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INDONESIA
Nexus Kedokteran Translasional
Published by Universitas Sebelas Maret
ISSN : -     EISSN : -     DOI : -
Core Subject : Health,
Medicine & Pharmacology
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Articles 123 Documents
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The Influence of Brotowali Extract (Tinospora crispa (L.) Miers.)onCholesterol Blood Level of Rattus norvegicus with High Cholesterol Intake Lazuardi, Dicky Maulana; Nurwati, Ida; Wiyono, Nanang
Nexus Kedokteran Translasional Vol 5, No 2 (2016): Nexus Kedokteran Translasional
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Sebelas Maret Surakarta

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Abstract

Introduction: Coronary Heart Disease is the disease that often suffered by Indonesian people which known with high cholesterol rate.Brotowali’s stem contains saponin, flavonoid and polifenol, which potential to inhibit blood  total cholesterolincrease. The research is for to know more the influence of the content of the brotowali’s stem extract against total blood cholesterol levels. Method: This  research is as experimental laboratoric research with Randomized Controlled Trial design that post-test only control group design, have done in Histology Laboratorium of the Sebelas Maret University, Surakarta. The subject are 32 male white rats, Wistar strain, aged 2 months, weighing more or less than 200 grams. Brotowali’s stem extract made by using maceration method in Biological Pharmacy Laboratory, Pharmacy Faculty, Gadjah Mada University. The rat were divided randomly into 4 groups, each group consisting of 8 rats. In the negative control group was only given regular feed, propiltiourasil (PTU) and distilled water, the positive control group was given 5 gramduck egg yolk per 4,5 ml of aquadest, regular feed, PTU and distilled water. Whereas in the treatment group I and II was given 5 gram/4,5 ml of duck egg yolk suspense, regular feed, PTU, water and given 50 mg/200 gr and 100 mg/200gr extract of the brotowali’s stem. Rats were fasted during 12 hours and then their blood cholesterol levels checked after the 21 days treatment period. The sample measured with TMS 24i Premium spectrophotometer with 600 nm wave. The data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA with SPSS for Windows version 22. Result:Total cholesterol levels of negative control group is 91,00±19,46 mg/dl,on the positive control group is 104,12±13,66 mg/dl,on treatment group I is 91,50±16,08 mg/dl and on treatment group 2 is 84,62±13,45 mg/dl.The result of  one-way ANOVA test showed there is no significant total cholesterol blood level difference between 4 groups of rats with p=0,120. Conclusion:Brotowali’s stem extract has not give an effect on total cholesterol blood levels of Rattus norvegicus with high cholesterol intake. Keywords: Brotowali’s stem extract, total cholesterol, Rattus norvergicus  
Anthelmintic Effect of Aniseed (Pimpinella anisum L.) Ethanolic Extract on Ascaris suum Goeze In Vitro Safitri, Okky Dhevi; Dirgahayu, Paramasari; Haryati, Sri
Nexus Kedokteran Translasional Vol 5, No 2 (2016): Nexus Kedokteran Translasional
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Sebelas Maret Surakarta

