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INDONESIA
Nexus Kedokteran Translasional
Published by Universitas Sebelas Maret
ISSN : -     EISSN : -     DOI : -
Core Subject : Health,
Medicine & Pharmacology
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Articles 123 Documents
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Boeravinone F, Withanolide D, and Chitranone are a Potential Antagonist of Angiotensin Receptor 1 Insilico for Hypertension Treatment Ningtyas, Febri; Wulandari, Sri; ., Balqis
Nexus Kedokteran Translasional Vol 6, No 1 (2017): Nexus Kedokteran Translasional
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Sebelas Maret Surakarta

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Abstract

Introduction: Hypertension is a silent killer which can cause complications such as heart diseases, stroke, and chronic kidney diseases. Olmesartan is a one of the Angiotensin Receptor Blockers (ARBs) for an alternative treatment of hypertension. However, this drug has low bioavailability, short duration, and partial agonist against angiotensin 1 receptor (AT1). Indonesia has more than 6.000 phytochemicals which are derived from various herbal plants but their therapeutic effects are unknown. Molecular docking is an initial step to find new drug candidates that have shorter time and lower cost. Therefore, this study aimed to identify phytochemicals as an AT1 antagonist through molecular docking for hypertension treatment.  Methods: This was a bioinformatics study. Research samples were all phytochemicals registered in HerbalDB, had 3 dimention structure, and met criteria of Lipinskis rule of five. Olmesartan was used as a standard ligand and obtained from PubChem. AT1 receptor was downloaded from Protein Data Bank. Validation of receptor-standard ligand binding complexes was done by using Autodock Vina 1.1.2 five times. Docking results were visualized using Pymol 1.7 and Chimera 1.10. Data were analyzed using  docking scores, binding sites, molecular conformation, and criteria of Lipinskis rule of five.  Results: Olmesartan had -9.9 Kcal/mol docking score and interacted with the AT1 receptor at Tyr35, Trp84, dan Arg167 residues. Boeravinone F (-10,2 Kcal/mol), Chitranone (-10,5 Kcal/mol), and Withanolide D (-10,8 Kcal/mol) had lower docking score than olmesartan. These phytochemicals had binding sites as same as olmesartan except Chitranone with an additional binding site  at Asp281 residue. The phytochemicals  had different conformation from olmesartan but had similarity of chemical properties with olmesartan.  Conclusions: Boeravinone F, Chitranone, and Withanolide D can be potential as an AT1 receptor inhibitor insilico for hypertension treatment. Keywords: hypertension, AT1 receptor, olmesartan, phytochemicals, molecular docking.
Indonesian Pythochemical as Erythropoietin Agonist In Sillico to Treatment Anemia in Chronic Kidney Disease Kamil, Muhammad Rizki; Suselo, Yuliana Heri; Wulandari, R. Aj Sri
Nexus Kedokteran Translasional Vol 6, No 1 (2017): Nexus Kedokteran Translasional
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Sebelas Maret Surakarta

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Abstract

Background: Anemia is the most frequent complication in CKD and until now the its treatment still hampered effectiveness and efficiency. Indonesia is known to have 9,600 species of plants that have a pharmacological effect and some compounds have been created for 3D structures and databases. Molecular docking is beginning of the process of the invention the drug most widely used. This study aims to screen Indonesian herbal plant that has activity as an agonist of erythropoietin receptor for treatment of anemia in CKD development with molecular docking method. Methods: The research was a bioinformatics study which utilized all phytochemicals in HerbalDB that had PubChem access code and met the criteria for Lipinskis rule of five as sample. The complex of Epo-EpoR was obtained from the Protein Data Bank, code: 1CN4. Validation of truncated Epo with EpoR needed to get docking scores and binding site at EpoR. Molecular docking between phytochemical compounds with EpoR models was done using AutodockVina 1.1.2. Visualization of docking results was done using PyMOL 1.7.4. Results: There are 12 phytochemicals that have 10 of 17 in common EpoR binding site. There are seven of them met the criteria phytochemical Lipniskis rule of five and then two phytochemicals are selected which has the most variation binding site to EpoR, 18 sites. Gibberellin A51 and Miraxanthin-III were two selected phytochemicals of the most potentially as EpoR agonist based on analysis of docking scores, binding site similarity with truncated Epo, and Lipinskis rule of five criterias. Conclussion: Gibberellin A51 and Miraxanthin-III were the most potent Indonesian phytochemicals that could be a EpoR agonist to development of treatment anemia in CKD. Keywords: Anemia, CKD, EpoR agonists, Indonesian phytochemicals, molecular docking
Renoprotective Effect of Orthosiphon stamineus Benth. Leaves Extract Against Renal Histological Damage on Mice (Mus musculus) Induced by Reheated Palm Oil Candra Aji Setiawan; Bambang Widjokongko; Siti Utari
Nexus Kedokteran Translasional Vol 3, No 1 (2014): Nexus Kedokteran Translasional
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Sebelas Maret Surakarta

