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Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains
Published by Universitas Riau
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Core Subject : Engineering,
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Articles 3,145 Documents
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Perengkahan Katalitik Limbah Plastik Jenis Polypropylene (PP) Menjadi Bahan Bakar Minyak Menggunakan Katalis Zeolit A Aldi Okta Priyatna; Zultiniar Zultiniar; Edy Saputra
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 2, No 2 (2015): Wisuda Oktober Tahun 2015
Publisher : Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains

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Abstract

Fly ash (FA) sample derived from Indonesia coal were used as raw material to synthesis A zeolite catalyst. The physicochemical properties of FA and A zeolite were characterized by atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Catalytic activity of A zeolite wastested in catalytic cracking of polypropylene plastic waste to obtain biofuel. It was found that the highest yield of biofuel obtained using 1.5% A zeolite catalyst with a temperature of 450oC for 60 minutes is 76.82%. In addition, physical properties of biofuel which are density, caloric value wereobtained 0.78 g/mL and 10.26 cal/g, respectively. For chemical compound, it was found that the most dominant was gasoline and kerosene-diesel with fraction percent of 39.80 and 32.65,respectively.Keywords : A Zeolite, Catalytic Cracking, Fuel, Plastic, Polypropylene
Pembuatan Biodiesel Dari Biji Kapuk (Ceiba Pentandra) Dengan Katalis Padat H-Zeolit Afrielyanda H; Syaiful Bahri; Khairat Khairat
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 2, No 2 (2015): Wisuda Oktober Tahun 2015
Publisher : Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains

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Abstract

Biodiesel as alternative diesel fuel made from renewable biological resources, such as vegetable oils and animal fats. In Indonesia, the fuel consumption is increasing every year, so often there is a shortage of fuel. Therefore, the latest innovations necessary to produce alternative energy such as biodiesel. In this research, the conversion of cotton seed oil to biodiesel was performed by using catalyst "H-zeolite". First, cotton seed is dried whole day in order to reduce the water content and then extracted using a solvent n-hexane. Then separate the solvent with oil until the oil obtained pure. Afterwards, cotton seed oil is converted into biodiesel using transesterification reaction with methanol as reagent and H-zeolite catalyst. Transesterification reaction is carried out at 600C temperature operating conditions, the stirring speed of 200 rpm and reaction time of 200 minutes. To get the maximum biodiesel, using variation the molar ratio of cotton seed oil and methanol (1: 3; 1: 6; 1: 9), the variation of the catalyst (1%, 2%, 3% w/w) were performed in this research . The results showed maximum biodiesel conversion of about 79.35%, the molar ratio of cotton seed oil and methanol 1: 9 and catalyst 2% of the total amount of oil. Based on the analysis of physical properties of biodiesel has a density of 859 kg / m3, 5.60 cSt viscosity, acid number 0.561 mg-KOH / g sample. In addition, analysis of the chemical properties of biodiesel from cotton seed oil using GC - MS.Keywords : Cotton seed oils, Biodiessel, H-zeolit catalyst, Transesterification reaction.
Pencucian Membran Ultrafiltrasi Menggunakan Bahan Kimia NaOH Dan Surfaktan 5512 Pada Proses Penyaringan Air Terproduksi Ritonga, Desrinayanti; Daud, Syarfi; Elystia, Shinta
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 2, No 2 (2015): Wisuda Oktober Tahun 2015
Publisher : Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains

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Abstract

Water produced is the result of processing of petroleum that were uplifted to the surface with oil and gas, whose number is greather than the generated oil content. Produced water that goes in to a body of water without going through the very first processing has the potential to cause pollution of the environment. One of the technologies that are to manipulate the water produced using technology such as membrane. The toughest challenge in membrane technology is the fouling. This research to study the transmembrane pressure against flux, determine the effectiveness and efficiency of the concentration of NaOH and Surfactant chemistry wash of flux recovery and resistance removal in the process of ultrafiltrasi membrane technology in water filtration process produced and to get clean water from a water filtration process results produced using ultrafiltrasi membrane. The experiment was conducted using ultrafiltration membranes by feeding produced water. The method used is cross flow system by varying the operating pressure of 0,2, 0,4, and 0,6 bar, variations in the concentration of NaOH and Surfactant 1,5%, 2,0%, and 2,5%. Filtration process of produced water lasted for 180 minutes and each leaching time is 30 minutes, the highest effectiveness rate of 60,65% obtained by using surfactant 2,5%, the highest leaching efficiency based on flux recovery value is 98,87% and 60,66% for removal resistance. The highest flux value after chemical cleaning leaching obtained 1,501 ml/menit. in transmembrane pressure of 0,6 bar and the concentration of the surfactant, Where is the longer permeat through the membran with pressure so the smaller the resulting flux.Keywords: produced water; cross flow; flux recovery; membrane ultrafiltrasi; resistance removal
Pengaruh Rasio Ca/P Dan pH Pada Sintesa Hidroksiapatit Dari Kulit Kerang Darah Dengan Metode Hidrotermal Suhu Rendah Pancasila Putri; Ahmad Fadli; Fajril Akbar
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 2, No 2 (2015): Wisuda Oktober Tahun 2015
Publisher : Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains

