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Nexus Biomedika
Published by Universitas Sebelas Maret
ISSN : -     EISSN : -     DOI : -
Core Subject : Science,
Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology
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Articles 292 Documents
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Potency of Moringa Leaf Extract (Moringa oleifera, Lam.) in Lowering the fatty infiltration of Heart on Hypercholesterolemia Rat (Rattus norvegicus). Adinugroho, Raden Ismail Hafidh; Suparyanti, Endang Listyaningsih; Muthmainah, Muthmainah
Nexus Biomedika Vol 6, No 2 (2017): Nexus Biomedika
Publisher : Nexus Biomedika

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Abstract

Introduction: The high consumption of high cholesterol foods associated with increased mortality from cardiovascular disease. Because of the side effects like myopathy and the high price of hipercholestrolemia therapy, public interest for the use of natural medicine increased. Moringa leaves contain flavonoids, polyphenols, and β-sitosterol so that it can reduce fatty infiltration at heart. Histological Study of effect moringa leaves on heart has never been performed before. This study aimed to determine whether the extract of Moringa leaf (Moringa oleifera Lam.) can lower the fatty infiltration of heart on hypercholesterolemia rat model (Rattus norvegicus). Methods: This study was an experimental laboratory with post test only control group design. A sample of male rats were consisting of Sprague Dawley rats, weight 150-200 g, aged 2-3 months. The sampling technique used is incidental sampling. Twenty eight of samples were randomly divided into four groups, each group consisted of 7 rats.Group KK is given aquades. Group K (-), K1, and K2 is given a high-fat diet for 42 days. Group K1 and K2 were each given Moringa leaf extract at a dose of 200 and 400 mg pe kg of body weight from day 42nd until day 70th. Termination was performed on 71th day, then their hearts were prepared for specimen stained with hematoxylin eosin. Heart ventricle fat area was observed with 1000x magnification on light microscope. The data were analyzed using Kruskal-wallis comparative test and then Post-hoc test Mann Whitney was performed (α = 0.05). Results: The observation area of fat at left and right ventricle in KK, K (-), K1, K2 were 378.81±53.32; 1280.15±133.94; 386.74±57.87; and 326.1±29.89 μm. Kruskall-Wallis test showed significant result (p = 0.000). Mann Whitney test results showed no statistically significant difference in area of ventricle fat (p <0.05) among all groups, except between groups of KK and K1 (p = 0.633). Conclusion: The extract of leaves of Moringa (Moringa oleifera Lam.) can reduce steatosis / fatty liver histopathology picture rat heart (Rattus norvegicus) model of hypercholesterolemia.   Keywords:Moringa leaf extract, heart, fatty infiltration, rat.  
Comparison of the effect of alkaline water and metformin towards blood glucose level in diabetic model rats Abdurahim, Ghani; Yudhani, Ratih Dewi
Nexus Biomedika Vol 6, No 2 (2017): Nexus Biomedika
Publisher : Nexus Biomedika

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Abstract

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease, resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. Indonesia ranked 7 out of 10 on countries with the most highest number of diabetic patient. Oxidative stress and high blood glucose level were occurring under diabetic condition. High prevalence of diabetes and expensive cost for treatment lead to development of alternative treatment for diabetes. Alkaline water with pH>7 acts as antioxidant and had been proven to lower blood  glucose level via increase in glucose uptake. Metformin is the first line drugs for type 2 diabetes. The aim of this research was to compare the effect of alkaline water and metformin on blood glucose level of diabetic model rats. Methods: This research was experimental laboratory with the randomized pre and post test controlled-group design. This research was using 24 in total of 2 months old male Wistar albino rats weighting 180-200 g. Rats induced by alloxan 155mg/kg bw on the first day, then randomly divided into 4 groups with different treatments. Negative control group (K-) was given aquadest, positive control (K+) metformin 9mg/200g bw, Alkaline water 1 (Alk1) 23 ml, and alkaline water 2 (Alk2) 46 ml of alkaline water. These treatment was given once daily on the 5th until 12th day. Blood glucose level was measured three times: before induced by alloxan, after induced by alloxan, and post-treatment. Data were analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA (α = 0.05) followed by Multiple Comparisons LSD (α = 0.05). Result: The mean of post-treatment blood glucose level on K-, K+, Alk1, Alk2  respectively (in mg/dl) were 242.33±50,06; 67.83±12.90; 71.83±8,37; 70.83±9.72. The result of Repeated Measures Anova showed significant difference on mean blood glucose level (p=0.000). The result of LSD on mean of blood glucose level reduction showed significant difference (p=0.000) between K- and K+, K- and Alk1, K- and Alk2. The results of LSD showed no significant difference between K+  and Alk1 (p=0.536) as well as K+ and Alk2 (p=0.280).Conclusions: Alkaline water has comparable effect with metformin on blood glucose level of diabetic model rats.Keywords: alkaline water, metformin, blood glucose level, alloxan 
Comparison of Hematology Analyzer Cyanmethemoglobin Method and Point-of-Care Testing (POCT) Electrode-Based Biosensor Method in Measurement of Hemoglobin SHIDQI, LISANA; KUSUMAWATI, RATNA; YUDHANI, RATIH DEWI
Nexus Biomedika Vol 6, No 2 (2017): Nexus Biomedika
Publisher : Nexus Biomedika

