Garuda - Garba Rujukan Digital

A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF DIFFERENT TEACHING STRATEGIES BASED ON TEXT TYPES ON STUDENTSâ€™ SPEAKING COMPETENCY Nirmala, Tari,; Ni Nyoman, Padmadewi; Luh Putu, Artini,
Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa Inggris Indonesia Vol 1 (2013)
Publisher : Universitas Pendidikan Ganesha

Abstract This study aimed at comparing the effect of different teaching strategies based on text types on students? speaking competency. Post-test Only Comparison Group Design was applied as the research design. After the treatment sessions, post-test was administered to discover the impact of the treatments. The data obtained from the post-test were analyzed by using descriptive and inferential statistical analyses. Through descriptive analysis, it was found that the mean scores of the two samples for descriptive text were 71.63 and 73.96 and for procedure text were 74.93 and 76.80. The difference between students? speaking competency who were taught using different teaching strategies was analyzed through two-way Anova. Based on the result of the hypothesis testing, it was found that; there was a significant difference between two teaching strategies on students? speaking competency and there was no interactional effect between two teaching strategies and the text types on students? speaking competency. These findings provide empirical evidence of the importance to determine teaching strategies that suit the text types taught in speaking class. Key terms : speaking competency, speaking random club, panauricon and text types

INTERFERENSI BAHASA WEWEWA DALAM BAHASA INDONESIA TULIS MURID KELAS V SD INPRES WAIWAGHA KECAMATAN WEWEWA SELATAN KABUPATEN SUMBA BARAT DAYA ., PELIPUS W.KAKA; ., Prof. Dr. I Made Sutama,M.Pd; ., Prof. Dr. I Nyoman Sudiana, M.Pd
Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa Inggris Indonesia Vol 2, No 1 (2014)
Publisher : Universitas Pendidikan Ganesha

