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Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains
Published by Universitas Riau
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Core Subject : Engineering,
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Articles 3,145 Documents
 68   69   70   71   72 
Sintesis Bio-Pelumas Dari Minyak Limbah Ikan Patin Pada Pengaruh Rasio Mol Dan Waktu Reaksi Noferi Yanli; Irdoni Irdoni; Nirwana Nirwana
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 3, No 1 (2016): Wisuda Februari Tahun 2016
Publisher : Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains

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Abstract

Bio-lubricant synthesis from catfish waste oil is purposed to modify the useless oil to be a bio-lubricant. That function’s is to protect the engine component from wear. Esterification with ethylene glycol toward acid from catfish waste oil hydrolysis with mole ratio 1:4 for 4 hours, with variation of temperature and mixing speed. The waste extracted by rendering, oil’s boiling point is 270oC, the viscosity is 15,69 mPa s. The oil hydrolyzed at 80 oC with adding of HCl concentrated catalyst 0,1% weight/weight for 8 hours and produce the acid. That’s polymerized by adding benzoyl peroxide as 0,2% for 5 hours at 120 oC. Then, polyestherification by adding ethylene glycol in mole ratios of 1:4, for 4 hours at 120 oC, 150 oC, 1800C, and mixing speed at 150 rpm, 180 rpm, and 210 rpm. The resulting has its density, it’s 0,942 gr/m, viscosity is 61,081 mPa.s, flame point is 290,5oC, boiling point is 290 oC with yield of 66,5%. The product has a commercial standard (density is 0,92 gr/ml and viscosity is >41,1 mPa.s). The best result from this research was obtained by mole ratio 1:4 for 4 hours; the mixing speed is 150 rpm at 150oC.Keywords: bio-lubricants, waste oil catfish
Kinetika Sintesis Hidroksiapatit Menggunakan Metode Hidrotermal Suhu Rendah Dengan Pendekatan Shrinking Core Model Nurul Afifah; Ahmad Fadli; Edy Saputra
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 3, No 1 (2016): Wisuda Februari Tahun 2016
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Hydroxyapatite (HA) is a ceramic that can be used as bone implants and teeth. Hydroxyapatite can be synthesized from Calcium Oxyde (CaO) commercial reacted by ammonium dihydrogen phosphate (NH4H2PO4). The purpose of this research are to determine the effect of time and temperature on characteristic of HA synthesis by low temperature hydrothermal method as well as to determine the kinetics model of HA synthesis by using the approach of shrinking core models. There are 3 models are used, the diffusion through liquid film, diffusion through HA layer, and chemical reactions. The procedure was started with synthesized 36.9 gr NH4H2PO4 was dissolved in 600 mL of water and then added 30 gr CaO with temperature of 70°C, 80°C, 90°C and reaction time of 10 minutes - 480 minutes. The mixture was stirred rate of 300 rpm until paste formed. Then the paste was dried in the oven at temperature 120°C for 12 hours and calcined at a temperature of 900oC for 1 hour. The results of this research showed that obtained products were containing 97% HA. The best of kinetic model that described HA synthesis was model of diffusion through HA layer , with formula:Keywords: hydroxyapatite, hydrothermal, CaO, kinetics model, shrinking core.