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Abstract

Introduction: Measurement of hemoglobin concentration can be done by hematology analyzer (HA) cyanmethemoglobin method (gold standard) and point-of-care testing (POCT) electrode-based biosensor method. POCT electrode-based biosensor method is one of the hemoglobin POCT and has not been studied before in Indonesia. This study examined the difference and correlation hemoglobin concentration by HA cyanmethemoglobin method and POCT electrode-based biosensor method. Methods: This was a cross sectional study in 4 senior high schools of Sukoharjo in Indonesia on Desember, 2016. Senior high schools were selected using a simple random sampling and senior high schools grade selected using a stratified random sampling. Among 173 grade 10 and 11 senior high school girls in this study the capillary and venous blood samples were collected. Capillary blood sample collected was immediately processed to measure the hemoglobin concentration using POCT electrode-based biosensor method and venous blood sample was collected to measure the hemoglobin concentration using HA cyanmethemoglobin method. Statistical analyses used were Mann-Whitney and Spearman’s correlation coefficient (α=0.05). Results: Hemoglobin concentration determined by the POCT electrode-based biosensor method compared to HA cyanmethemoglobin method was significantly different (p=0.000 ) and there was positive moderate correlation (r=0.438; p=0.000). Conclusions: Hemoglobin concentration assessment by POCT electrode-based biosensor method has shown significantly different and positive correlation with HA cyanmethemoglobin method. Keywords: hemoglobin concentration, HA cyanmethemoglobin method, POCT electrode-based biosensor method 
Roxburghine B and OxoxylopinePotential as Hepcidin Antagonist Insilico for Inflammatory Anemia Yotriana, Safirah .; Suselo, Yuliana Heri; ., Muthmainah .
Nexus Biomedika Vol 6, No 2 (2017): Nexus Biomedika
Publisher : Nexus Biomedika

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Abstract

Introduction: Anemia affects half a billion women in the world and become a problem, especially in pregnant women. One of the cause of anemia is inflammatory disease which also has a high prevalence in Indonesia. Therapies currently used to treat anemia are based on the underlying disease. Anticalin is a protein that works as hepcidin antagonist. Anticalin has completed the clinical phase II, but it has not been distributed to public market yet. Therefore, a new, easily accessible and more effective drug is required. Indonesian herbs have been widely used as medicinal plants in the community and are potential to be developed as drugs. The purpose of this study is to identify Indonesian phytochemicals that can act as hepcidin antagonist. Methods: The research was a bioinformatics study with molecular docking method. Three-dimensional structure of human hepcidin as a target protein and Anticalinas a standar therapy were downloaded from the website of the Protein Data Bank (PDB). The active compounds were obtained from HerbalDB and the three-dimensional structure was from PubChem National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). This study was performing using AutoDock Vina 1.1.2 to analyze the binding affinity. Molecular modification was performed with Autodock Tools 1.5.6. Visualization was done with Chimera 1.10 and PyMol 1.3. Results: The docking scores between hepcidin and Anticalin was -4.6 kcal/mol at Cys13,Cys14, Arg16, and Ser17. The compound Roxburghine B and Oxoxylopine could interact with the ligand binding domain and had the docking scores lower than Anticalin. Conclusions: Roxburghine B and Oxoxylopine are potential to become hepcidin antagonists insilico for inflammatory anemia. Keywords: anemia inflamasi, phytochemical, molecular docking, hepcidin, Anticalin  
In Vitro Antihelmintic Effect of Mahagoni (Swietenia mahagoni Jacq) Seeds Etanol ExtractAgainst Ascaris suum Goeze Salam, Yusuf Arif; Sari, Yulia; Setyawan, Sigit
Nexus Biomedika Vol 6, No 2 (2017): Nexus Biomedika
Publisher : Nexus Biomedika