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Abstract

Backgrounds: Orthosiphon stamineus Benth. contains active substances polyphenols which are predominantly in the leaves. Polyphenols are capable to reduce oxidative stress dan halt lipid peroxidation on renal cells because of its antioxidant properties. Palm oil is widely used in Indonesia. It is known that reheated palm oil can damage renal cells by inducing lipid peroxidation reaction. The objective of this study is to know renoprotective effect of Orthosiphon stamineus Benth. to inhibit damage to the renal cells of mice (Mus musculus) induced by reheated palm oil. Methods: This study was an experimental laboratory with a post test only controlled group design. Samples were male Swiss-Webster mice, 2-3 months old and 25 g in weight, taken as many as 25 heads by incidental sampling and divided into 5 groups randomly. For 14 days, the Negative Control Group (KK (-)) were given aquadest, the Positive Control Group (KK (+)) were given reheated palm oil, and Treatment Group 1-3 (KP1-3) ??were given reheated palm oil and Orthosiphon stamineus Benth. leaves extract with multilevel dose 3.5 mg, 7 mg, and 14 mg. On day 15, mice were terminated and the kidneys were made ??preparations by the method of Paraffin Blocks and HE staining. Kidney histological features assessed by the sum of proximal tubular cells that undergo pyknosis, karyorhexsis, and karyolysis. Data were analyzed using the Kruskall-Wallis test (? = 0.05) and post hoc test of Mann-Whitney (? = 0,05). Results: Kruskal-Wallis test results showed a significant difference among the five study groups p = 0.000 (p < 0,05). Mann-Whitney test results showed significant differences between KK (-) - KK (+), KK (-) - KP1, KK (-) - KP2, KK (-) - KP3, KK (+) - KP1, KK (+ ) - KP2, KK (+) - KP3, KP1 - KP2, KP2 - KP3 (p < 0,05) and a non-significant difference between KP1 - KP3 (p < 0,05). Conclusions: Leaves extract of Orthosiphon stamineus Benth. have renoprotective effects on renal histological damage of mice (Mus musculus) induced by reheated palm oil. Keywords: Orthosiphon stamineus Benth. leaves extract, reheated palm oil, renal histological damage.
Effectivity of Ethanol Extract of Bintaro Seed (Cerbera manghas) as Larvacide against Anopheles aconitus Larvae Muhammad Natsir; Bambang Sukilarso Sakiman; Yusuf Ari Mashuri
Nexus Kedokteran Translasional Vol 5, No 2 (2016): Nexus Kedokteran Translasional
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Sebelas Maret Surakarta

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Abstract

Introduction: Malaria is still one of the public health problem that can cause death, especially in the high risk groups; babies, toddlers, and pregnant women. One of the strategy to reduce the number of cases is vector management and control using larvacides which are derived from plants. Bintaro seed (Cerbera manghas) is known containing cerberins, saponins, tanins, and steroids. This study aimed to determine effectivity bintaro seed (Cerbera manghas) ethanol extract as a larvacide against Anopheles aconitus larvae. Methods: This was a laboratory experimental research with post test only control group design. The object of this research was the larva of Anopheles aconitus that was divided into seven groups with each group contains 25 larvae. The research was replicated four times. The negative control group was 100 ml of aquadest. The other six groups contained different concentration of ethanol extract of bintaro seed. They were 0,125%, 0,25%, 0,375%, 0,5%, 0,625%, and 0,75%. The samples then were observered after being stored in 24 hours and the number of dead larvae were counted. The data were analyzed using Probit Regression and Curve Estimation. Results: LC50 and LC99 were 0,118% and 0,728% respectively. The Curve Estimation showed that ethanol extract of bintaro seed affects the mortality of Anopheles aconitus larvae with tight correlation R2 = 0,709. Its linear regression equation was Y = 0,592 + 0,641 X. Conclusions: The ethanol extract of bintaro seed (Cerbera manghas) is effective as a larvacide against Anopheles aconitus larvae with its LC50 in 0,118% and LC99 0,728%. Keywords: bintaro seed (Cerbera manghas), Anopheles aconitus larvae
Pengaruh Ekstrak Etanol Belimbing Wuluh (Averrhoa bilimbi Linn.) dengan Variasi Dosis terhadap Kadar Testosteron Bebas Tikus Putih (Rattus norvegicus) Nur Zahratul Jannah; Muchsin Doewes; . Kisrini
Nexus Kedokteran Translasional Vol 2, No 1 (2013): Nexus Kedokteran Translasional
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Sebelas Maret Surakarta