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Abstract

Introduction: Aniseed (Pimpinella anisum L.) contain trans-anethole and estragole that have anthelmintic effect. This study aimed to determine the anthelmintic effect of aniseed (Pimpinella anisum L.) ethanolic extract on Ascaris suum Goeze in vitro. Methods: The study was a laboratory experimental research using the posttest only controlled group design. Subjects were adult Ascaris suum Goeze. The sampling technique used was purposive sampling. Subjects were divided into 7 groups: NaCl 0,9% (negative control), pyrantel pamoate 5 mg/ml (positive control), aniseed ethanolic extract 200, 225, 250, 275 and 300 mg/ml. Each group consisted of 5 worms, replication performed 5 times. Worms immersed in the solution at 100 ml and incubated at 37°C. Observations of individual worms were made up until all worms in treated group dies. Mean death time of each worms were analyzed by SPSS program version 20 using One Sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov normality test, test of homogeneity of variances (Levene test), One Way ANOVA parametric test and LSD Post Hoc test. Results: Mean death time of each worms Ascaris suum Goeze on aniseed ethanolic extract group concentration 200, 225, 250, 275 and 300 mg/ml were 1.22 ±0.14 hours, 1.01±0.16 hours, 0.80±0,22 hours, 0.64±0.21 hours, and 0.61±0.19 hours, the positive control group was 0.90±0.22 hours, and negative control group did not show worm’s death. Normality and homogeneity test showed normal distribution and homogeneity of the data. One Way ANOVA test showed the difference of mean death time were all significant on all group, LSD Post Hoc test showed the significant mean death time were found on group concentration ≤ 250 mg/ml. Conclusion: Aniseed (Pimpinella anisum L.) ethanolic extract has anthelmintic effect on Ascaris suum Goeze in vitro. Anthelmintic effect on concentration ≤ 225 mg/ml was lower than that on pyrantel pamoate concentration 5 mg/ml, and on concentration ≥ 250 mg/ml was higher than that on pyrantel pamoate concentration 5 mg/ml. Keywords: Aniseed (Pimpinella anisum L.) ethanolic extract, Ascaris suum Goeze, Anthelmintic.
Antioxidant Effect of Bilimbi Fruit (Averrhoa Bilimbi Linn) Extract on SGPT Level in Mice Induced by Reheated Palm Oil Mulyono, Rosi Dwi; Putranto, R Prihandjojo Andri; ., Sarsono
Nexus Kedokteran Translasional Vol 5, No 2 (2016): Nexus Kedokteran Translasional
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Sebelas Maret Surakarta

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Abstract

Introduction: Reheated palm oil was known to contain free radicals that cause damage and death of liver cell, antioxidant is needed to prevent. One source of antioxidant is Bilimbi fruit. This research aims to determine the effect of Bilimbi fruit extract and variant in dosage of Bilimbi fruit extract on levels of Serum Glutamic Piruvic Transaminase in mice induced by reheated palm oil. Methods: This research was a laboratory experimental with a post-test only control grup design. The subject of research was Swiss Webster mice, male, age 2-3 mounths, weight + 20 grams. The subject ware chosen by incidental sampling for 30 individuals, devided randomly into 5 groups, each groups consist of 6 mice. The control group (K) was given aquadest (0,3 ml/20 g BW and 0,2 ml/20 g BW). Mice in treated group 1 (P1) was given aquadest (0,3 ml/20 g BW) and reheated palm oil (0,2 ml/20 g BW). Mice in treated group 2 (P2), treated group 3 (P3) and treated group 4 (P4) was given Bilimbi fruit extract with dosage 5,6 mg/20 g BW; 11,2 mg/20 g BW; and 22,4 mg/20 g BW and reheated palm oil (0,2 ml/20 g BB). Bilimbi fruit extract was given 1 hour before reheated palm oil for 14 days. At the day-15, mice ware sacrificed and the animal blood was collected from pleksus retroorbitalis. The result was analyzed statistically by one way ANOVA and followed by LSD test (α =  0,05). Results: Mean of SGPT level in each group was K = 37,5 + 8,256 U/L; P1 = 50,92 + 8,267 U/L; P2 = 37,08 + 5,043 U/L; P3 = 43,34 + 7,834 U/L; P4 = 51,12 + 13,526 U/L. There wes significant difference between K – P1, K – P4, P1 – P2, and P2 – P4, there was not significant difference between K – P2, K – P3, P1 – P3, P1 – P4, P2 – P3, and P3 – P4. Conclusions: The extract of Bilimbi fruit decrease SGPT level in mice induced by reheated palm oil. An increase in dose of Bilimbi fruit extract cannot increase the influence to decrease SGPT level in mice induced by reheated palm oil. Keywords: Bilimbi fruit extract, SGPT, reheated palm oil, SGPT. 
Effectivity of Ethanol Extract of Bintaro Seed (Cerbera manghas) as Larvacide against Anopheles aconitus Larvae Natsir, Muhammad; Sakiman, Bambang Sukilarso; Mashuri, Yusuf Ari
Nexus Kedokteran Translasional Vol 5, No 2 (2016): Nexus Kedokteran Translasional
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Sebelas Maret Surakarta