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Abstract

Introduction: Mahagoni seeds contain flavonoid, saponin, and tannin that that have been known having anthelmintic effect. This study aimed to determine the antihelmintic effect of mahagoni (Swietenia mahagoni Jacq) seeds etanol extract against Ascaris suum Goeze in vitro.   Methods:The study was a laboratory experimental research using post – test only controlled group design. The subject were adult Ascaris suum Goeze worms. The sampling technique used was quota sampling. This research was using mahagoni (Swietenia mahagoni Jazq) seeds etanol extractwith concentration 30% w/v, 50% w/v, 70% w/v, 90% w/v, NaCl 0.9% (negative control), and albendazol 0.5% (positive control).Data were analyzed with Pearson correlation test to determine correlation between concentration of mahagoni (Swietenia mahagoni Jacq) seeds etanol extract  and amount of worms death. Probit analysis has been done to find LC50. Results: Pearson correlation test  showed significant result p=0.00 and strong correlation r = 0.87. Probit analysis results showed LC50mahagoni (Swietenia mahagoni Jacq) seeds etanol extract was 40.66% w/v. It means that 40,66% concentration of mahagoni (Swietenia mahagoni Jacq) seeds etanol extract can cause the death of half sample. Conclusions:Mahagoni(Swietenia mahagoni Jacq) seeds etanol extract had effects to the mortality of Ascaris suum Goeze in vitro with strong correlation between additional amount of extract concentration and amount of worms with LC50value= 40,66% w/v. Keywords :Antihelminthic, Swietenia mahagoni Jacq, alkaloid, Ascaris suum Goeze 
Antifungal Test of Caricature Plant (Graptophyllum pictum [L.] Griff.) Ethanol Extract to The Growth of Candida albicans In Vitro Sari, Victoria Husadani Permata; Haryati, Sri; Setyawan, Sigit
Nexus Biomedika Vol 6, No 1 (2017): Nexus Biomedika
Publisher : Nexus Biomedika

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Abstract

Introduction: Much of data states that there has been resistance to candidiasis therapy drugs. It is necessary to consider candidiasis therapy using alternative medicines. Caricature plant (Graptophyllum pictum [L.] Griff.) investigated because it suspected contains compounds that have the potential against the growth of Candida albicans, such as alkaloid, saponin, tannin and flavonoid. The purpose of this research is to determine the antifungal effect of caricature plant (Graptophyllum pictum [L.] Griff.) ethanol extract to the growth of Candida albicans in vitro. Methods: This type of research is an laboratory experimental, post test only with control group design. Research conducted at the Laboratory of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine Sebelas Maret University. The subject of this research is Candida albicans cultured. The measured variable is the caricature plant (Graptophyllum pictum [L.] Griff.) ethanol extract with concentration 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, and diameter of inhibition zone. The data were taken after incubation at 37°C for 48 hour. Data were analyzed with Pearson correlation test dan one way ANOVA test with Post-Hoc Tamhane test. Results: Pearson correlation test showed that there are positive correlation between the antifungal effect with increase concentration of caricature plant (Graptophyllum pictum [L.] Griff) ethanol extract. There is significant differences between all concentrations with negative control. There is no significant differences between antifungal effects of concentration 35% with ketoconazole. Conclusion: Caricature plant (Graptophyllum pictum [L.] Griff.) ethanol extract starting concentration at 15% has antifungal effect to the growth of Candida albicans. Caricature plant (Graptophyllum pictum [L.] Griff) ethanol extract concentration of 35% is thought to have an equal effect with the antifungal ketoconazole. Keywords: Caricature plant (Graptophyllum pictum [L.] Griff.) ethanol extract, the antifungal effect, Candida albicans 
The Effectivity of Low Dose Steroid for Reducing Intestinal Inflammation Grade in Mice Model of Sepsis Early Stage Medita Prasetyo; Endang Ediningsih; Sarsono .
Nexus Biomedika Vol 4, No 1 (2015): Nexus Biomedika
Publisher : Nexus Biomedika

