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Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains
Published by Universitas Riau
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Core Subject : Engineering,
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Articles 3,145 Documents
 89   90   91   92   93 
Pengaruh Diameter Dan Panjang Serat Pelepah Sawit Terhadap Sifat Dan Morfologi Wood Plastic Composit (WPC) Siti Sakinah; Bahruddin Bahruddin; Zultiniar Zultiniar
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 3, No 2 (2016): Wisuda Oktober Tahun 2016
Publisher : Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains

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Abstract

The length and diameter of the fibers of palm frond is one of the factors that affect the physical and mechanical properties of the material WPC. This study aims to determine the effect of fiber diameter and length of the palm fronds to the properties and morphology of wood plastic composite (WPC). WPC samples prepared by the method of melt blending the fibers of palm fronds, PP, Maleated polypropylene (MAPP), and paraffin for 65 minutes at a temperature of 170 ° C and a rotor speed of 80 rpm using the Internal Mixer. The length and diameter of the fibers of palm fronds used is ± 1 mm, 1 cm and 5 cm in diameter filler: - 40 ~ + 60 mesh, - 60 ~ + 80 mesh and - 80 ~ + 100 mesh. While the ratio of the weight ratio of PP / fiber palm fronds are 50/50 and 70/30. The test results showed that the best mechanical properties resulting in a length of 1 mm and the diameter of the fiber - 80 ~ + 100 mesh at a ratio of polypropylene / palm frond fibers 70/30 with a value of 16.44 MPa tensile strength and flexural strength 31.21 MPa. In testing the physical properties of the best value generated with the water content value of 8,61%, the absorption value of 1.78%, the highest density value of 0.99 g /cm3 and thickness swelling lowest value of 0.33%, while in the SEM testing, interaction between filler and matrix are still lacking thus forming agglomeration as a result of the fiber and the matrix material evenly mixed at WPC.Keywords: fiber diameter, fiber length, physical, mechanical, morphological, wood plastic composite
Pengaruh Kadar Selulosa Pelepah Sawit Terhadap Sifat Dan Morfologi Wood Plastic Composite (WPC) Yusnila Halawa; Bahruddin Bahruddin; Irdoni Irdoni
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 3, No 2 (2016): Wisuda Oktober Tahun 2016
Publisher : Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains

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Abstract

Cellulose is one of components that contained in palm frond fibers. Cellulose is a polymer which has a molecular average weight, polydispersity and has a long chain that is used as supporting material in manufacturing Wood Plastic Composite (WPC). The purpose of this research is to determine the effect of palm midrib cellulose content to the properties and morphology of WPC. WPC samples prepared by the method of melt blending the fibers of palm midrib (SPS), polypropylene (PP), Maleated polypropylene (MAPP), and paraffin for 1 hour at a temperature of 170 ° C and a rotor speed of 80 rpm using the Internal Mixer. The size of the palm frond fibers used are 40 mesh with the composition of the SPS / PP is 50/50 and 30/70. While the ratio comparison MAPP / cellulose is 0%, 2% and 5% and the cellulose of 41.86%, 52.86% and 56.24%. The test includes testing of the mechanical properties are tensile strength and flexural strength, while physical properties include density, moisture content, water absorption and thickness swelling. Test of morphology using a scanning electron microscopy. The test results showed that the best mechanical properties resulting in a ratio SPS / PP 50/50, cellulose MAPP 0% and 56.24%, with a tensile strength of 10.1 MPa and 27.0 MPa flexural strength. While the physical properties testing are the highest density of 1.511 gr/cm3, best absorption at 0.05%, the water content of 0.01% and a thickness swelling of 0.05%.Keywords: maleated polypropylene, morphology, polypropylene, cellulose, wood plastic composite
Produksi Biodiesel Dari Minyak Sawit Off Grade Menggunakan Katalis Na2O/Fe3O4 Pada Tahap Transesterifikasi Widya Yoesepha; Zuchra Helwani; Edy Saputra
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 3, No 2 (2016): Wisuda Oktober Tahun 2016
Publisher : Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains

