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Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains
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Articles 3,145 Documents
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Epoksidasi Karet Alam Dengan Menggunakan Surfaktan Amonium Lauril Sulfat Sebagai Wetting Agent Donny Kurniawan; Nirwana Nirwana; Bahruddin Bahruddin
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 2, No 2 (2015): Wisuda Oktober Tahun 2015
Publisher : Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains

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Abstract

Epoxidation of natural rubber were tried to be produced under various conditions within in-situ epoxidation reaction. The use of ammonium lauryl sulphate (ALS) as wetting agent also the effect of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) amount and the reaction temperature were discussed. The molar ratio values of the isoprene units of natural rubber to formic acid and H2O2 was set at 1:1:1, 1:1:2, and 1:1:3 while the temperature was varied by 40, 50 and 60o C. ALS that been used were 1 phr within 100 ml Latex NR that contained 20,52% DRC. The process reaction were using a reactor with stirrer and water bath for five hours. The results were shown in spectroscopy FT-IR instrument. From the preparation, we know that the natural rubber that been used had the same rubber content compare to the previous researcher. The molar ratio and temperature variation that have been used were not succed to made epoxidation group in natural rubber. The function of ALS as wetting agent at the preparation were not worked enough, so the epoxidized were not produced.Keywords: ALS, formic acid, H2O2, in-situ epoxidation
Perengkahan Katalitik Palm Fatty Acid Distillate Menjadi Biofuel Menggunakan Katalis Natrium Karbonat Dengan Variasi Temperatur Dan Konsentrasi Katalis Natrium Karbonat Muhammad Yusro Annur; Yelmida Yelmida; Zultiniar Zultiniar
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 2, No 2 (2015): Wisuda Oktober Tahun 2015
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Abstract

Oil Fuel consumption in indonesia is very high and keep increasing every year, but not in balance with total supplies of fuel oil so biofuel as alternative fuel is needed. Biofuels can be produced by catalytic process palm fatty acids destilat (PFAD) using catalysts sodium carbonate (Na2CO3). The purpose of this research it to get highest yield in the process of making biofuel with variations of temperature (350oC – 430oC), concentration catalyst (0,5-2,5 % wt), weight feed PFAD 150 grams and flow rate of N2 150 ml/s. The results test of catalytic process obtained by conversion highest value of 37,66 % in temperature 410 oC and catalyst concentration Na2CO3 2% wt. wiht composition 38,37% gasoline, 12,79% kerosene and 30,61% diesel, while at catalyst concentration Na2CO3 1% wt. obtained yield 31,77% with composition 38,37% gasoline, 12,79% kerosene and 30,61% diesel. Dominant composition results in this research are kerosene and gasoline fraction.Keyword : Biofuel, Cracking, Gasoline, Kerosene, PFAD
Pengaruh Laju Alir Terhadap Substrat Pada Fermentasi Reject Nanas Menjadi Bioetanol Secara Kontinu Okky Rizky Sinaga; Adrianto Ahmad; Sri Rezeki Muria
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 2, No 2 (2015): Wisuda Oktober Tahun 2015
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Today, the world's need for energy is increasing while the supply of energy from fossil fuels that have been relied upon a limited number. Therefore, it is necessary that alternative energy sources are able to overcome the energy crisis. One of the alternative energy sources are being developed is bioethanol. Bioethanol can be produced by fermentation of glucose using the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. One of source of glucose is pineapple. This research aims to make bioethanol from pineapple fruit skin using continuous fermentation method with a flow rate variations. Fixed variable used is the 5-liter, pH 4.5, inoculum levels of 0.3%, 0.5% urea, phosphorus levels and temperature fermentation 0.08% used is room temperature. Variable changes used are changes in feed flow rate is 5 L / day; 2.5 L / day; 1.67 L / day; 1:25 L / day and 1L / day. Experimental procedure includes pretreatment, inoculation, fermentation and purification using a vacuum evaporator. Analysis performed is analyzing glucose and ethanol concentration analysis. The results were obtained concentration of ethanol in the steady state condition for the flow rate of 5L / day as much as 5% v / v; 2.5 L / day by 7% v / v; 1.67 L / day as much as 6.5% v / v; 1.25 L / day as much as 6% v / v; and 1 L / day as much as 4% v / v. The highest ethanol concentration was obtained at a flow rate of 2.5L / day as much as 7%. This study suggests that the concentration of ethanol fermentation results increases with the flow rate of the substrate to achieve the optimal flow rate then decreased after reaching the optimum flow rate.Keywords: bioethanol, continuous, pineapple skin, saccharomyces cerevisiae
Pengaruh Waktu Dan Suhu Pencampuran Terhadap Derajat Grafting Maleated Natural Rubber Dengan Inisiator Benzoil Peroksida Zuliarti, Indah; Khairat, Khairat; Bahruddin, Bahruddin
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 2, No 2 (2015): Wisuda Oktober Tahun 2015