ABSTRAK Penelitian deskriptif kualitatif ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan dan menganalisis (1) jenis interferensi bahasa Wewewa dalam bahasa Indonesia tulis siswa, dan (2) ) tingkat interferensi bahasa Wewewa dalam bahasa Indonesia tulis siswa kelas V SD Inpres Waiwagha Kecamatan Wewewa Selatan Kabupaten Sumba Barat Daya. Subjek penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas V SD Inpres Waiwagha Kecamatan Wewewa Selatan Kabupaten Sumba Barat Daya.. Objek penelitian ini adalah interferensi bahasa Wewewa dalam bahasa Indonesia tulis siswa kelas V SD Inpres Waiwagha Kecamatan Wewewa Selatan Kabupaten Sumba Barat Daya. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan metode dokumentasi yaitu karangan tulis siswa dikumpulkan sebagai bahan kajian yang mengakibatkan jenis dan tingkat interferensi. Data dianalisis dengan teknik analisis kualitatif melalui tiga tahap, yaitu reduksi data, penyajian/klasifikasi data, dan penarikan simpulan. Ketiga tahap ini bermanfaat untuk memilah data yang akurat aagar penelitian ini menjadi valid. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa (1) jenis interferensi bahasa Wewewa dalam bahasa Indonesia tulis siswa kelas V SD Inpres Waiwagha Kecamatan Wewewa Selatan Kabupaten Sumba Barat Daya terjadi dalam bidang morfologi, semantik, dan sintaksis; (2) tingkat interferensi bahasa Wewewa dalam bahasa Indonesia tulis siswa kelas V SD Inpres Waiwagha Kecamatan Wewewa Selatan Kabupaten Sumba Barat Daya terjadi dalam ranah morfologi, semantik, dan sintaksis. Pada ranah morfologi terjadi interferensi pengingingkaran ketatabahasaan target. Pada ranah sintaksis ada dua jenis interferensi yaitu interferensi substitusi, dan interferensi pengingkaran ketatabahasaan target. Interferensi dalam ranah semantik adalah interferensi substitusi, terjadi karena konsepsi makna bahasa Wewewa berbeda dalam makna bahasa Indonesia. Proses interferensi dalam ranah morfologi, sintaksis dan semantik adalah proses aktif produktif karena bahasa donor secara aktif digunakan oleh subjek. Tingkat interferensi bahasa Wewewa terhadap bahasa Indonesia tulis siswa dalam ranah morfologi, semantik, dan sintaksis dapat diklasifikasikan rendah, berdasarkan karangan tulis siswa. Penelitian ini dapat memberikan masukan kepada guru,siswa bahwa salah satu penyebab kesulitan siswa dalam belajar bahasa Indonesia karena masih begitu kuatnya ketergantungan mereka kepada struktur bahasa pertamanya (bahasa Wewewa). Guru sebaiknya menerapkan pembelajaran bahasa Indonesia dengan cermat dan menggunakan pendekatan sosiolinguistik. Kata Kunci : Interferensi, bahasa Wewewa, bahasa Indonesia. ABSTRACT This qualitative descriptive study aims to describe and analyze (1) the interference type of Wewewa language to Indonesian language of students writing, and (2) the interference level of Wewewa language to Indonesian language of students writing on class V SD Inpres Waiwagha South Wewewa District South-West Sumba Regency. The subjects were students of class V SD Inpres Waiwagha. Object of this study is the interference of Wewewa language to Indonesian language of students writing on class V SD Inpres Waiwagha South Wewewa District South-West Sumba Regency. Data collection method used is the method of documentation. The data were analyzed through three steps, namely data reduction, data presentation, and conclusions. The results showed that (1) the type of language interference in Indonesian Wewewa fifth grade elementary school students write Waiwagha Instruction District of South Wewewa Southwest Sumba occurred in the field of morphology, semantics, and syntax; (2) the level of interference in Indonesian language Wewewa fifth grade elementary school students write Waiwagha Instruction District of South Wewewa Southwest Sumba occur in the realm of morphology, semantics, and syntax. In the realm of grammatical morphology interference pengingingkaran targets. In the realm of syntax, there are two types of interference that substitution interference, and interference denial grammatical targets. Interference is interference in the domain of semantic substitution, occurs because Wewewa different conceptions of the meaning of language in Indonesian meaning. The process of interference in the realm of morphology, syntax and semantics is an active process of productive because the donor language is actively used by the subject. Wewewa interference level language to write Indonesian students in the realm of morphology, semantics, and syntax can be classified low, based on student essay writing. This research can provide feedback to the teacher, the students that one of the causes of student difficulties in learning Indonesian because it is still so strong dependence on the structure of their first language (language Wewewa). Teachers should apply the learning Indonesian carefully and sociolinguistic approach. keyword : interference, Wewewa language, Indonesian language.

THE EFFECT OF PROCESS AND PRODUCT APPROACHES ON THE STUDENTSâ€™ COMPETENCY IN WRITING DIFFERENT TYPES OF TEXTS Ayu Wirawati, Ni Kadek; Tantra, Dewa Komang; Ratminingsih, Made
Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa Inggris Indonesia Vol 1 (2013)
Publisher : Universitas Pendidikan Ganesha

This study aims at finding the effect of process and product approaches to the eighth grade students of SMP Harapan 1 Denpasar on their competency in writing different types of texts. This is an experimental study with post-test only comparison group design using 2 x 3 factorial design. The results of the study are: 1) there is a significant difference of process and product approach on the students? writing competency, 2) there is a significant difference on the students? competency in writing narrative paragraph between process and product approach group, 3) there is a significant difference on the students? competency in writing recount paragraph between process and product approach group, 4) there is a significant difference on the students? competency in writing descriptive paragraph between process and product approach group,5) there is an interaction between the writing approaches and types of texts. Keywords : Process Approach, Product Approach, Types of Texts and Writing Competency.

