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Dinia R Dwijayanti,
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Biotropika
Published by Universitas Brawijaya
ISSN : 23027282     EISSN : 25498703     DOI : 10.21776/ub.biotropika.
Core Subject : Science, Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Immunology & microbiology
Biotropika: Journal of Tropical Biology invites research articles, short communication, and reviews describing new findings/phenomena of biological sciences in tropical regions, specifically in the following subjects, but not limited to biotechnology, biodiversity, microbiology, botany, zoology, biosystematics, ecology, and environmental sciences.
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Articles 10 Documents
 1 
Search results for , issue "Vol. 10 No. 1 (2022)" : 10 Documents clear
Morphological Characterization and Antioxidant Activity of Actinobacteria from Xylocarpus granatum Growing in Mangrove Habitat Ratte, Marina; Batubara, Irmanida; Lestari, Yulin
Biotropika: Journal of Tropical Biology Vol. 10 No. 1 (2022)
Publisher : Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.biotropika.2022.010.01.01

Abstract

Xylocarpus granatum produces various bioactive compounds with diverse biological activities, one of them as an antioxidant. Endophytic actinobacteria can also produce bioactive compounds. This study aimed to explore the existence of the endophytic actinobacteria of X. Granatum and determine its antioxidant activity. The research method begins with the isolation of endophytic actinobacteria from fruits, seeds, and leaves using selective media Humic Acid (HV). Furthermore, characterizing the obtained isolates using four different media, namely YSA, ISP2, ISP3, and ISP4, measured antioxidant activity for actinobacterial supernatants and actinobacterial ethyl acetate extracts using the DPPH method. The results showed that from X. granatum, 15 isolates of endophytic actinobacteria were obtained from fruit, seeds, and leaf. Endophytic actinobacteria isolates from X. granatum showed different colors of aerial mycelium, substrate mycelium, and spore chain type. XGF11, XGF12, and XGF4 isolates produced high antioxidant activity of the supernatant; 57.30%, 49.77%, and 41.90% inhibition, respectively. The antioxidant capacity of XGF12 ethyl acetate extract was 501.60 μg AEAC/mg extract and 465.47 μg AEAC/mg extract for XGF11 ethyl acetate extract. DNA extraction and 16S rRNA amplification from endophytic actinobacteria X. granatum according to Presto Mini gDNA Bacteria Kit Protocol. Based on 16S rDNA gene analysis, isolates XGF12 and XGF11 showed 99.16% and 99.42% similarities with Streptomyces xylanilyticus, respectively. Meanwhile, XGF4 showed to have 99.82% similarities with Brevibacterium sediminis.
In silico Exploration of Phospholipase A2 Inhibitor Compounds from Lufariella variabilis as Antivenom of Ophiophagus hannah Dion, Romario; Ewaldo, Muhammad Farrel; Fauzaan, Muhammad Faishal; Wandi, Ilham Aris; Asih, Rina Sari
Biotropika: Journal of Tropical Biology Vol. 10 No. 1 (2022)
Publisher : Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.biotropika.2022.010.01.06

Abstract

The King Cobra (Ophiophagus hannah) is a venomous snake found in Southeast Asia and South Asia. Globally, it is estimated that there are 81,000 to 138,000 cases of snakebite deaths from 1.8 million to 2 million snakebite cases. The limited availability of antivenom is a problem in handling snake venom poisoning. Exploration of natural ingredients is needed as a preventive measurement from the spread of toxins when they are inside the body. Exploration could be carried out by utilizing natural metabolite compounds that can be inhibitors of the phospholipase A2 (PLA2) enzyme. Luffariella variabilis is known as a marine organism that can produce sesterterpenoid compounds and has the potential as an inhibitor of the phospholipase A2 enzyme. This study aims to explore the potential of sesterterpenoid compounds produced by Luffariella variabilis as an in silico inhibitor of phospholipase A2. Several methods used in this research are molecular docking simulation, toxicity test using pkCSM and Toxtree, and chemical bond analysis using Discovery Studio. The results showed that the manoalide compound was the most potent compound of the other sesterterpenoid compounds in its ability to become a snake antivenom candidate.
Morphological Variations Species of Ziziphus (Rhamnaceae) in Java Ihsan, Moh.; Azrianingsih, Rodiyati; Rugayah, Rugayah; Efendi, Muhammad
Biotropika: Journal of Tropical Biology Vol. 10 No. 1 (2022)
Publisher : Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.biotropika.2022.010.01.02