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Abstract

Palm oil off grade is one of feedstock biodiesel from preparation of over done and decomposed palm oil. This palm oil off grade have >5% free fatty acid composition, therefore need two process to produce biodiesel that is esterification dan transesterification. The purpose of this research is to produce heterogen basic catalyst from iron powder impregnation with Na2O and study the effect of condition process variation. The variation of transesterification process is temperature (50oC, 60oC and 70oC), mole ratio of oil : methanol (1:6, 1:8 and 1:10) and catalyst concentration (1%-wt, 2%-wt and 3%-wt) as long as 3 hours. The result of this research was processed with Response Surface Methodology (RSM) and the number of steps was determined by Central Composite Design (CCD). The highest yield of biodiesel is 79,52% at temperature60oC, mole ratio oil : methanol 1:8 and catalyst concentration 2%-wt. The result showed that the catalyst concentration influencing the yield of biodiesel.Keywords: biodiesel, heterogen catalyst, palm oil off grade, response surface methodology, transesterification
Penentuan Daya Jerap Karbon Aktif Dari Meranti Merah Terhadap Ion Fe(III) Yusra, Arif; Yusnimar, Yusnimar; Drastinawati, Drastinawati
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 3, No 2 (2016): Wisuda Oktober Tahun 2016
Publisher : Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains

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Abstract

Waste pollution of heavy metals in the waters continue to rise each year. this may endanger the survival of living creatures that are in the vicinity. One of contributor of the heavy metalwaste in the waters is the result of discharges of industrial waste. Activated carbon which has a high adsorption capacity for the adsorbate. Activated carbon can be produced from materials containing carbon or charcoal was treated in a certain way to gain more surface area. The purpose of this research was to determine the ability of activated carbon adsorption of the ion Fe (III) which in the synthesis of red meranti. This research used two methods of activation that chemical activation with activator concentration variation Na2CO3 4%, 5% and 6% w/v, and physical activation with temperature variation of 300 0C, 500 0C and 700 0C. The characterization of activated carbon which include: moisture content, ash content and adsorption capacity for iodine based Standard SNI 06-3730-95, and determining the ability of activated carbon jerap against ion Fe (III) at concentrations of 20 ppm. Theresults obtained by the characteristics of the activated carbon 06-3730-95 meet SNI standards. Adsorption capacity of active carbon on ion Fe(III) has maximal value at 99.745% physic way with temperature at 300 0CKeywords : Activation , Ion Fe (III), Activated Carbon
Kinetika Adsorpsi Pada Penjerapan Ion Timbal Pb2+ Terlarut Dalam Air Menggunakan Partikel Tricalcium Phosphate Maihendra, Maihendra; Fadli, Ahmad; Zultiniar, Zultiniar
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 3, No 2 (2016): Wisuda Oktober Tahun 2016
Publisher : Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains

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One of the heavy metals can pollute the water is metal ion of Pb2+. Concentration of ions Pb2+ can be removed by adsorption method. The purposes of tihis research are to observe the effect of temperature and adsorbent dosage on the adsorption of metal ion Pb2+ using tricalcium phosphate (TCP) adsorben and determine a suitable adsorption kinetic model. Five hundred mililiter Pb2+ solution with of 3mg/L were added 0,5 gr, 1 gr and 1,5 gr of TCP in a glass beaker and stirred with rate of 300 rpm at a temperature of 30 oC. Pb solution was taken at a certain time, the solution centrifuged and supernatant analyzed by AAS. The result Showed that rate of adsorption increased with temperature and adsorbent dosage. Minimum constant value of adsorption kinetic of adsorption kinetic was 1,720 g/mg.min obtained at temperature 30oC and adsorbent dosage 0,5 gr. Where as maximun value adsorption kinetic constant 8,479 g/mg.min obtained at temperature 30oC adsorbent dosage 1,5 gr. The appropiate model for kinetic followed pseudo second order.Keyword : Adsorption, Kinetic, Lead (Pb2+), Tricalcium phosphate
Pemanfaatan Limbah Fly Ash Batubara Untuk Pembuatan Paving Block Geopolimer Dengan Variasi Konsentrasi NaOH Dan Rasio Natrium Silika Terhadap Natrium Hidroksida (Na2SiO3/NaOH) Wyda N Saragi; Ahmad Fadli; Drastinawati Drastinawati
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 3, No 2 (2016): Wisuda Oktober Tahun 2016
Publisher : Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains