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Abstract

Hydroxyapatite (HA) is widely used types of biomaterials for bone implants, surgery hard tissue and bone regeneration. The purpose of this research was to determine the effect of Ca/Pratio and pH on the synthesis of hydroxyapatite from sea shells with a low temperature hydrothermal method. CaO powder produced through calcination process of sea shells at atemperature of 1000°C for 24 hours. Then CaO powder as much as 45.91 grams dissolved in 600 ml of water and NH4H2PO4 added with ratio Ca/P 0.67, 1.67 and 2.67 and pH adjusted with variation 4, 6 and 9, then heated at 90°C until form a pasta. The pasta is then dried in the oven at 120°C and calcined at a temperature of 900°C for 1 hour. The results showed that increasing the ratio Ca/P and pH causes the diameter of HA crystals formed smaller with diameter at ratio Ca/P 2,67 and pH 9 was 52,32 nm. FTIR analysis showed peaks of PO4 3- and OH- that means the hydroxyapatite is formed. HA at ratio Ca/P 2,67 and pH 9 had the biggest %yield that was 77,73%.Keywords: Hydrothermal, Hydroxyapatite, Sea shells.
Pembuatan Biodiesel Dari Sawit Off-Grade Dengan Proses Dua Tahap Rahmawati Rahmawati; Zuchra Helwani; Yelmida A
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 2, No 2 (2015): Wisuda Oktober Tahun 2015
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Abstract

Off-grade palm oil is a source of untapped vegetable oil. Off-grade palm oil can be used as an alternative raw material for biodiesel production despite having high content Free Fatty Acid (> 5%). Plant with a capacity of 30 tones of FFB yield 7-10% off-grade palm oil or 2-3 tons per hour. The catalyst used is potassium hydroxide because it has smaller ionization energy, making it faster to form a product when used as a catalyst. This research aims to produce biodiesel from low-quality raw materials and determine the effectiveness of the process by looking at the effect of process conditions such as reaction temperature, molar ratio and catalyst concentration on the yield of biodiesel. The biodiesel making process was carried out with two stages of the reaction, esterification and transesterification reactions due to high content of free fatty acid in the raw material. Data processing in this study was analyzed by response surface methodology (RSM) using Design Expert 8.0 program. Experiment runs were determined by central composite design (CCD), which consists of three variables, namely temperature, catalyst concentration and molar ratio of methanol to oil. The highest biodiesel yield was 88.56% (%wt) obtained under the conditions of reaction temperature 60 °C, the molar ratio of methanol to oil 8:1 and the concentration of 1% KOH base catalyst. The characteristics of biodiesel produced in the form of density, kinematic viscosity, acid number and flash point are in accordance with the standards of Indonesian biodiesel. Catalyst concentration have a significant influence on the yield of biodiesel.Keyword : off-grade palm oil, biodiesel, base catalyst, esterification and transesterification
Isolasi Lignin Dari Jerami Padi Dengan Metoda Klason Hotni Lamtiar; Elvi Yenie; Yelmida Yelmida
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 2, No 2 (2015): Wisuda Oktober Tahun 2015
Publisher : Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains

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Lignine is a complex polimer with high molecular weight which compiled of fenilpropane units. This study aims to know concentration of NaOH influence and delignification time of rice straw influence againts sucrose content of rice straw. Analysis of lignine purity using Klason Method. Isolation of waste rice straw are extraction, hydrolysis, delignification, and purity by using Klason Method. Extraction process be done on variety ofNaOH catalyst concentration (4%, 6%, 8%) in hydrolisis process and delignification time (1 hour, 11/2 hour, and 2 hour) . The best hydrolisis result is 8%, the best delinification time is 1 jam with concentration 8% NaOH in the process of ripening and the highest purity of lignine is 3,14%. The result of delignification will be analized its lignine concentration usingfor Fourier Transform Infra Red (FTIR) to know its function cluster.Keywords: Delignification, Extraction, FTIR, Hydrolisis, Rice Straw, Lignine, Klason Method
Pembuatan Bioetanol Dari Limbah Tongkol Jagung Menggunakan Proses Simultaneous Sacharificatian and Fermentation (SSF) Dengan Variasi Konsentrasi Enzim Dan Waktu Fermentasi Elgina May Lestari; Elvi Yenie; Sri Rezeki Muria
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 2, No 2 (2015): Wisuda Oktober Tahun 2015
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One of energy source alternative that can be used as a substitute for fossil fuel-based energy, is bioethanol. Bioethanol is biochemistry fluid from fermentation process of sugars by using microorganism. The raw material of bioethanol production is very diverse, like corn cob. Corn cob can be used as raw material for bioethanol production because contain of cellulose. This study aims to make bioethanol from corn cob with Sacharificatian Simultaneous and Fermentation (SSF) process with cellulase enzyme variation are 3%, 5%, 7%, 9%, and 11% v/v substrate and fermentation time are 3, 4, and 5 days. From the research is obtained the highest bioethanol concentration is 5% on the addition of cellulase enzymes 11% v/v substrate with 3 days fermentation time.Keyword: Bioethanol, Corn cob, Cellulase, SSF
Proteksi Katodik Dengan Menggunakan Anoda Korban Pada Struktur Baja Karbon Dalam Larutan Natrium Klorida Rahmat Ilham; Komalasari Komalasari; Rozanna Sri Irianty
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 2, No 2 (2015): Wisuda Oktober Tahun 2015
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Abstract

Pipe installation of oil and gas processing are located on land or at sea are generally made of carbon steel are susceptible to corrosion by the environment. A system to protect the corrosion of carbon steel is a sacrificial anode cathodic protection. Sample material used is low carbon steel with aluminum and zinc sacrificial anodes.Test condensation used is NaCl at a concentration of 500 ppm, 5.000 ppm, 15.000 ppm and 30.000 ppm then performed by varying the distance between the anode and cathode at a distance of 2 cm,3 cm and 4 cm. The results using the sacrificial anode aluminum and zinc. Where the best results in the sacrificial anode aluminum with carbon steel corrosion rate of 1,08 mpy for NaCl concentration of 500 ppm with the distance between electrodes 2 cm.Keywords: sacrificial anode, NaCl, corrosion rate, cathodik protection.
Pembuatan Karbon Aktif Dari Kulit Durian Sebagai Adsorbent Logam Fe Febriansyah, Beni; Chairul, Chairul; Yenti, Silvia Reni
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 2, No 2 (2015): Wisuda Oktober Tahun 2015
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Durian peel is known as the waste that can pollute the environment. One effort to improve the economic value of the durian skin can be done with the process into activated carbon. This study aims to obtain optimum conditions for the use of activators of Kaliaum Hidroksida on the quality of activated carbon and activated carbon absorption of Fe metal. Activated carbon is made via two processes, namely the process of carbonization and activation at 320oC temperature with a solution of Kalium Hidroksida by varying the massa aktif carbon1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, dan 3 gr and adsorb time30, 60, 90, dan 120 menit. To determine the quality of activated carbon, activated carbon characteristics tested, such as moisture content, ash content, and the absorption of iodine. The results showed that the characteristics of activated charcoal SNI 06-3730-1995 meets the standards the water content of 14.12%, 5.46% ash content and absorption of I2 solution of 580.27 mg / g in adsorbing metals Fe. Application of Fe metal adsorption by activated carbon from durian skin with 3 grams of carbon mass variation and contact time of 90 minutes where the adsorption efficiency is 96.75%.Keywords: activated carbon, durian skin, potassium hydroxide
Fermentasi Nira Nipah Menjadi Bioetanol Menggunakan Saccharomyces Cerevisiae Dengan Penambahan Urea Sebagai Sumber Nitrogen Rahmah, Yulia; Bahri, Syaiful; Chairul, Chairul
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 2, No 2 (2015): Wisuda Oktober Tahun 2015
Publisher : Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains

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Nypa is one of biomass wich has a potential to be converted into bioethanol. Bioethanol produced through the process of fermentation of glucose with the help of a microorganism. In this research, nypa sap was converted to be bioethanol using Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The purpose of this researches were doing the fermentation of nypa sap to produce bioethanol, to study the influence of the addition nitrogen source in the fermentation process, and obtain the optimum fermentation time to bioethanol production. The sequances of this research were preparation of material, equipment sterilization, making the starter (inoculum), making the medium fermentation and fermentation process. Fermentation takes place in batches with a volume of 2 liters of fermentation medium. Variation of urea were used 0,2; 0,4; 0,6; and 0,8 g/l, variation of fermentation time were 24, 36, 58, 60, and 72 hours. Temperature fermentation was occured at room temperatur (25 – 30oC). Ethanol concentration was analyzed by using Gas Chromatography. The highest bioethanol concentration was 7,12% at variation of urea 0,6 g/l and fermentation time 36 hours.Keywords : bioethanol, fermentation, nypa sap, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, urea

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