Abstract

Ziziphus in Indonesia, especially Java, hasfive species recorded in the book Flora of Java. In 2010, there were two additional species that had not been recorded in the Flora of Java. Some species of unresolved taxon position and nomenclature are valid and precise. Meanwhile, the latest scientific journal publications related to taxonomic studies of Ziziphus species in Java have not been widely carried out and are even almost non-existent. This study aimedto re-examine the Ziziphus species in Java based on variations in morphological characters. Exploration and identification of specimens throughout Java and herbarium study specimens were carried out. The morphological characterizations observed included stature, morphology of stems, leaves, flowers, fruits, and seeds. The identification obtained eight species, Ziziphus mauritiana Lam., Ziziphus spina-christi (L.)Desf., Ziziphus celtidifolia DC., Ziziphus javanensis Blume, Ziziphus horsfieldii Miq., Ziziphus rufula Miq., Ziziphus oenoplia (L.) Mill. and Ziziphus nummularia (Burm. f.) Wight et Arn. Three species of which are new records for the Java region, among others; Ziziphus celtidifolia DC., Ziziphus mauritiana Lam. and Ziziphus spina-christi (L.) Desf. Phenetic analysis based on morphological characteristics showed that Ziziphus in Java had 52% -81% similarity.
Isolation of Entomopathogenic Lysinibacillus sphaericus from Sewage at Some Housing Complex in Mataram City and Evaluation of Its Toxicity Against Aedes aegypti Larvae in Laboratory Dewi, Novia Devi Kusuma; Hidayati, Ernin; Sarkono, Sarkono; Prasedya, Eka Sunarwidhi; Suryadi, Bambang Fajar
Biotropika: Journal of Tropical Biology Vol. 10 No. 1 (2022)
Publisher : Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.biotropika.2022.010.01.07

Abstract

The aims of this study were to isolate Lysinibacillus sphaericus from sewage at some housing complex in Mataram city and evaluate its toxicity against third Aedes aegypti larvae. The bacteria collected from mud taken from diluted sewage and objected to heat shock procedure at 80ºC for 30 minutes. The microbiological culture was done using a Nutrient Agar solid medium and incubated at 30ºC for 72 hours. Bacterial characterization was done based on bacterial colony morphology, cell morphology, cell physiology, and cell biochemistry characteristics. Toxicity test on 3rd Aedes aegypti larvae was done for 24, 48, and 72 hours applying Nutrient Broth medium with various dilution. From this study total of 11 isolates of Lysinibacillus sphaericus were isolated, only three isolates showed a high killing rate against Ae. aegypti in 24-hour observation. They were isolate Bs9-2-3 (LC50 24-hour value was 1.75 x 104 cell/mL), isolate Bs9-1-5 (LC50 24-hour value was 6.23 x 104 cell/mL) and isolate Bs2-1-2 (LC50 24-hour value was 7.17 x 106 cell/mL). These local isolates of L. sphaericus had good potential to be developed for bacterial-based biopesticide/biolarvicide for battling Aedes mosquito larvae in the near future.
Insertion of Cold Shock Gene From Escherichia Coli in Wheat Plants to Produce Drought Tolerant Properties Rimpan, Takashi Reymond; Dwany, Naomi; Meyners, Geraldy John; Ayustin, Yohana Delvia; Irawati, Wahyu
Biotropika: Journal of Tropical Biology Vol. 10 No. 1 (2022)
Publisher : Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.biotropika.2022.010.01.03