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Abstract

Background: Belimbing wuluh (Averrhoa bilimbi Linn.) contains apigenin and luteolin as natural flavonoids, and antioxidants that may increase testosterone levels. Apigenin and luteolin increase testosterone levels by enhancing StAR (Steroidogenic Acute Regulatory) activity. Antioxidant protects cell from oxidative stress caused by ROS (Reactive Oxygen Species). This study aimed to evaluate the effect of variation dosage of Belimbing Wuluh (Averrhoa bilimbi Linn.) ethanolic extract on free testosterone levels in rats (Rattus norvegicus) Methods: This was a pure experimental study with randomized post test only controlled group design. Samples were 24 male Wistar strain rats, 8-10 weeks aged and weighted 200 g on average. Samples were randomly divided into 4 groups, each group consists of six rats. Group K were given aquadest for 14 days. Group P1, P2, P3 were given ethanolic extract of belimbing wuluh orally at dose 57 mg/200 g body weight of rats, 114 mg/200 g body weight of rats, and 228 mg/200 g body weight of rats for 14 days. At 15th, blood were drawn from retroorbitalis plexus using microtubuler tube and free testosterone level were measured. Free testosterone levels of rats were measured by using ELISA (Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay) method. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA test (? = 0.05). Results: Mean free testosterone levels in group K was 2.40 2.02 ng/ml; in group P1 was 1.76 1.01 ng/ml, in group P2 was 1.58 0.53 ng/ml and in group P3 was 1.68 0.64 ng/ml. Results for one-way ANOVA test showed no mean different (p=0.642). Conclusions: There were no effect between variation dosage of belimbing wuluh (Averrhoa bilimbi Linn.) ethanolic extract on free testosterone level in rats (Rattus norvegicus). Keywords: Averrhoa bilimbi Linn. extract, flavonoid, free testosterone level
Difference between Salivary pH Before and After Rinsing with White and Green Tea Solution Dahniar Rizki Fahriani; Widia Susanti; Pradipto Subiyantoro
Nexus Kedokteran Translasional Vol 5, No 1 (2016): Nexus Kedokteran Translasional
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Sebelas Maret Surakarta

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Abstract

Introduction: White and green tea contains Epigalocathechin-3-Gallate (EGCG) which is reported has bacteriostatic and bactericidal activity, thereby reducing the production of acid. White tea also has myricetin triglycoside compounds which is has antimicrobial effect and not found in the other types of tea. This study aims to determine whether there are differences in salivary pH before and after rinsing with white and green tea solution. Methods: This research was a quasi experimental with the pretest and posttest without control group design type. The samples were 34 people of medical students of UNS batch 2012-2014 chosen by purposive quota sampling technique. The samples were divided by simple random sampling technique into 2 groups, ie white tea group and green tea group. Every sample was taken out their saliva in the morning and early salivary pH was measured, then the first group rinsing with 20 ml white tea solution for 60 seconds and second group rinsing with 20 ml green tea solution for 60 seconds. After that, saliva was taken out again and measured as the final salivary pH. The collected data were analyzed with statistical Two Way (Within-Between) ANOVA test, the difference would be significant if p < 0.05. Results: This research showed that there were significant differences between salivary pH before and after each treatment group with the rinsing of white or green tea solution (p < 0.000). Differences in salivary pH before and after rinsing between white tea group and green tea group showed no significant difference (p = 0.981). Conclusion: Rinsing with white and green tea solution could increase salivary pH equally. Keywords: salivary pH, white tea, green tea, rinsing
Efek Proteksi Biji Mahoni (Swietenia mahagoni Jacq.) terhadap Kerusakan Hepar Mencit yang Diinduksi Parasetamol Dahniar Endahfuri; Endang Listyaningsih; Yulia Sari
Nexus Kedokteran Translasional Vol 1, No 1 (2012): Nexus Kedokteran Translasional
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Sebelas Maret Surakarta