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Paving block geopolymer is a material synthesized through a polymerization process which can be used in the construction, especially of homes, buildings and roads. The objective of this research are to determine the effect of the concentration of NaOH and sodium silica to sodium hydroxide ratio (Na2SiO3 / NaOH) and characterization of geopolymer paving blocks made from coal ash. Paving block geopolymer prepared by mixing coal ash and fine aggregate and then added liquid activator (sodium hydroxide and sodium silica). Paving block pour into cube mould with size 5x5x5 cm3. Subsequently the mixture put at room temperature for 24 hours and then dried at curing temperature of 90 ° C for 24 hours. Characteristic of geopolymer paving blocks ie compressive strength, density, porosity, morphology and TCLP test were determined. The compressive strength of paving block geopolymer increase with concentration NaOH and sodium silica to sodium hydroxide ratio. The obtained of compressive strength of paving block geopolymer of 13,730 MPa at concentration NaOH 10M and increase to 19,068 Mpa at concentration NaOH 14 M. The highest density of paving block geopolymer is 2,17 gr/cm3 at concentration NaOH 14 M.Key words : fly ash, geopolymer paving block, sodium hydroxide, sodium silicate
Pembuatan Bio-Oil Dari Tandan Kosong Sawit Dan Pelepah Sawit Dengan Teknologi Pirolisis Menggunakan Katalis Ni/NZA Anwar Sumianto; Syaiful Bahri; Khairat Khairat
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 3, No 2 (2016): Wisuda Oktober Tahun 2016
Publisher : Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains

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Abstract

Estimated consumption of petroleum will increase until 2015 reached 610 million barrel, while supply production of petroleum decrease untill 280 million barrel at 2025 years.. Therefore, there was estimated that oil stock will run out about 24 years away. Consesquently, it was necesarry alternative fuels to replace petroleum oil, one of them was by converting biomass into bio-oil with pyrolysis technology and catalyst. The purposes of this research was to determined physical and chemical characteristic of bio-oil that produced from oil palm empty fruit bunches and palm fronds, determined the effect of impregnation Ni metal to the resulting yield, and then determined the effect of the amount of catalyst to bio-oil yield. Pyrolisis processes carried out 50 gram oil palm empty fruit bunches or palm fronds (-100 + 200 mesh), Ni/NZA with ratio of metal (0%,1 %, 2% and 3% by weight percetage) and ratio of weight catalyst (3%, 5 % and 7 % by weight percetage) and 500 ml silinap at 3200C, stirred 300 rpm with nitrogen gas flow. The highest yield obtained on theratio weight of catalyst used 7% and 3% ratio of Ni metal were amounted at 67,9% for oil palm empty fruit bunches and 56,2% for palm fronds. Characteristic of the production of bio-oil were 1,014 gr/ml density, 9,096 cSt viscosity, the acid number was 43,10 mg NaOH/gr sample and flash point at 510C for empty fruit brunches, were 0,991 gr/ml density, 7,370 cSt viscosity, the acid number was 23,929 mg NaOH/gr sample and flash point at 540C for palm fronds. From the GC-MS analysist, the dominant compound from bio-oil were 2,4,4-trimethyl-2-pentene, 5,5-dimethyl 2-hexene, 3-(3.3-dimethylbutyl)-cyclohexanone and 1-ethyl-1-methyl cyclohexane. Keywords : bio-oil, catalyst Ni/NZA, palm frond, palm empty fruit bunches, and pyrolysis
Sintesis Hidroksiapatit Dari Limbah Tulang Sapi Menggunakan Metode Presipitasi Dengan Variasi Rasio Ca/P Dan Konsentrasi H3PO4 Haris, Al; Fadli, Ahmad; Yenti, Silvia Reni
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 3, No 2 (2016): Wisuda Oktober Tahun 2016
Publisher : Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains

