (RSM), while the number of experiments are determined by Central Composite Design (CCD). Yield is resulted in this research are 62.30%-87.41%. Optimums yield is produced at a temperature of 70ºC with a mole ratio of oil:methanol 1:11 and catalyst of CaO 2%wt. Process conditions which significant effect on the yield of biodiesel are the reaction temperature, mole ratio of oil:methanol, and the interaction between temperature with mole ratio of oil:methanol but in the other side, the catalyst concentration does not have a significant influence.Keywords: biodiesel, CaO, off-grade palm oil, rsm, transesterification
Pemanfaatan Limbah Abu Terbang (Fly Ash) Batu Bara Sebagai Bahan Campuran Beton Geopolimer Julharmito Julharmito; Ahmad Fadli; Drastinawati Drastinawati
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 2, No 2 (2015): Wisuda Oktober Tahun 2015
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Abstract

Fly ash can be used in the manufacture of concrete geopolimer. The replacement of the use of cement with fly ash can reduce the cost of manufacture of concrete and can reduce global warming posed from the production of cement. This research aims to know the influence of the use of fly ash, variations in concentrations of KOH and Na2SiO3/KOH ratio relationships against the concrete compressive strength of concrete geopolimer and test the level of immobilisasi of heavy metals contained in concrete geopolimer. Geopolimer synthesized from fly ash using a mixed solution of KOH and Na2SiO3. The solution is prepared the day before use. Initially prepared a solution of KOH with concentrations of 8 M, 10 M, 12 M, 15 M and Na2SiO3/KOH ratio 0.8; 1.2; 1.6; 2.0. These materials are mixed while stirring and inserted into the mold cylinder diameter 4 cm height 8 cm. Batter the already hardened issued and in the dry at a temperature of 80оC for 24 hours, then the samples were dried at room temperature for 21 days, then performed a test of strong press, porosity and heavy metal content. Test result showed a strong increase with added press Molarity KOH and Na2SiO3/KOH ratio, strongly press the highest 30.26 MPa produced on the molar ratio of 14 m and Na2SiO3 KOH/KOH 2.0. Instead, the porosity obtained decreased with increasing molar NaOH and KOH Na2SiO3/ratio. The lowest porosity 6.49% obtained in Molarity KOH 14 and Na2SiO3/KOH ratio is 2.0. Concrete geopolimer able to immobilize heavy metals found in the fly ash with either. Metal Pb reduced from 8,954 mg/L be 0.66 mg/L, the metal Cr reduced from 6,978 mg/L be 2.096 mg/L, Cu Metal reduced from 12.355 mg/L be 7.350 mg/l. so as to meet the Government Regulation Number 101 by 2014.Key word: geopolimer concrete, fly ash, activator solution
Kinetika Adsorpsi Ion Logam Cu2+ Menggunakan Tricalciumphosphate Sebagai Adsorben Dengan Variasi Kecepatan Pengadukan Dan Temperatur Mustika Canra; Ahmad Fadli; Komalasari Komalasari
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 2, No 2 (2015): Wisuda Oktober Tahun 2015
Publisher : Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains

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One of the heavy metals can pollute the waters is metal ions Cu2+. The purposes of this research are to observe the effect of stirring rate and temperature on the adsorption of metal ions Cu2+ using adsorbents tricalciumphsphate (TCP) and determine a suitable adsorption kinetics model. The procedure was begun by adding 1 gram of TCP into Cu2+ solution with a concentration of 3 ppm at stirring speed of 100 rpm, 200 rpm, and 300 rpm and a temperature of 30oC, 40oC, and 50oC. Samples were taken every 2 minutes, filtered and analyzed by atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS). The result demonstrated that the suitable kinetic model for adsorption of metal ions Cu2+ using TCP adsorbent is pseudosecond order kinetic model with adsorption kinetics constant value of 3,125 g/mg.min. The increased the stirring rate and temperature increase adsorption rat . Type of this adsorption is physics adsorption with activation energy value of 25,016 kJ / mol.Keywords: Adsorption kinetics model, the metal ion Cu2+, tricalciumphosphate, stirring rate and temperature.
Pembuatan Biodiesel Dari Minyak Kelapa Dengan Katalis H-Zeolit Melalui Proses Metanolisis Feni Nopriza; Syaiful Bahri; Yusnimar Yusnimar
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 2, No 2 (2015): Wisuda Oktober Tahun 2015
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Biodiesel is an alternative fuel from renewable raw materials. One of the raw material can be used to make biodiesel is coconut oil. This research aims is determine the maximum biodiesel yield by using varying amounts of H-zeolite catalyst and methanol mole ratios of coconut oil through a process methanolysis. The independent variables used in this study is the mole ratio of methanol-oil 3: 1; 6: 1; 8: 1 9: 1 and catalyst concentration of 1%, 2%, 3% respectively. Temperature of 60°C, 1.5 hours and stirrer speed is keep constant. The yield of biodiesel produced in this study reached 84.78% at a concentration of 2% catalyst mole ratio of methanol-oil 6: 1. The density of biodieselproduced at the maximum yield was 880.90 kg / m3, kinematic viscosity of 4.59 mm2 / s, the flashpoint of 110oC, the water content of 0.048% v, and the acid number of 0.65 mg KOH / g, respectively in addition, analysis of the chemical compositions of biodiesel is used GC - MS. All the characteristics of the physical properties of biodiesel produced have met the standard range contained in the SNI 04-7182-2006.Keywords: biodiesel, homogeneous catalysts, methanolyisis, coconut oil.
Pirolisis Kulit Kayu Pinus (Merkusii) Menjadi Bio-Oil Dengan Katalis Mo/NZA Yuliati Eka Putri; Syaiful Bahri; Edy Saputra
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 2, No 2 (2015): Wisuda Oktober Tahun 2015
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Abstract