POLITENESS IN EFL CLASSROOM INTERACTIONS AND ITS IMPLICATIONS TOWARD EFL TEACHING-LEARNING IN SMP NEGERI 2 TABANAN IN ACADEMIC YEAR 2013/2014. ., I PUTU YOGA PURANDINA; ., Prof. Dr.I Ketut Seken,MA; ., Dr. I Gede Budasi,M.Ed,Dip.App.Lin
Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa Inggris Indonesia Vol 2, No 1 (2014)
Publisher : Universitas Pendidikan Ganesha

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kesopanan tutur kata pada interaksi kelas bahasa inggris bagi pelajar asing dan implikasinya terhadap proses belajar mengajar pada kelas bahasa inggris bagi pelajar asing di smp negeri 2 tabanan pada tahun ajaran 2013/2014. Permasalahan yang pertama, mengungkap jenis strategy kesopanan yang digunakan oleh siswa dan guru kelas delapan pada kelas bahasa Inggris bagi pelajar asing di SMP Negeri 2 Tabanan. Permasalahan yang ke dua fungsi atau intruksi apa yang terimplikasi dalam setrategi kesopanan tersebut oleh oleh siswa dan guru kelas delapan pada kelas bahasa Inggris bagi pelajar asing di SMP Negeri 2 Tabanan. Permasalahan yang terakhir adalah implikasi yang ditimbulkan terhadap implikasinya terhadap proses belajar mengajar pada kelas bahasa inggris bagi pelajar asing di smp negeri 2 tabanan. Penelitian ini dirancang dengan menggunakan pendekatan penelitian kualitatif. Adapun data pada penelitian ini didapat dari percakapan pada proses belajar dan mengajar di dalam kelas dengan menggunakan rekaman video dan wawancara. Data yang di dapat dalam bentuk percakapan. Percakapan tersebut diidentifikasi dan dianalisis secara deskriptif untuk mengetahui strategi kesopanan yang digunakan oleh guru dan siswa. Kemudian, analisisnya dilanjutkan dengan mengidentifikasi dan menganalisis fungsi yang terkandung dalam strategi kesopanan yang digunakan oleh mereka, dan terakhir, dilanjutkan dengan menganalisis dan mendiskusikan implikasi dari kesopanan dalam tutur kata dalam interaksi kelas pengajaran bahasa Inggris sebagai bahasa asing. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan kesopanan mengadung lima strategi, yaitu; secara langsung dan blakblakan tanpa kemasan kesantunan, secara langsung dengan kemasan kesantunan positif, secara langsung dengan kemasan kesantunan negatif, secara tidak langsung, dan secara diam. Fungsi dari kesopanan bisa dibagi menjadi tiga, yaitu; ekpresif, intruksi/perintah, dan bersifat member pentunjuk atau penjelasan. Kesopanan juga menimbulkan implikasi terhadap hubungan antara guru dan siswa, motivasi dalam belajar, dan sukses dalam belajar. Kata Kunci : Kesopanan Tutur Kata, Strategi Kesopanan, Tindak Tutur, and Interaksi Kelas bagi Pelajar Asing This study aimed at investigating the politeness in EFL classroom interactions and its implications toward EFL teaching-learning in Smp Negeri 2 Tabanan in Academic Year 2013/2014. The first problem was to reveal the kinds of politeness strategies which were used in the classroom interaction by the grade-eight EFL teacher and students of SMP Negeri 2 Tabanan. The second problem was the kinds of instructional function implied in the politeness strategies used by the grade-eight EFL teacher and students of SMP Negeri 2 Tabanan in EFL classroom interaction, and the last problem was the implication of politeness strategies towards English teaching-learning process in SMP Negeri 2 Tabanan. The research was designed by using qualitative research. The data were taken from the conversations of the teaching and learning process in the classroom through video recorded and interview. The obtained data were in the form of conversation. The conversation was identified and analyzed descriptively in order to know the politeness strategy used by teacher and students. The analysis was continued by identifying and analyzing the functions which were included in the politeness strategies used by them, and the last, it was continued by analyzing and discussing the implication of the politeness are occurred at the EFL classroom interaction. The result of the study show politeness was conveyed through five strategies, namely; bald-on record, positive politeness, negative politeness, off record, and saying nothing. The functions of the politeness can be divided into three, namely, expressive, directive, and representative function. The politeness were found to bring implications toward teacher-students relationship, motivation for learning, and success in lerning. keyword : politeness, politeness strategies, speech acts, and EFL classroom interaction.