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Hydroxyapatite is a compound of calcium phosphate ceramics and also the main inorganic components in bones and teeth of animals and humans. Hydroxyapatite was synthesized from bovine bones using precipitation method. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of the ratio of Ca / P and the concentration of H3PO4 to the characterization of hydroxyapatite made from bovine bones as raw materials using precipitation method. Bovine bones were calcined at 1000℃ to produce calcium oxide (CaO). Then CaO was dissolved into distilled water and slowly mixed with phosphoric acid (H3PO4) at a ratio of Ca/P 0.67; 1.67; 2.67 and the concentration of H3PO4 0.6 M, 0.8 M, 1.2 M and 2.4 M. Then the mixture going through aging process for 24 hours and then the precipitate was filtered. The residue was calcined and characterized by XRD, FTIR, and SEM-EDX. Hydroxyapatite with a variation of Ca/P ratio, the difference between the initial and final ratio of Ca/P tends to decrease with an increase of the initial ratio of Ca/P. Hydroxyapatite with a variation of H3PO4 concentration, the final ratio of Ca/P tends to decrease with an increase of H3PO4 concentration.Keywords: hydroxyapatite, precipitation, ratio, concentration.
Pirolisis Tandan Kosong Sawit Menjadi Bio-Oil Menggunakan Katalis Mo/NZA Firman Syah; Syaiful Bahri; Amun Amri
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 3, No 2 (2016): Wisuda Oktober Tahun 2016
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Fuel oil is a very important requirement in life. The fuel used for this comes from crude oil extracted from the ground, while fuel oil is non-renewable, so for the next few years is expected the public will experience a shortage of fuel. So, we need alternative energy instead of petroleum. Biomass can be used as bio-oil by pyrolysis. Biomass using such as empty fruit bunches oil. Empty Fruit Bunch Oil is organic waste that has the potential to be used as asubstitute fuel bioenergy, the largest waste generated by oil palm plantations. The purpose of this study is to produce bio-oil from empty fruit bunches of oil using catalysts Mo/NZA the pyrolysis process, as well as determine the effect of the ratio of the catalyst of biomass empty fruit bunches of oil to the yield of bio-oil produced from empty fruit bunches of oil and determine the characteristics of the chemical and physical properties of bio -oil produced from oil palm empty fruit bunches. In this research Empty Fruit Bunch Oil by the size of - 100+200 mesh, 50 grams, 500 ml silinap and catalyst Mo/NZA inserted into of pyrolysis reactor. This process conducted at a temperature 320oC and the stirring speed of 300 rpm operate for about 120 minutes by flowing nitrogen gas. For the optimum yields obtained at 1.5% catalyst Mo/NZA as much as 5% of biomass that is equal to 56.28%. The test results physical properties obtained density of 1.005 g/ml, 2,296 cSt viscosity, acidity 45,373 mg NaOH /g sample and the flash point 52oC. Respectively the characterization of the chemical properties of bio - oil using Gas Chromatography - Mass Spectroscopy (GC - MS) obtained some dominant chemical components such as:: (Pentane, 2,2,4,4-tetramethyl-), (1-Pentene, 2.4 , 4-trimethyl-), (Cyclohexane, 1-bromo-4-methyl), (Hexane, 2,2-dimethyl-), (Pentane, 2,4- dimethyl-).Keywords: bio-oil, biomass, catalyst mo / NZA, oil palm empty fruit bunches
Kajian Lebar Bangunan Pelimpah Tipe Lengkung Terhadap Elevasi Muka Banjir (Studi Kasus Waduk Tenayan) Victory, Dany Elisa; Siswanto, Siswanto; Trimaijon, Trimaijon
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 3, No 2 (2016): Wisuda Oktober Tahun 2016
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Tenayan reservoir is a facility that included in the planning of infrastructure development Pekanbaru city government offices were built to meet the needs of the office of the raw water. Tenayan Reservoir drainage system is part of DAS system of Siak where natural systems there is a watershed Tenayan. In a study on the construction of the reservoir, spillway is an important study that is based on considerations of topography, hydrology and hydraulics. In this study the hydrological analysis to get the flood discharge design using Nakayau HSS. Further studies conducted by calculating the width of spillway flood search through the spillway (spillway) for various types of straight spillway with a width of 25 m and type of arch spillway with a variation of the radius of 12,5 m, 15 m, 20 m and 25 m in order to obtain flood level elevation for various the variations in the hydrological analysis result obtained Tenayan flood discharge design period of 20 years of rainfall data (1994-2013) for 100 year return period amounted to 182.063 m3 / second using Nakayasu HSS. By using the design flood discharge of the obtained spillway flood level elevation (crest elevation +20 m) for various types of overflow proportional to the width of 25m is +21.787 m and for overflow arch with a variation of the radius of 12,5m, 15m, 20m and 25 m respectively +21.399 m, +21.650 m, + 21,725m and + 21,750 m.Keyword : Reservoir, flood elevation level, spillway , HSS Nakayasu

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