Global issues becoming a serious discussion in the depletion of oil reserves and coal. Dependence at fuel on nonrenewable energy sources should be avoided, sooner or later energy sources will run out. We have to look for other sources of energy that can be updated to cope of with these problems. One of the alternative energy that can be developed bio-oil. Bio-oil is produced with the use of biomass by pyrolysis process. The purpose of this research is to determine the effect of Mo metal on the catalyst Mo / NZA as well as influence of the catalyst on the bio-oil produced. Physical properties such as density, viscosity, acidity and a flash point of bio-oil were measured. And the chemical components of the bio-oil measured by GC-MS method. Pyrolysis using pine bark as much as 50 grams along with 500 ml silinap with variations Mo metal to NZA 0%; 0,5%; 1% and 1,5% w / w and the weight variation of the catalyst Mo/NZA 3%, 6% and 9% of the biomass. The process having stirring speed of 300 rpm and temperature of 320ºC for 120 min. The Highest yield of bio-oil obtained of 1,5% catalyst Mo/NZA with 9% of the amount of catalyst was 67,16%. From physical analysis conducted on bio-oil were obtained: density 0,781 g/ml, viscosity 2,094 cSt, acidity 20,906 mg NaOH/g sample, and the flash point 52 oC respectively. From the GC-MS analysis, the dominant chemical components at bio-oil is a 1-Propene (12,19%), 2-Pentene (8,2%), Pentane (10,54%), Cyclohexane (13,78%) and Heptane (3,52%) respectively.Keywords : Bio-oil, Mo/NZA, Pine bark, Pyrolysis
Sintesa Precipitated Calcium Carbonate (PCC) Dari Cangkang Kerang Darah ( Anadara Granosa) Dengan Variasi Suhu Kalsinasi Dan Variasi Rasio CaO/HNO3 Paul Destin Purba; Amun Amri; Zultiniar Zultiniar; Yelmida Yelmida
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 2, No 2 (2015): Wisuda Oktober Tahun 2015
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Precipitated Calcium Carbonate (PCC) is a calcium based chemical product that recently has widely utilized in application. The purpose of this research is to obtain PCC at once as the waste problem solver. This research using carbonation method with tested variable were the calcinations temperature and ratio of calcium oxide by nitric acid. The crushed sample were calcined according to the temperature variations (700oC, 800oC, and 900oC). Furthermore, the formed calcium oxide was slacked into the nitric acid according to several calcium oxide by nitric acid ratio (14:300, 17:300, and 20:300 gr/ml). The formed nitric calcium then was added by ammonia to pH 12 to start the synthesis calcium hydroxide. Next subsequent was carbonation, in case flowing calcium hydroxide by carbon dioxide to form white precipitate (PCC). Based on the analysis, the best result of PCC obtained at calcinations temperature of 900oC with the ratio of 14 gr:300 ml that gained 84,88%. The X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) showed that the type of crystals formed were vaterit. The Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) showed that the shape of crystals were round (sphere-like) with a relatively uniform size.Keywords: Calcination, carbonation, cockle shell, precipitated calcium carbonate.
Sintesa Precipitated Calcium Carbonate (PCC) Dari Kulit Kerang Darah (Anadara Granosa Dengan Variasi Konsentrasi Asam Dan Rasio CaO/HNO3 Dhini Octavianty; Amun Amri; Zultiniar Zultiniar; Yelmida Yelmida
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 2, No 2 (2015): Wisuda Oktober Tahun 2015
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The purpose of this research was production of precipitated calcium carbonate (PCC) from blood cockle shell waste using carbonation method. Carbonation method that was used to synthesis PCC was modificated carbonation method by CaO as calcination result and HNO3 reaction and then flowed the CO2 gas. The learned variable was variation of the nitric acid concentration (1,5; 2; and 2,5 M) and CaO/HNO3 ratio (14:300; 17:300; 20:300 gr/ml). The highest yield of PCC was reached from the concentration of nitric acid 2 M and ratio 14 gr : 300 ml which the yield was 84,88%. From the X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) characteristic result, able to know the crystal form that reached was vaterite which was reinforced from analysis result of Scanning Elcetron Microscopy (SEM) with the sphere partical.Key words: Blood cockle shell, carbonation, PCC, SEM, XRD
Sintesis Hidroksiapatit Melalui Precipitated Calcium Carbonate (PCC) Dari Cangkang Kerang Darah Dengan Metode Hidrotermal Pada Variasi Waktu Reaksi Dan Rasio Ca/P Ichsan, Raja Heru Nur Alam; Helwani, Zuchra; Zultiniar, Zultiniar
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 2, No 2 (2015): Wisuda Oktober Tahun 2015
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Abstract

Potential of waste blood cockle shell in Indonesia is quite large. Waste of blood cockle shell contains calcium carbonate compounds that can be used as raw material for the synthesis of hydroxyapatite . In this research, the PCC synthesis of blood cockle shell in advance to obtain a pure hydroxyapatite. The aim of this research was to get the hydroxyapatite from PCC blood cockle shell, determine optimum process condition and also to investigate the effect of the Ca/P mole ratio and the reaction time toward Hydroxyapatite synthesis. The powder of sea shell was calcined at 900 oC for 2 hours. CaO was converted to PCC which then reacted with diammonium hydrogen phosphate by using water as solvent. The samples then were characterized by using FTIR (Fourier Transform Infrared), XRD (X-Ray Diffraction), and SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy). The functional groups were observed in the FTIR of the synthesized hydroxyapatite are phosphate (PO43-), hydroxyl (OH-), and carbonate (CO32-). These functional groups indicate that hydroxyapatite has been formed. XRD data showed the main peaks for hydroxyapatite that strenghtened the truth of FTIR characterization. SEM was used to observe the morphology of the synthesized hydroxyapatite that consisted of agglomerates. The optimum conditions in this research is the synthesis of HAp with a ratio of Ca / P 1,61 and 20 hours reaction time with a particle size of hydroxyapatite 39,43 nm, conversion 91,99% and yield 96,66 %.Keywords : Blood cockle shell, Hydroxyapatite, Hydrothermal, Precipitated calcium carbonate

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