Abstract

Drought is a threat that affects plant growth and development. Wheat crops are very sensitive to heat and drought stress during flowering and grain development, which negatively affects grain yield and quality. Wheat with drought tolerant properties is a genetically modified plant obtained by inserting a cold shock protein gene from Escherichia coli so that it can increase the ability of wheat to adapt to drought. This literature review aims to provide information about the role of cold shock protein gene insertion from Escherichia coli in wheat plants to produce drought tolerant traits. The results of the literature review showed that the CspA gene from Escherichia coli inserted into DNA could increase gene expression by changing the nucleotides in the DNA sequence to increase G+C. Gene insertion produces recombinant DNA with specific nucleotide changes. Nucleotide changes were carried out to increase the overall G+C amino acid content without changing the existing CspA and CspB protein sequences. These changes played an important role in helping wheat adapt to drought. The leaves on the transgenic wheat showed a decrease in the rate of water loss because the stomata in these plants closed faster than in the ordinary wheat so that the transgenic wheat became more drought tolerant.
Ceratiomyxa arbuscula: A White Tubular Myxomycetes in West Java Hermawan, Rudy; Amalia, Tryanisa Ridla
Biotropika: Journal of Tropical Biology Vol. 10 No. 1 (2022)
Publisher : Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.biotropika.2022.010.01.08

Abstract

A white tubular Myxomycota is identic to the Ceratiomyxa genus. Ceratiomyxa has five sporangium types such as a simple pillar, fruticulus, arbuscula, filliforme, and porioides. Slime mold as Ceratiomyxa was found in IPB University. The specimen was coded as Tub1. The specimen Tub1 was found on the rotten wood and together colonized the wood as a substrate with other fungi, such as Sphaerobolus stellatus and Lentinus sajor-caju. The morphological observation was conducted, such as sporangium type, sporangium color, spore size, spore shape, and spore position of the sporangium. To identify the species, phenetic analysis was conducted for five species of Ceratiomyxa and Stemonitis fusca as an outgroup. All characters were transferred into binner data. Then, the SAHN cladogram was built using Numerical Taxonomy System (NTSys) software. The SAHN cladogram showed that Ceratiomyxa specimen Tub1 was identified as Ceratiomyxa arbuscula with a 100% similarity coefficient. The morphology supported the identification, such as the shape of arbuscula sporangium and the spore size.
Potential of Combination Marsilea crenata and Curcuma xanthorriza to Improve Sperm Quality of Male Mice Exposed by Monosodium Glutamate Firstiantono, Andista; Rahayu, Sri; Warih Marhendra, Agung Pramana; Soewondo, Aris
Biotropika: Journal of Tropical Biology Vol. 10 No. 1 (2022)
Publisher : Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.biotropika.2022.010.01.04

Abstract

This study aims to determine the potential of water clover (M. crenata), curcuma (C. xanthorriza), and the combination of both extracts in order to improve the sperm quality of mice after MSG administration. This study used 35 Balb/C male mice (3 months old, 25-30 grams body weight (BW)). The animals randomly divided into 7 treatment groups, namely K0 (the group given MSG 4 mg/gBW), K1 (the group given MSG 4 mg/gBW and M. crenata 0.09 mg/gBW), K3 (the group given MSG 4 mg/gBW and C. xanthorriza 0.2 mg/gBW), K4 (the group that was given MSG 4 mg/gBW and a combination of M. crenata extract 0.045 mg/gBW and C. xanthorriza 0.1 mg/gBW), K5 (the group given M. crenata 0.09 mg/gBW), and K6 (the group given C. xanthorriza 0.2 mg/gBW). MSG and all extracts are given orally and daily for 30 days. The observed parameters were sperm’s motility, viability, and concentration. The data are analyzed using SPSS for windows with a One-way ANOVA test (p≤0.05) and Tukey HSD test. The administration of water clover, curcuma, and the combination of both extracts can significantly improve the sperm quality in mice exposed by MSG. The administration of single and combination extract can improve the motility, viability, and concentration of the sperm in treatment groups with the extract. In conclusion, the combination of water clover and curcuma ethanol extract significantly improved sperm quality.
Fire Hotspot and Particulate Matter (Pm2.5) Distribution Patterns In Tropical Rainforest Ecosystems Of Batanghari River Basin In July 2021 Wibowo, Andrio A; Basukriadi, Adi; Nurdin, Erwin
Biotropika: Journal of Tropical Biology Vol. 10 No. 1 (2022)
Publisher : Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.biotropika.2022.010.01.05