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Background: Sepsis is a systemic inflammatory response syndrome, which activates apoptosis of the mucous lining of gastrointestinal tract. The use of steroids as inflammatory therapies in sepsis is still debated. This study aimed to determine the effect of steroid in low dose on intestinal inflammation grade in mice model of Sepsis early stage. Method : This study was an experimental laboratory with the post test only controlled group design. The sample was 25 male Balb/C mice, divided into five groups, namely: control (K1), sepsis (K2), sepsis + low dose steroid (K3), sepsis + moderate dose steroid (K4), sepsis + high dose steroid (K5). The models of sepsis were given cecal inoculums material 4 mg/kgBW/day/i.p for 5 days. Two hours after i.p injection of cecal inoculums, the mice were given dexamethasone with doses 0.05; 0.25; 2.50 mg/kgBW/day/i.v, representing low, moderate, and high dose steroid therapy for 5 days. Histological preparation of intestines was made on day 6, while the anti inflammatory effect of steroid therapy was measured based on inflammatory grading according to Chang et al. Data were analyzed using Kruskal Wallis method and Mann Whitney method. The values of p < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Result : The study showed grading inflammation of mice within groups were: K1: grade 0 (100%); K2: grade 2 (60%) and grade 3 (40%); K3: grade 0 (40%) and grade 1 (60%); K4: grade 2 (20%) and grade 3 (80%); K5: grade 3 (40%) and grade 4 (60%). There was significant difference between groups: K1-K2 (p = 0.005), K2-K3 (p = 0.007), K2-K5 group (p = 0.020), K3-K4 (p = 0.006), K3-K5 (p = 0.007), K4-K5 (p = 0.042). Conclusion: Low dose steroid effectively reduces intestinal inflammation grade in mice model of sepsis early stage. Keywords: Steroid dose, inflammation grade, sepsis.
ScreeningEffectiveness of The Extract of Sambiloto (Andrographis paniculata), Serai (Cymbopogon citrates) and Meniran (Phyllanthus niruri L.) as Dengue AntiviralIn Vitro Sarah Luthfiani; Ratih Dewi Yudhani; Leli Saptawati
Nexus Biomedika Vol 5, No 1 (2016): Nexus Biomedika
Publisher : Nexus Biomedika