Pembuatan Prototip Dye Sensitized Solar Cell (DSSC) Menggunakan Dye Ekstrak Buah Senduduk (Melastoma Malabathricum L) Dengan Variasi Fraksi Pelarut Dan Lama Perendaman Coating TiO2 Fitria, Anisa; Amri, Amun; Fadli, Ahmad
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 3, No 1 (2016): Wisuda Februari Tahun 2016
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Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell (DSSC) is a solar cell unit that work based on electrochemical principle which convert the sun radiation into electricity. DSSC uses TiO2 semiconductor material for coating with spin coating method. The purpose of this research is to make a DSSC prototype using of Malabar melastome fruit (Melastoma Malabathricum L.) as dye and also to observe the impact of water’s volume and soaking duration of TiO2 coating on the produced voltage. The DSSC is constructed with a layering system (sandwich) which consists of working electrode and counter electrode. The working electrode is made by using FTO glass (2.5 x 2.5 cm2) which is coated with TiO2 paste that made by mixing 0.5 gram TiO2 powder in 4 ml ethan ol (1:8). The electrode is sintered under temperature in 350oC for 15 minutes and then soaked in dye liquid with volume of solvent fraction in dye dilution which are ; without dilution (100%); diluted once (50%); and diluted twice (25%) for about 10 minutes, 2 hours and 24 hours. This electrode is then given two droplets of 0.05 M electrolyte. After that the counter electrode is made by using FTO glass coated with carbon from candle’s fire. The fabrication of DSSC is done by sticking both of the FTO glasses up. Melastome Malabar extract as dye is shown to contain anthocyanin, proven with a maximum wavelength of 515 nm. DSSC prototype generated by variation of 24 hours dye soaking duration and without dilution (100%) gave the highest voltage with the solar energy-to-electricity conversion of 1.026 volt/cm2 and when illuminated with LED lamp gave 0.595 volt/cm2. The morphology of TiO2 layer show a porous surface that is conducive to the absorption of dye. The level of adhesion obtained from the best samples showed good adhesion qualities (3B)Keywords: DSSC, LED, melastome malabar l, sunlight, voltage
Pirolisis Kayu Ketapang (Terminalia Catappal) Menjadi Bio-Oil Dengan Katalis Mo/Lempung Cengar Feby Pratama Nugraha; Syaiful Bahri; Amun Amri
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 3, No 1 (2016): Wisuda Februari Tahun 2016
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The demand for renewable energy to adequate human energy continue to increase. Currently, the main energy source in the world is a fossil fuel. So, we need alternative energy instead of petroleum. Biomass can be used as a bio-oil by pyrolysis. The wood can be used as raw materials of bio-oil is not a superior product and its rapid growth, these requirements exist in ketapang tree (Terminalia catappa L.).The purpose of this research is to make bio-oil from ketapang tree using a catalyst Mo/clay by pyrolysis process, as well as test physical properties of the bio-oil, and to determine the effect of variation the carrier of the catalyst metal catalyst weight variations against of biomass. In this research ketapang tree by the size of -100+200 mesh, 50 grams, 500 ml silinap and catalyst Mo / clay inserted into of pyrolysis reactor. This process conducted at a temperature 320oC and the stirring speed of 300 rpm operate for about 120 minutes by flowing nitrogen gas. For the optimum yields obtained at 1.5% catalyst Mo/clay as much as 7% of biomass that is equal to 70,35%. The test results physical properties obtained density of 1.005 g/ml, 2.14 cSt viscosity, acidity 46.17 mg NaOH /g sample and the flash point 49oC. Results of analysis compound chemical using GC-MS, obtained the dominant chemical components in the bio-oil is Methyl 2-Hydroxybutyrate (16,79%); Methyl acetate (5,66%); 1-hydroxy-,2-Propanone (12,96%) ; Acetic acid (31,53%).Keywords: biomass, bio-oil, catalyst mo/clay, ketapang,Terminalia Catappa, pyrolysis
Sintesis Zeolit 4A Menggunakan Abu Limbah Sawit Variasi NaOH Sebagai Pelebur Serta Variasi Volume Natrium Silikat Dan Natrium Aluminat Mimin lestari; Fajril Akbar; Silvia Reni Yenti
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 3, No 1 (2016): Wisuda Februari Tahun 2016