Abstract

Rainforest in the Batanghari River basin is one of the tropical ecosystems that currently is threatened by deforestation, slash and burn swidden farming that lead to the increased numbers of fire hotspots. The fire hotspots are high in midyear during the dry season when a swidden farming activity starts. Then this study aims to assess the distribution of fire hotspots and its impact in the form of PM2.5 contents. The study was conducted in the rainforest of the Batanghari River basin in midyear in July 2021. The methods to classify the rainforest covers and to detect fire hotspots and PM2.5 contents were based on remote sensing and GIS analysis using Landsat 8 OLI, VIIRS, and MODIS remote sensing imageries. The result showed increasing trends of daily fire hotspot numbers in the rainforest of the Batanghari River basin for one month in July 2021. There were significant differences in the daily average of fire hotspots based on the week (P = 0.006, F = 8.677). The daily average of hotspots in the first week of July 2021 was 1.333 hotspots (95%CI: 0-3.94 hotspots). Whereas in the third and fourth weeks, there were sharp increases in the daily average of hotspots. In the third week, the average of hotspots was 4.333 hotspots (95%CI: 0-9.04 hotspots) and increased almost threefold in the fourth week with 11.000 hotspots (95%CI: 7.61-14.4 hotspots). In the areas where the fire hotspots have occurred, the PM2.5 contents ranged from 30 to 80 μg/m3.
Genetic diversity of Springtails (Collembola Subclass) Based on Cytochrome oxidase Subunit I (COI) Genes in Malang Hermawan, Idris; Amin, Mohamad; Suhadi, Suhadi
Biotropika: Journal of Tropical Biology Vol. 10 No. 1 (2022)
Publisher : Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.biotropika.2022.010.01.09

Abstract

The springtails belongs to the Collembola subclass of the insect class. Springtails is a mesofauna insect that acts as a detritivore and bio-indicator in ecosystem. Genetic diversity is influenced by the total amount of genetic variation present in the genes coding for a species or organism. COI gene is a gene that is useful as a genetic marker for mitochondrial DNA. The genetic diversity of springtails based on mtDNA COI gene sequences is not widely known in Indonesia. Based on this, this study aims to reveal the genetic diversity of springtails in Malang. This research was conducted by 3 locations in Malang (Cangar, Bedengan and Tambakasri). Measurements of the microclimate (humidity and air temperature) and altitude measurements were carried out at springtails sampling site, then carried out the DNA isolation process from the springtails samples obtained, the COI amplification process and sequencing were carried out. After obtaining the sequence data, genetic diversity analysis and polymorphism analysis were carried out. The results of this study were the target genes amplified from all samples of spring tails with DNA fragments along 677-683 bp. The sample of springtails had a genetic identity match with Homidia socia Denis and Homidia cingula Börner based on the BLAST analysis, results of genetic diversity analysis showed that the samples tested had high genetic diversity, composition of nucleotide bases A/T was 60,8%, genetic variation in the form of transition substitution (87 sites) and transversion (55 sites), and the results of polymorphism analysis showed the value of 0,18201 nucleotide diversity, number of segregation was 162 sites and sequences conservation was 0,744.
Anuran diversity and community structure in Lesti upriver across buffer zone habitat in Bromo Tengger Semeru National Park Fathoni, Muhammad; Hakim, Luchman; Kurniawan, Nia
Biotropika: Journal of Tropical Biology Vol. 10 No. 1 (2022)
Publisher : Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.biotropika.2022.010.01.10

Abstract

In Bromo Tengger Semeru National Park (BTSNP), buffer zone areas, one of which is the Lesti upstream rivers, play a critical role in sustaining biodiversity and community life. Frogs serve as a bioindicator of environmental change, particularly in the upstream rivers of the Lesti. The present study examines the diversity and community structure of Anura in the upstream rivers of Lesti, which are included in the BTSNP buffer zones. Throughout the surveys, up to 14 anuran species were encountered in four sites adjacent to the BTSNP border and crossed by the Lesti rivers. This study suggests that buffer zones may support herpetofaunal diversity by allowing humans to interact with them and sustainably utilize the resources in the areas. Urban development and conservation in these areas must be kept current in order to minimize environmental disruption caused by humans.

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