The Effect of Background Music and Gender Differences on Studentsâ€™ Reading Comprehension in Grade Eight SMP Negeri 4 Denpasar in the Academic Year 2013/2014 Sujaya, IGB Rama; Kerti Nitiasih, Putu; Ratminingsih, Ni Made
Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa Inggris Indonesia Vol 1 (2013)
Publisher : Universitas Pendidikan Ganesha

Abstrak Rendahnya kemampuan memahami bacaan oleh siswa SMP menjadi dasar dari penelitian ini. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk menginvestigasi efek dari musik latar pada kemampuan memahami isi bacaan oleh siswa SMP. Selain itu, perbedaan jender siswa juga digunakan sebagai variabel moderator. Populasi penelitian tersebar pada sepuluh kelas dan melalui teknik sampel acak, di dapat dua kelas yang kemudian di kelompokkan menjadi grup eksperimen dan grup kontrol. Secara kesuluruhan, jumlah sampel yang digunakan dalam penelitian adalah 80 sampel. Untuk memeperoleh data penelitian, digunakan skor dari postes yang kemudian di olah dengan dua metode statistik yaitu statistik deskriptif dan inferensial. Di akhir investigasi, ditemukan bahwa (1) ada perbedaan yang signifikan pada kemampuan memahami bacaan anatara siswa yang diajar dengan mengunakan perlakuan musik latar dengan siswa yang diajar tanpa musik latar (2) ada perbedaan yang signifikan pada kemampuan memahami bacaan antara siswa perempuan dengan siswa laki ? laki. (3) terdapat interaksi antara perlakuan musik latar dan teknik konvensional dan juga jender pada kemampuan membaca siswa SMP, (4) terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan pada siswa perempuan yang diberi perlakuan musik latar dengan siswa perempuan yang tidak diberi perlakuan musik latar, dan (5) tidak terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan pada siswa laki ? laki yang diberi perlakuan musik latar dengan siswa laki ? laki yang tidak diberi perlakuan dengan musik latar. Kata Kunci: Musik latar, jender, pemahaman membaca, teknik mengajar konvensional.

*OBSERVANCE AND NON-OBSERVANCE OF GRICEAN MAXIMS IN INSTRUCTIONAL CONTEXT: AN ANALYSIS OF EFL CLASSROOM INTERACTION* ., LUH MEGA SAFITRI; ., Prof. Dr.I Ketut Seken,MA; ., Prof. Dr.I Nyoman Adi Jaya Putra, MA
Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa Inggris Indonesia Vol 2, No 1 (2014)
Publisher : Universitas Pendidikan Ganesha

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan, menganalisis dan menjelaskan tentang macam-macam kepatuhan dan ketidakpatuhan terhadap maksim Grice, percakapan implikatur, dan faktor ketidakpatuhan terhadap maksim yang diproduksi di dalam kelas. Subjek penelitian ini adalah guru-guru dan siswa-siswa kelas tujuh dan delapan dari Sekolah Internasional Gandhi. Sebagai sebuah penelitian kualitatif naturalistik, data di kumpulkan melalui observasi dan interview yang kemudian dianalisis menggunakan teori Cooperative Principle Grice (1975). Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa guru-guru dan siswa-siswa mematuhi semua maksim Grice dalam kegiatan belajar mengajar. Dalam penelitian ini juga ditemukan bahwa guru memproduksi persentase yang tinggi dari flouting maksim. Guru sering memilih untuk memberikan instruksi secara tidak langsung di dalam kelas dan berharap siswa untuk mencari makna tersembunyi. Di sisi lain siswa memproduksi persentase tinggi dalam violating maksim dan infringing maksim. Dalam hal ini, siswa gagal mematuhi maksim karena mereka tidak mampu untuk berbicara dengan jelas dan kurangnya kemampuan dalam berbahasa Inggris. Lebih jauh lagi ditemukan bahwa guru dan siswa lebih sering menggunakan flouting (53.55%) dan violating (46.66%) dalam interaksi kelas. Penelitian ini juga menunjukan bahwa guru dan siswa memproduksi flouting dan violating dari maksim quality, quantity, relation dan manner. Guru dan siswa memilih ketidaklangsungan dalam berbicara dan tidak mematuhi maksim Grice yang bertujuan untuk menunjukkan kesopanan dan membuat lelucon. Ketika konsep dari face threatening act dilibatkan, maka guru dan siswa akan menggunakan percakapan implikatur dan sering tidak mematuhi prinsip-prinsip dalam percakapan. Kata Kunci : Kepatuhan terhadap Maxim, Ketidakpatuhan terhadap Maxim, Percakapan Implikatur, Kesopanan This study was intended to describe, analyze and explain types of observance and non-observance of Gricean Maxims, conversational implicatures and factors of non-observance produced in the classroom. The subjects were the teachers and students of grades seven and eight of Gandhi Memorial International School (GMIS). The data for this naturalistic qualitative study were collected through observation and interviews which were then analyzed by using Paul Grice?s (1975) Cooperative Principle theory. The study showed that both teachers and students observed all of the Gricean maxims in certain part of classroom teaching activities. This study also found that the teachers produced high percentage of flouting the maxims. Teachers often preferred not blatantly giving instructions in the classroom but hoped the students to find the implied meaning. Meanwhile the students produced high percentages of violating the maxims and infringing the maxims. In this case, the students failed to observe the maxims because they were unable to speak clearly or lacked language ability in English. Furthermore, in conversational implicature, it was found that teachers and students used flouting the maxims most (53.33 %) than violating the maxims (46.66 %) in classroom interaction. The study showed that both teachers and students flouted and violated maxim of quality, maxim of quantity, maxim of relation and maxim of manner. However, teachers and students preferred indirectness and did not observe Gricean maxims with the intentions of showing politeness and making jokes. When a face threatening act was involved, they employed conversational implicature and often violated the cooperative principle of conversation. keyword : *Observance of maxims, Non-observance of maxims, Conversational Implicature, Politeness*