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Zeolite 4A is one of synthetic zeolite which is used as ion exchange. This zeolite can be synthesized from silica and alumina. In this reaearch , palm ash used as a source of silica. The aims of this research is produce zeolite 4A using palm ash and obtain the optimum process condition of synthesis zeolite 4A. The fusion of palm ash was done in furnace at temperature 500 ᴼC for 5 minutes with various of palm ash:NaOH (25:30 , 25:50 and 25:75 gram/gram). Synthesis perfomed with variation of ratio volume sodium silicate and sodium aluminate (55:45, 60:40 and 65:35 mL/mL). The product was characterized using spectrophotometry fourier transform infra red (FTIR) and X ray diffraction (XRD). Based on the result of characterization, the terbaik process condition was obtained at each variation that is the fusion of palm ash at ratio palm ash:NaOH 25:30 gram/gram and ratio volume sodium silicate and sodium aluminate 65:35 mL/mL.Keyword : palm ash, spectrophotometry FTIR, XRD, zeolite 4A
Produksi Bioetanol Dari Pati Sorgum Dengan Penambahan Tween 80 Dan Ekstrak Cordyceps Sinesis Myecelium : Variasi Konsentrasi Inokulum Bonita Esther FS; Elvi Yenie; Sri Rezeki Muria
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 3, No 1 (2016): Wisuda Februari Tahun 2016
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Energy demands are still dependent on fossil fuels such as oil, coal and gas lead to the depletion of fossil resources (oil, natural gas, and coal). To overcome the dependence onfossil fuels, sorghum starch conversion into bioethanol as a renewable energy. In this research, sorghum starch saccharification process using enzymes α-amylase andglucoamylase and fermented by Saccharomyces cerevisiae using the method of simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) with addition of tween 80 and Cordyceps sinensis mycelium extract as supplement. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of inoculum concentration and time of the acquisition bioethanol fermentation, fermentation was conducted in a 2L fermentor with variations of fermentation time: 24, 48, 72, and 96 hours and concentrations inoculum 2% (w/v), and 2.5% (w/v) with the addition of tween 80 0,2% (v/v) and Cordyceps sinensis mycelium extract as much as 0.5 gr/l. The higherconcentration of inoculum, the more the number of cells and the higher the bioethanol yield while the residual sugar content produced less and less at the end of fermentation. Sorghumstarch fermentation process produces the best conditions on the inoculum concentration of 2.5% (w/v) and fermentation time 72 hours with bioethanol about 1,320 (%v/v).Key words: α-amylase, bioethanol, cordyceps sinensis mycelium, glucoamylase, saccharomyces cerevisiae, simultaneous saccharification and fermentation, tween 80
Pembuatan Trikalsium Fosfat Berpori Menggunakan Metode Protein Foaming-Starch Consolidation Dengan Variasi Penambahan Jumlah TCP Dalam Slurry Dan Kecepatan Pengadukan Lia Yuningsih; Ahmad Fadli; Irdoni Irdoni
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 3, No 1 (2016): Wisuda Februari Tahun 2016
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Tricalcium phosphate (TCP) has been widely used as a bone substitute material and teeth because it is biocompatible and similar to the mineral structure of human bone. Porous Tricalcium phosphate (TCP) was made by protein foaming-starch consolidation method by using egg white as a pore-forming agent and starch like sago flour as the consolidator. The purpose of this research is to study the effect of stirring rate and addition of TCP in slurry on the physical, chemical and mechanical properties of porous TCP. This research was began by mixing TCP, egg whites, starch and Darvan 821 A by certain composition and then stirred for 3 hours with stirring rate of 100.150 and 200 rpm. The slurry was poured into a mold and dried in an oven at 180oC for 1 hour. Then the samples removed from the mold to produce green bodies. Afterthat, the green bodies were burned at 600 oC and followed by sintering at 1100oC with rate of 2oC/min for 2 hours. This research result shows the porosity of porous TCP bodies increased with increasing stirring rate, but the compressive strength decreased. The addition of TCP in the body was found to increase the compressive strength when the porosity decreased . The TCP with a porosity of 66.67 to 72.77 % and 0,75 to 1,08 MPa compressive strength were found at stirring rate of 100 rpm. Meanwhile, the stirring rate of 200 rpm, the TCP has a porosity from 68,13 to 76,92% obtained 0.68 to 1 MPa compressive strength. Keyword : compressive strength, egg white, porosity,tricalcium phosphate