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Abstract

Background: Seedof Swietenia mahagoni Jacq. contains alkaloids, saponins, flavonoids, triterpenoids, steroids, and tannins which were thought to protect liver from free radicals.In present study, Swietenia mahagony Jacq.seed extract was evaluated for its protective effect on paracetamol-induced liver damage in mice. Methods:To evaluate thehepatoprotectiveeffects of Swietenia mahagony Jacq. seed extract, 28 male Swiss webster micewere equallydividedinto fourgroups. Animals of group I (K) and group II (P1) were given aquadest for 14 days. Group III (P2) received 14 mg/25 g body weight of mice of Swietenia mahagony Jacq. seed extract and the last group (P3)received 28 mg/25 g body weight of mice of Swietenia mahagony Jacq. seed extract for 14 days.Paracetamol was given to groups of P1, P2, andP3.Mice were sacrificedon the 15th day and histological preparation was made to evaluate histological damage on liver. Liver histological features were assessed by counting the number of hepatocyte on centrolobuler zone undergoing pyknosis, karyorhexis, and karyolysis. Data were analyzed using the OneWay ANOVA test (? = 0.05) and then were continued with Post Hoc Multiple Comparisons (LSD) test (? = 0.05). Results:The mean liver histological damage score was significantly higher on group of P1=60.71+7.521, whilegroup of K= 9.86+1.574 as the less.P2grouphad fewer numbers of liver histological damage (32.57+2.573) compared to the P3group(43.57+3.101). The results of OneWay ANOVA and LSD test showed that there was significant difference between the four groups (p = 0.000). Conclusions:Swietenia mahagony Jacq.seed extract showed protective effect against the hepatotoxicity induced by paracetamolin mice.Swietenia mahagony Jacq.seedextract with the dose of 14 mg/25 g bodyweight of mice showed a higher hepatoprotective effect than the dose of 28 mg/25 g body weight of mice. Keywords:Swietenia mahagony Jacq. seed, liver damage,paracetamol
The Difference of Efficacy Between Granule Form of Pandan Wangi Leaf (Pandanus amaryllifolius Roxb.) Extract and Abate Against Aedes aegypti L. Dewi Nur Khotimah; Sutartinah Sri Handayani; Sri Haryati
Nexus Kedokteran Translasional Vol 4, No 2 (2015): Nexus Kedokteran Translasional
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Sebelas Maret Surakarta

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Abstract

Background: Abatisasi is considered quite effective against Aedes aegypti L. as a dengue hemorrhaegic fever vector. Improperly use of abate dose can interfere human health and prolonged use can cause larvae resistance so that need an alternative larvicide. Granule of pandan wangi leaf extract (Pandanus amaryllifolius Roxb.) has a potention to be an alternative larvicide. This study aims to determine the effectiveness differences between pandan wangi leaf extract granule with abate against Aedes aegypti L. Methods: This study uses a quasi-experimental method with the approach posttest only control group design. This study was conducted in September and October 2014 in B2P2VRP Salatiga using the inclusion and exclusion criteria have been determined. The sampling technique used is incidental sampling. The independent variable is abate and pandan wangi leaf extract granule, while the dependent variable is the number of Aedes aegypti L. larvae instar III that be dead. Researcher compare into two different groups, namely pandan wangi leaf extract granule with various concentrations and abate. The data analysis used is One Way ANOVA continuing with LSD test and Probit Analysis. Results: The effectiveness of pandan wangi leaf extract granule is more lower than abate. The result of One Way ANOVA test shows a significance value p <0:01 (p <0.05), which means that there is a significant difference in mortality between the treatment group of larvae and the differences is statistically significant. The result of LSD test shows that abate 1% is significantly different with pandan wangi leaf extract granule 1.5%, 3.5% and 8%, while abate 1% is not significantly different with pandan wangi leaf extract granule 12.5% and 17%. The result of Probit Analysis shows LC50 is 7.007% and LC99 is 94,745%. Conclusions: There is an effectiveness difference between pandan wangi leaf extract granule with abate to against Aedes ageypti L. larvae. Keywords: Aedes aegypti L., pandan wangi leaf extract granule, abate.
Screening of Indonesian Pythochemicals as Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonist In Silico in Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus Humamuddin .; R Aj Sri Wulandari; Yuliana Heri Suselo
Nexus Kedokteran Translasional Vol 6, No 1 (2017): Nexus Kedokteran Translasional
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Sebelas Maret Surakarta