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Introduction: Dengue virus infection isone of the emergency infectious diseases in the world. Morbidity and mortality of dengue fever in Indonesia is relatively high.There is no specific therapy for dengue infection. The main treatment principle of dengue infection is supportive therapy such as replacement of body fluids. Indonesia has natural product which can be potential as an antiviral for dengue therapy, such as sambiloto (Andrographis paniculata), serai (Cymbopogon citrates) and meniran (Phyllanthus niruri L.). The aim of this research is to determine the effectiveness of the extract of sambiloto (Andrographis paniculata), serai (Cymbopogon citrates) and meniran (Phyllanthus niruri L.) as dengue antiviral in vitro. Methods:This study was a laboratory experimental research using dengue virus serotype 2 strain New guinea C (DENV2 NGC) which was infected into Huh-7 cell line as the subject of the research. This researchwas conducted in 2 parts. First ,inhibition test of the extract against DENV2 was assessed by the percentage of infectivity with Focus Forming Unit assay method . Second ,toxicity test of the extracts in HuH - 7 cells was assessed by the percentage of viability by MTT assay method. Effective herbs extract as a dengue antiviral was an extract that had average percentage of infectivity20% and average percentage of viability > 50%. Results: The extracts of sambiloto, serai, and meniranhad average percentage of infectivity: 53.8%; 114.4%; and 51.9%respectively. While the average percentage of viability were: 105.9%; 95.7%; and 98.6%respectively. Conclusion: The extracts of sambiloto (Andrographis paniculata), serai (Cymbopogon citrates), and meniran (Phyllanthus niruri L.) were not effective as dengue antiviral in vitro. Keywords: Andrographis paniculata, Cymbopogon citrates, Phyllanthus niruri L., DENV2 NGC,HuH-7.
Perbandingan Efektivitas Handrub Softa-Man Dan Formula Handrub Moewardi Terhadap Angka Kuman Di RSUD Dr. Moewardi Henrikus Jeffrey F .L; Leli Saptawati; . Marwoto
Nexus Biomedika Vol 2, No 1 (2013): Nexus Biomedika
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Background: Nosocomial infections are important clinical problem, indicated by many cases on the incidence of nosocomial infections. To overcome this incident, a lot of researchers have conducted variety of ways, one of them is hand hygiene. Two different kinds of hand hygiene alcohol-based products were used in this study, handrub Softa-man and Moewardis handrub formula. The effectiveness of both handrub in reducing the number of bacteria was compared on health-care workers. Methods: This study was a quasi-experimental study. The study was conducted at hospital wards in Dr. Moewardi Hospital. Respondents were taken by consecutive sampling. There were two groups in this study, the group that received handrub Softa-man and the group that received Moewardis handrub formula. Each group was observed for the effectiveness in reducing the number of bacteria. The data that had been collected then were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney test and followed by Wilcoxon test. Results: The results of this study showed that both groups managed to reduce the number of bacteria. Wilcoxon test result showed a difference in the number of bacteria before and after hand washing where the number of bacteria after hand washing was fewer than before hand washing. The result of Mann-Whitney test showed that there was no statistical difference in the decreased number of bacteria when both handrub were compared. Conclusions: There was no significant difference in the decreased number of bacteria between the Softa-man handrub and Moewardis handrub formula usage. Keywords: Handrubs effectiveness, Alcohol-based handrub, Softa-man, Moewardis formula, Number of bacteria.
Pengaruh Elektroakupuntur Titik Weishu (BL 21) dan Zusanli (ST 36) terhadap Perbaikan Mukosa Pylorus Tikus yang Dipapar Bising Intermittent Paksi Suryo Bawono; . Balgis; Selfi Handayani
Nexus Biomedika Vol 3, No 1 (2014): Nexus Biomedika
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Background: Noise is a stressor which can negatively effect to the body.Intermittent noise will give more influence to stomach, namely in the form of an increase in the production of stomach acid that interferes with the mechanism of gastric cytoprotection. Electro-acupuncture on Weishu (BL 21) and Zusanli (ST 36) acupoints has potential to repair damaged mucosal pylorus due to noisy stress.This research aimed to knowthe influence of electro-acupuncture on Weishu (BL 21) and Zusanli (ST 36)acupoints against pyloric mucosal repair of rats exposed to intermittent noise. Methods: This study was laboratory experimental group post-test only designs. Subjects were Rattus norvegicus with inclusion criteria male, Wistar strain, weight 250-300 g, and 2 months old. Subjects were randomly drawn 28 rats, divided into: Group K (control), P1(no time to recover and no electro-acupuncture stimulation), P2 (given time to recover naturally for 30 days) and P3 (stimulated with electro-acupuncture). After adapted for 7 days all subjects of the groups, except group K, were exposed to intermittent noise at 95 dB with one-hour exposure settings, one-hour break for 12 hours within 14 days. Stimulation on Weishu acupoint (BL 21) was conducted at 2-3mA, 1ms duration, 50Hz frequency for 15min, 3mm pierced into the skin. While Stimulation on Zusanli accupoint ( ST 36 ) was done at 2-3mA with 0.5ms duration at 4Hz frequencies for 20min, plugging 3mm into the skin. Next day, all of the subjects were sacrificed by cervical dislocation. Pylorus were taken and histological preparations were made by HE staining. The results were assessed with the Barthel index. Henceforth, the data obtained were tested by statistical tests One Way ANOVA ( ? = 0.05 ) followed by LSD . Results: Based on statistics analysis, there was a significant difference between the groups K-P1, K- P2, K-P3, P1-P2 and P1-P3. In contrast, there was no significant difference between P2 and P3. Conclusion: There was not statistically proven effects ofWeishu point electro-acupuncture (BL 21) and Zusanli (ST 36)against gastric mucosa repair rat intermittent noise, but when seen in the data were the result of a decrease in the degree of mucosal damage. Keywords: Electro-acupunctur Weishu (BL 21) and Zusanli (ST 36) acupoints , intermittent noise , pylorus

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