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Maleated natural rubber is modification of natural rubber with grafting polar fungsional of maleic anhydride. This research aim to learning effect of the reaction temperature and reaction time modified MNR with benzoyl peroxide. Benzoyl peroxide was used to initiate the free radical graft copolymerization. Process produced Maleated Natural Rubber were modifed at internal mixer reaction temperature and reaction time, which are variated by 150o C, 155o C, 160o C, and 165o C of reaction temperature, and 8, 10, 12, 14 minutes of reaction time. Amount of MAH 8 phr and 60 rpm rotor rate of internal mixer. Quantities of the grafted anhydride (MA) were determined by titration of the methanol. Initiator benzoyl peroxide of the grafted anhydride on natural rubber relatif not effected. Increasing temperatur and time reaction also causes increasing levels grafting until point of optimum. The results showed the optimum temperature is 160oC and reaction time is 12 minutes. produced 4,75% grafting.Keywords : benzoyl peroxide, grafting , maleic anhydric, maleated natural rubber, temperature
Pengolahan Limbah Cair Logam Berat (Limbah B3) Secara Presipitasi Dan Koagulasi Di Upt pengujian Dinas pekerjaan Umum
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 2, No 2 (2015): Wisuda Oktober Tahun 2015
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Waste generated from the remainder of the testing BOD, COD, AAS and Organic Matter from a laboratory activity category B3 waste (hazardous and toxic materials) because they contain heavy metals that can pollute the environment and therefore the waste should not be thrown away immediately to the environment. This thesis aims to guide the initial processing of waste by the process of precipitation, neutralization with NaOH 26.36% w / w, coagulation and flocculation using PAC uses polymer. Where would perform variations of precipitant material is sulphide, carbonate and combined to see the effect of the concentration of heavy metal pollutants are dissolved heavy metals such as iron (Fe), cadmium (Cd), Ma ¬ with (Mn), chromium (Cr), Copper (Cu) , Cobalt (Co), Zinc (Zn), Lead (Pb) and Nickel (Ni) at baseline prior to treatment of waste on the concentration of pollutants after sewage treatment through each precipitation method and look for the best methods of precipitation. At the beginning of the test characteristics of heavy metal concentrations obtained its initial waste Cr at 40.5742 mg/L, 22.4494 mg/L Fe, Mn metal 2,8392 mg/L, 2,2239 mg/L Cu then, Pb 1.0957 mg/L, 0.6135 mg/L Zn metal, metallic Ni 0 , 4994 mg/L, 0.4795 mg/L Metals Co., and metals Cd <0.001 mg/L. Of the three methods of precipitation is done to reduce heavy metal pollutants derived precipitation method is the most well combined sulphide and carbonate precipitation where heavy metal test results end processing for metals cadmium (Cd) <0.001 mg/L, Copper (Cu) 0.4455 mg/L, iron (Fe ) 8.5263 mg/L, Manganese (Mn) 0.7292 mg/L, Lead (Pb) 0.6033 mg/L, zinc (Zn) 0.3076 mg/L, chromium (Cr) 0,026 mg/L, nickel (Ni) 0.2217 mg/L, Cobalt (Co) 0.1918 mg/L.Keywords: heavy metal waste treatment, laboratory wastes, precipitation.
Pembuatan Bioetanol Dari Limbah Tongkol Jagung Menggunakan Proses Simultaneous Sacharificatian And Fermentation (SSF) Dengan Variasi Konsentrasi Enzim Dan Waktu Fermentasi Zul Fadly Khaira; Elvi yenie; Sri Rezeki Muria
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 2, No 2 (2015): Wisuda Oktober Tahun 2015
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One of energy source alternative that can be used as a substitute for fossil fuel-based energy, is bioethanol. Bioethanol is biochemistry fluid from fermentation process of sugars by using microorganism. The raw material of bioethanol production is very diverse, like corn cob. Corn cob can be used as raw material for bioethanol production because contain of cellulose. This study aims to make bioethanol from corn cob with delignification process and using Simultaneous Saccharification and Fermentation (SSF) method with variation of cellulase enzyme are 3%, 5%, 7%, 9%, and 11% v/v substrate and fermentation duration are 72, 96, and 120 hours. From this research were obtained the highest bioethanol concentration is 8% on the addition of cellulase enzymes 11% v/v substrate with 72 hour fermentation time.Keyword: Bioethanol, delignification, SSF
Polimerisasi Ester Dari Asam Lemak Sawit Destilat (ALSD) Dengan Menggunakan Inisiator Benzoil Peroksida 0,2 % Liendra Juniarti; Irdoni Irdoni; Bahruddin Bahruddin
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 2, No 2 (2015): Wisuda Oktober Tahun 2015
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Palm Fatty Acid distillate (ALSD) as a byproduct the processing of palm oil has great potential to be used as raw material oil-based polymers. The aims of this research to study the process polymerization of ester from ALSD using initiator (benzoyl peroxide) 0.2%. The stage process consisted of three phases. The esterification stage was done at temperatur 70° C, reaction time of 120 minutes, reactant ratio 1: 8 (ALSD: methanol), concentration of catalyst (H2SO4) 1% (w/w) PFAD; polymerization stage was done at temperature 120, 130, and 140 ° C, concentration of initiator (benzoyl peroxide) 0.2% (w/w) and variation of polymerization reaction time 3, 4, and 5 hours, and polyesterification stage was done at temperature 175-200° C, ratio of reactants 1: 1 (polymerized methyl ester: ethylene glycol), and the reaction time of 4 hours. The results of polymerization was analyzed by using viscosity test, FT-IR and GCMS. The highest viscosity was 25,58 mPa.s at temperature 130° C and 5 hours. The result using FT-IR showed that the polymerization process was unsuccessful, this was indicated by the presence of the vinyl group. The result of GCMS showed there had been molecular weight addition in polymerization process, that was only twice the initial molecular weight.Keywords: benzoyl peroxide, esterification, palm fatty acid distillate, polymerization.