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Abstract

Background: Prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) continues to rise in the world, while DM therapy using oral antidiabetic drug (OAD) was still not effective. GLP-1R agonist was a drug that has been developed because it can lower blood sugar levels without hypoglycemic effect. However, GLP-1R agonists have severe side effects such as pancreatitis, thyroid cancer, and pancreatic cancer. Indonesia has 9,600 herbal plants, some of which have a pharmacological effect that could potentially be developed as a drug. This study aimed to identify the Indonesian pythochemicals that have activity as GLP-1R agonist in silico. Methods: The research was a bioinformatics study which utilized all phytochemicals in HerbalDB that had PubChem access code and met the criteria for Lipinski's rule of five as sample. Truncated Exendin-4 was used as standard compound. The structure of Exendin-4 bound to GLP-1R was obtained from the Protein Data Bank, code: 3C5T. Validation of truncated Exendin-4 with GLP-1R needed to get docking scores and binding site at GLP-1R. Molecular docking between phytochemical compounds with GLP-1R models was done using AutodockVina 1.1.2. Visualization of docking results was done using PyMOL 1.7.4. GLP-1R agonist candidates were analyzed based on binding affinity, binding site similarity, and Lipinski's rule of five criterias. Results: Weighteone and Eupatorin were two selected phytochemicals of the most potentially be GLP-1R agonist based on analysis of docking scores and binding site similarity with truncated Exendin-4. Weighteone and Eupatorin bound to Glu68, Glu127, and Glu128 of GLP-1R. Weighteone had docking scores of -5.12 kcal/mol, -6.22 kcal/mol, and -3.88 kcal/mol lower than truncated Exendin-4. Eupatorin had docking scores of -5.02 kcal/mol, -6 kcal/mol, and -3.58 kcal/mol lower than truncated Exendin-4. Conclusion: Weighteone and Eupatorin were the potential Indonesian phytochemicals that could be a GLP-1R agonist in silico. Future studies using Molecular Dynamics Simulation (MDS) method is required to validate this result. In vitro studies are also needed to evaluate these phytochemicals activity as GLP-1R agonists. Keywords: GLP-1R agonists, Indonesian phytochemicals, molecular docking, diabetes mellitus.
Exposure of hazardous compounds in Furniture Painting Induces Oxidative Stress through Increasing Plasma Malondialdehyde (MDA) Levels Ratna Oktaviani; Sinu Andhi Jusup; Dono Indarto
Nexus Kedokteran Translasional Vol 4, No 1 (2015): Nexus Kedokteran Translasional
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Sebelas Maret Surakarta

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Abstract

Background: Some heavy metals and organic solvents like toluene and formaldehydeare hazardous chemicals that are usually used to paint furniture.These compounds may increase oxidative stress andassociatewithseveraldiseases.Oxidative stress is characterized by high levels of free radicals, which induce macromolecule oxidation including lipid. Lipid is oxidized to become reactive and toxic compounds like ethane and MDA. This study aimed to investigatethedifferences ofplasma MDA levels between furniture painters and non-painters. Method:This study was analytical observationwithcross sectional research design. Thisstudywas conducted in several furniture industries in Taunan, Jepara. 14 people who work as furniture painters were classified as the painter group and 14 people who work as non-furniture painters become the control group. The plasma MDA levels were measured by using Thiobarbituric Acid ReactiveSubstances(TBARS) test. The collected data was statistically analyzed by using student t and multiple linear regression tests. Result:The majority of people in painter group aged between 20-34 years old and was younger than that of control group (25-39 years old). A significant increase in MDA levels was observed in the painter group, compared with MDA levels of the control group (5.74 0.39 vs. 1.94 0.33 mol/L) with p value <0.001. Paint exposure was significantly associated with plasma MDA levels (r = 0,968; = 96,80%; p<0,001).Other factors such as nutritional status, food, psychic, sports and air pollutants had small proportion (3.20%) to increase the MDA levels. Conclusion:Plasma MDA levels of furniture painters increased approximately three-fold and are positively related to paint chemical exposure. This data suggests the possibility of oxidative stressin furniture painters although its pathogenesis needs further investigation. Keywords: Furniture painters,oxidativestress, plasma MDA level

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