Model Kesetimbangan Pada Adsorpsi Ion Kadmium (Cd2+) Menggunakan Hidroksiapatit Dengan Variasi Konsentrasi Cd2+ Dan Dosis Adsorben Fifiyana, Rahma; Fadli, Ahmad; Drastinawati, Drastinawati
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 3, No 1 (2016): Wisuda Februari Tahun 2016
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Release of ion Cadmium (Cd2+) onto water as result of industrial activities and its waste stream causes a negative impact for environment and human health. One of method that used for heavy metal removal is adsorption process. The purpose of this research was to adsorb ion Cd2+ by Hydroxyapatite (HAp) with initial concentration and adsorbent dosage variations then determine the appropriate using Langmuir, Freundlich and DKR isotherm models. In this research, the adsorption behavior of hydroxyapatite with respect to Cd2+ has been studied in order consider its application to purity metal finishing wastewater. Surface area of HAp obtained from the BET method was 6,68 m2/g. The batch adsorption method has been employed, using metal concentration in solution ranging from 20 to 40 mg/L. And dosage adsorbent ranging from 1 to 2 g/L. Cd2+ concentration in the solution was analyzed using AAS. The Langmuir, Freundlich and Dubinin- Kaganer- Radushkevich (DKR) isotherms applied in this study. The adsorption data follow the adsorption equilibrium described well by the DKR isotherm model with adsorption energy value (E) ranging from 8,45-11,18 kJ/mol. It was explained that ion exchange described as mechanism for adsorption of Cd2+ onto HAp.Keywords: adsorption, cadmium (Cd), equilibrium model, hydroxyapatite
Pengaruh Penambahan Trikalsium Fosfat Dan Jenis Starch Pada Pembuatan Biokeramik Berpori Menggunakan Metode Starch Consolidation Yuliestri, Erika Rezi; Yenti, Silvia Reni
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 3, No 1 (2016): Wisuda Februari Tahun 2016
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Tricalcium phosphate (TCP) is one of the compound of hard tissues the human body that can be applied in the medical. One of technique for making porous tricalcium phosphate is starch consolidation method. The objective of this research is to study effect of adding tricalcium phosphate and starch type of porous tricalcium phosphate. This research was conducted in mixing tricalcium phosphate powder as much as 6 ; 7 ; and 8 gram with 3 gram of sago starch or corn starch, as well as 10 ml aquadest. The slurry was stirred for 1 hour and dried in oven at oven 80˚C for 24 hours and 120˚C for 8 hours. The dryed green bodies were burnt at a temperature of 600˚C and sintered at a temperature of 1300˚C. Porous tricalcium phospate prepared using corn starch has a higher compressive strength than the porous tricalcium phospate using sago starch. The addition of tricalcium phosphate result in smaller porosity and density as well as greater shrinkage and also higher compressive strength. Sintered tricalcium phosphate bodies shows that the shrinkage in the range of 47,66–62,31%, porosity 23,81-32,07%, density 0,67-0,76 gr/cm3compressive strength 2,87-3,71 MPa.Keywords: Compressive strength; Porosity; Starch; Tricalcium phosphate
Coating Hidroksiapatit Pada Logam Stainless Steel 316L Menggunakan Metode DIP Coating Dengan Variabel Temperatur Sintering Dan Komposisi Air Dalam Suspensi Putri Arini; Ahmad Fadli; Amun Amri
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 3, No 1 (2016): Wisuda Februari Tahun 2016
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Abstract

Stainless Steel 316L is metal that can be used as a bone plate, but it has low biocompatibility. To achieve better biocompatibility with bone, Stainless Steel 316L can be coated with hydroxyapatite. Hydroxyapatite (HA) is the main inorganic phase of human bone with a composition around 65% of our bone. Dip coating techniques was used to applyhydroxyapatite into Stainless Steel 316L. Stainless Steel 316L with a size of 2x1x0,1 cm was dipped into a suspension containing HA, sago starch and water mixed with a rate of 250 rpm for 20 hours. Suspension were prepared with compositions 16 gram, 18 gram and 20 gram aquadest. And then coating HA were dried in oven at temperature 110 °C for 30 minutes.Coating HA were sintered at temperatures of 600°C, 700°C and 800 °C for 1 hour. SEM observation showed that the thickness of HA coating composition of 20 gram, 18 gram and16 gram increased in the range of 42 – 144 μm. Maximum shear strength obtained in this research was 11,78 MPa.Keywords : Coating, Dip Coating, Hydroxyapatite, Stainless Steel 316L

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