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Abstract

Introduction: Malaria is still one of the public health problem that can cause death, especially in the high risk groups; babies, toddlers, and pregnant women. One of the strategy to reduce the number of cases is vector management and control using larvacides which are derived from plants. Bintaro seed (Cerbera manghas) is known containing cerberins, saponins, tanins, and steroids. This study aimed to determine effectivity bintaro seed (Cerbera manghas) ethanol extract as a larvacide against Anopheles aconitus larvae. Methods: This was a laboratory experimental research with post test only control group design. The object of this research was the larva of Anopheles aconitus that was divided into seven groups with each group contains 25 larvae. The  research was replicated four times. The negative control group was 100 ml of aquadest. The other six groups contained different concentration of ethanol extract of bintaro seed. They were 0,125%, 0,25%, 0,375%, 0,5%, 0,625%, and 0,75%. The samples then were observered after being stored in 24 hours and the number of dead larvae were counted. The data were analyzed using Probit Regression and Curve Estimation. Results: LC50 and LC99 were 0,118% and 0,728% respectively. The Curve Estimation showed that ethanol extract of bintaro seed affects the mortality of Anopheles aconitus larvae with tight correlation R2 = 0,709. Its linear regression equation was Y = 0,592 + 0,641 X. Conclusions: The ethanol extract of bintaro seed (Cerbera manghas) is effective as a larvacide against Anopheles aconitus larvae with its LC50 in 0,118% and LC99 0,728%. Keywords: bintaro seed (Cerbera manghas), Anopheles aconitus larvae
Effect of Tofu Fermented by Rhizopus sp. on Lowering Blood Glucose Level in White Rats (Rattus norvegicus) Melati, Eldaa Putik Bunga; Wiboworini, Budiyanti; Subariyanti, Briandani
Nexus Kedokteran Translasional Vol 6, No 1 (2017): Nexus Kedokteran Translasional
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Sebelas Maret Surakarta

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Abstract

Introductions : Controlling of blood glucose would be an important prevention to prevent many complications of DM. Consuming fiber is one way to maintain blood glucose in normal level. These amount of fiber could be obtained in tofu fermented by Rhizopus sp. This research aimed to know the effect of tofu fermented by Rhizopus sp. in controlling blood glucose level of diabetic induced white rats (Rattus norvegicus). Methods : This research was a laboratoric-experimental study. The subjects were Rattus norvegicus grouped randomly. The total 30 Rattus norvegicus were injected by Alloxan 15mg/ 100 gram BW, then randomly allocated into 5 group, positive control group (glibenclamide 0,05 mg/100 gram BW/day), negative control group (aquadest), and treatment groups with different doses of fermented tofu (0,025 gram/100 gram BW/day; 0,050 gram/100 gram BW/day; 0,100 gram/100 gram BW/day). The research design was Pretest and Posttest Control Group Design. The fasting blood glucose were measured before Alloxan injection (day-2), after Alloxan injection (day-5), and after the treatments (day-19). Result : ANOVA showed that there was a significant decrease of blood glucose level in all treatment groups and positive control (p = 0,001). Post Hoc Test showed that there was significant difference between all treatment groups and positive control group compared to negative control group (p = 0,001). Conclusion : Tofu fermented by Rhizopus sp. was able to decrease blood glucose level in diabetic induced white rats (Rattus norvegicus). Keyword : Tofu fermented by Rhizopus sp, blood glucose level, white rats, Alloxan, glibenclamide
Potency of Indonesian Herbal Compounds as Human Flavin Containing Monooxygenase 3 Inhibitor for Atherosclerosis Prevention Nurfitria, Fadhila Balqis; Wulandari, RAJ Sri; Indarto, Dono
Nexus Kedokteran Translasional Vol 6, No 1 (2017): Nexus Kedokteran Translasional
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Sebelas Maret Surakarta