DEVELOPING RICH LANGUAGE LEARNING ENVIRONMENT MATERIAL TO SUPPORT LITERACY SKILLS OF THE FOURTH GRADE STUDENTS OF PRIMARY SCHOOLS IN BALI PROVINCE Dian Pondika C, Ni L. G.; Artini, Luh Putu; Marhaeni, A.A.I.N.
Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa Inggris Indonesia Vol 1 (2013)
Publisher : Universitas Pendidikan Ganesha

Abstract This study aimed at developing rich language learning materials to support literacy skills of grade 4 students in Bali province. Research and Development (R&D) design was employed in this study. There were 6 primary schools involved and the data were collected through document study, observation, questionnaire, and test. The findings show that the literacy coverage of English language learning for grade 4 students includes reading simple descriptive texts and writing simple and meaningful descriptive sentence. The rich language learning environment (RLLE) material were developed in various texts such as topical vocabulary, grammar focus, everyday expression, language game, and stories need to be developed. The quality of the developed RLLE material is good based on the result of the expert jugdments and the result of questionnaires. The RLLE material was effective to support grade 4 students? literacy skills based on the result of statistical analysis on the literacy skills. The post-test result was significantly higher than the pre-test scores. Thus, the RLLE material is recommended to be used as suplementary material to support students? literacy skills of grade 4 in Balinese elementary schools. Keywords : rich language learning environment, literacy skills, young learner

MATHEMATICS AND SCIENCE TEACHERSâ€™ PERCEPTIONS AND COMMUNICATION STRATEGIES ON THE USE OF ENGLISH AS A MEDIUM OF INSTRUCTION AT SMP NEGERI 1 DENPASAR Sudiatmika, I Ketut; Nitiasih, Putu Kerti; Suarnajaya, I Wayan
Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa Inggris Indonesia Vol 1 (2013)
Publisher : Universitas Pendidikan Ganesha

Abstract This study aimed at investigating the use of English as a medium of instruction (EMI) at Pre-International Standard School (RSBI) at SMP N 1 Denpasar. It includes the mathematics and science teachers? perception, the frequency of the use of English, and the communication strategies used by mathematics and science teachers. The subjects of the study were mathematics and science teachers at SMP N 1 Denpasar of grade eight. Semi-structured interview and close questionnaire were applied to gather the data of mathematics and science teachers? perception. The frequency of English and communication strategies used by the mathematics and science teachers were gathered by recording the instructional process. The findings of the study show that the mathematics and biology teachers had a good perception, but physics teacher had average perception toward the use of English as a medium of instruction. However, the proportion of English used as a medium of instruction at SMP N 1 Denpasar has not fulfilled the basic requirement of Pre-International Standard School (RSBI). Even, in its sixth year of the program implementation, the science teachers have not implemented 100% the bilingual teaching and learning process. The average percentage of English used by the Mathematics, Biology, and Physics teachers is 84.50 %, 13.72%, and 0% respectively. The data analysis also revealed that there were five types of communication strategy applied by the mathematics and science teachers, namely: language switching, pausing, use of non linguistic resources, clarification check, and comprehension check. Key words: bilingual class, teachers? perception, English frequency, communication strategies