Kinetika Reaksi Sintesis Hidroksiapatit Dari Tulang Sapi Dengan Metode Presipitasi Deni Astika; Ahmad Fadli; Silvia Reni Yenty
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 2, No 2 (2015): Wisuda Oktober Tahun 2015
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Hydroxyapatite is one of kind bioceramics that can be use for implant in human body. Bioceramics hydroxyapatite was synthesized from bovine bones by using precipitation method. The purpose of this research was to determine the influence of temperature reaction to reduction concentration of calcium hydroxide and then to determine the kinetics reaction of synthesis hydroxiapatite from bovine bones by using precipitation method. Bovine bones was calcined at temperatures 1000℃ to produce calcium oxide (CaO). CaO was dissolved to distilled water and was mixed gently in to phosphoric acid (H3PO4) and then was heated. Then the filtrate tested by using complexometry to gain the concentration of calcium hydroxide. The result of kinetics reaction in synthesis hydroxiapatite from bovine bones by using precipitation method can by approaching to pseudo first order equations and pseudo second order. The reaction rate constants by using variation temperature can be approximated by using Arrhenius equation by value obtained are :k = 82,43e- (25382.64 / RT)Keywords : hydroxyapatite, precipitation, reaction kinetics, pseudo first order
Kajian Minyak Biji Picung Sebagai Bahan Baku Alternatif Pembuatan Biodiesel Dengan Katalis AL2O3 Setiadi, Fydel; Bahri, Syaiful; Helwani, Zuchra
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 2, No 2 (2015): Wisuda Oktober Tahun 2015
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Biodiesel is an alternative energy to replace fossil fuels. It can be made by transesterification process of vegetable oils. During the process of making biodiesel usually was used NaOH or KOH as homogeneous catalyst which has the disadvantage the formation of side products such as soaps and complexity of the separation of catalyst. Therefore, in this study Al2O3 catalyst is used. This research is aimed to make biodiesel from picung seed oil, having study the effect of Al2O3 catalyst concentration on the amount of biodiesel produced, and determine the best conditions for biodiesel production. This study starts from raw material preparation which includes drying, heating, and refinement. Furthermore, extraction the picung seed oil and followed by degumming to remove impurities contained in the oil. The transesterification process of oil was done at various variation of temperature i.e 50, 60, 70 °C respectively and the various variation of catalyst concentration i.e 1%, 2%, 3% respectively at methanol of oil mole ratio 9: 1. The process was stired at speed of 200 rpm and a reaction time of 240 minutes. From the result was obtained the highest biodiesel of 97,2% at the reaction temperature of 60 °C with concentration Al2O3 catalyst 2%.Keywords : Al2O3, biodiesel, picung seed oil, transesterification
Pembuatan Bio Oil Dari Kayu Cemara Laut (Causarina Equisetifolia L) Dengan Teknologi Pirolisis Menggunakan Katalis Ni/NZA Rahmansyah Rahmansyah; Syaiful Bahri; Amun Amri
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 2, No 2 (2015): Wisuda Oktober Tahun 2015
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The fundamental problem of national energy today is the tendency of fossil energy consumption increasing, which is not offset by the availability of fossil energy itself. So that the necessary strategic steps to face the energy challenge in the future with the development of renewable energy. One of them by converting biomass into bio oil through pyrolysis technology with the aid of a catalyst. The aims of this research was to produce bio oil from casuarina wood (Causarina equisetifolia L), knowing the physical and chemical characteristics of the bio oil from casuarina wood, determine the effect of supported Ni metal on resulting yield bio oil. Pyrolysis process uses 50 grams of casuarina wood (-100+200 mesh), the catalyst Ni/NZA with metal variation (0%, 2%, 3% w/w) and the variation amount (2%, 3%, 4% w/w), silinap 500 ml, carried out at a temperature 320 0C, stirring speed of 300 rpm by flowing nitrogen gas. The highest yield obtained on 2% of uses catalyst and 3% of Ni metal of 58,058%. Characteristics of the resulting bio oil, in the form of density 1,001 gr/mL, 6,761 cSt viscosity, acid number 17,760 mg NaOH/gr, and the flash point 48 oC.Keywords: bio oil, Causarina equisetifolia wood, Ni/NZA catalyst, pyrolysis

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