THE EFFECT OF TASK-BASED LANGUAGE TEACHING AND ENGLISH GRAMMAR MASTERY TOWARD READING COMPREHENSION OF THE SECOND SEMESTER STUDENTS Kumara, Gana; ., PADMADEWI; W, SUARNAJAYA,
Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa Inggris Indonesia Vol 1 (2013)
Publisher : Universitas Pendidikan Ganesha

Abstract This study focused on the effect of task based language teaching and grammar mastery toward students? reading comprehension. It was an experimental study by making use of post test-only control group with 2 x 2 factorial design. The population of the study was 175 second semester students of the English Education Study Program of FKIP UNMAS Denpasar wherein 52 students were chosen as the sample through Intact Group Random Sampling. The research data were collected through a grammar mastery test and a reading comprehension test and were analyzed by using Two-Way ANOVA and Tukey test assissted by SPSS 16.0. The findings showed that, firstly, the students who were treated by TBLT achieved better reading comprehension than those who were treated by conventional method; secondly, there was an interactional effect between TBLT and grammar mastery upon the students? reading comprehension; thirdly, the students with high grammar mastery gained higher reading comprehension score when they were treated by TBLT than by conventional method; and fourthly, there was significant difference in reading comprehension between the students who had low grammar mastery taught by using TBLT and those who were taught by conventional method. Keywords: task based language teaching, grammar mastery, reading comprehension.

A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF PQRST AND SQ3R STRATEGIES BASED ON THE TEXT TYPES UPON THE EIGHTH GRADE STUDENTSâ€™ READING COMPETENCY AT SMPN 4 SINGARAJA Dedy Sandiarsa Sari, Komang; Tantra, Dewa Komang; Ratminingsih, Ni Made
Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa Inggris Indonesia Vol 1 (2013)
Publisher : Universitas Pendidikan Ganesha

Abstract This research aimed at investigating whether or not there is a different effect between PQRST and SQ3R strategies based on the text types upon the eighth grade students? reading competency. This research was an experimental research with 2 X 2 factorial designs. The population was 6 classes (179 students) of grade VIII in SMPN 4 Singaraja in the academic year 2012/2013, in which 4 classes were sample of this research which was assigned into two groups, two classes with 60 students were PQRST strategy group, and two classes with 60 students were SQ3R strategy group determined by using a Multistage Random Sampling. The data were collected through reading comprehension test that were analyzed by using Statistical Two-Way ANOVA. The result shows that, first, FA = 31.533 with the significant value was 0.000 which was less than 0.5, therefore, there is a significance difference between the students who were taught by PQRST strategy than those who were taught by SQ3R strategy. Second, FAB = 2.624 with the significant value was 0.107 which was higher than 0.5, therefore, there is no interactional effect of teaching reading strategies (PQRST and SQ3R) and text types (narrative and recount) on students? reading competency. Keywords: PQRST strategy, SQ3R strategy, Text Types, Reading Competency.

Home Page

OAI Link

Editorial Team

Contact

Reviewer

Google Scholar

Contact Name
-

Contact Email
-

Phone
-

Journal Mail Official
-

Editorial Address
-

Location
Kota denpasar,

Bali

INDONESIA

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Home Page

OAI Link

Editorial Team

Contact

Reviewer

Google Scholar

Contact Name -

Contact Email -

Phone -

Journal Mail Official -

Editorial Address -

Location Kota denpasar, Bali INDONESIA

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Contact Name
-

Contact Email
-

Phone
-

Journal Mail Official
-

Editorial Address
-

Location
Kota denpasar,

Bali

INDONESIA