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Abstract

Introduction: Atherosclerosis complication in the cardiovascular system has been one of the biggest medical problems in recent years and the definitive treatment has not been found. Trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) is a catalytic product of Flavin-Containing Monooxydase (FMO) 3 enzyme and might act as a predispostion factor for atherosclerosis. Indonesia has many herbal plants which can potentially be developed into antiatherosclerosis drug. This was an initial study of drug development which aimed to identify FMO3 inhibitors from Indonesian herbal plants by using molecular docking. Methods: It was a  bioinformatics study which utilized all herbal compounds recorded in HerbalDB, had three dimentional structure, and met the criteria for Lipinskis rule of five. Methimazole was used as a standard ligand and hFMO model was determined using FMO protein template from Methylophaga aminisulfidivorans. Herbal compounds were molecularly docked with hFMO3 models using AutodockVina 1.1.2. PyMOL 1.7 dan Chimera 1.10rc were used for visualization of docking results. Binding affinity, binding site, and Lipinskis rule of five criterias were used to determine hFMO3 inhibitor candidates of herbal compounds. Results: Methimazole bound to the hFMO3 model  at Asn194 with binding energy average of -3.8 kcal/mol. Droserone, vanillic acid, (s)-(+) abscisic acid, and sebacic acid had lower binding energy, had similar binding site, and had the best drug like property, compared with methimazole. Conclusion: Droserone, vanillic acid, (s)-(+) absicic acid, and sebacic acid become the potential candidates of hFMO3 inhibitor in silico. A future study using flexible ligand and flexible receptor docking methods is needed to get more accurate results. Keywords: Atherosclerosis, Molecular Docking, FMO3 inhibitor, Indonesian Herbal Plants
The Effectiveness of the Leaf Extract of Jati Belanda (Guazuma ulmifolia Lamk) as Dengue Antiviral In Vitro Pratiwi, Yani Dwi; Saptawati, Leli; Marufah, Siti
Nexus Kedokteran Translasional Vol 6, No 1 (2017): Nexus Kedokteran Translasional
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Sebelas Maret Surakarta

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Abstract

Introduction: Dengue Haemorrhagic Fever is one of a serious disease in the world because it can cause death. During all these years, DHF in Indonesia only treated by symptomatic and supportive therapy. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of Jati Belanda leaf’s extracts as antiviral dengue in vitro. Methods: The method used is pure experimental research and the research design method is post test only control group design. The subject is dengue virus serotype 2 strain New GuineaC (DENV2 NGC) obtained from the Laboratory of Virology and Molecular Biology Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Indonesiaand this research was started from June until November 2016. The independent variables in this study is the concentration of Jati Belanda leaf’s extracts obtained from Pharmaceutical Laboratory of Faculty Pharmacy, Gadjah Mada University and dependent variable are infectivity value and viability value. The collected data are presented in tables. Results:In concentration 40 µg/ml, the infectivity value is 12.6% and the viability value is 91.4%. Conclusions: The leaf extracts of Jati Belanda is potentially effective as antiviral dengue. Keywords: dengue, Jati Belanda extract, antivirus, DHF  
A Potential Candidate of Lactate Dehydrogenase Inhibitor Derived from Indonesia Herbal Compounds Nasrullah, Adam Haviyan; Indarto, Dono; Pesik, Riza Novierta; Wulandari, R. AJ. Sri
Nexus Kedokteran Translasional Vol 6, No 1 (2017): Nexus Kedokteran Translasional
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Sebelas Maret Surakarta

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Abstract

Introduction: Lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA) is an enzyme that catalyzes  pyruvate into lactate. LDHA plays an important role in promotion of cancer cells growth through increasing aerobic glycolysis. Because LDHA has a central role in energy metabolism, it become a molecular target for development of anticancer drug. This was a  biocomputational study that aimed to identify Indonesian herbal compounds which became a potential candidate of LDHA inhibitor via molecular docking analysis. Methods: Samples in this study were Indonesian herbal compounds that met the following criteria: (1) Registered on Database Herbal Indonesia, (2) had three-dimensional structure, and (3) met the criteria Lipinski rule of five. Oxamate used as a ligand standard and was validated using Autodock Vina software. Herbal compounds were also docked using the same program. Docking results were visualized using  PyMOL software. LDHA inhibitor candidate is determined by comparing herbal compounds and standard ligand in terms of binding energy, binding site and Lipinski criteria. Result: Oxamate interacting with LDHA had -4.26 ± 0.06 kcal / mol binding energy and bound to six amino acid residues at Gln 99, Arg 105, Asn 137, Arg 168, His 192, and Thr 247. A lower binding energy was observed in 23 herbal compounds and these compounds bound to LDHA at least five amino acid residues like Oxamate. Herbal compounds Phaseolic Acid, Sebacic Acid, D (-) - Fructose, Suberic Acid and Pimelic Acid interacted with amino acid residues of LDHA as same as Oxamate. The other herbal compounds interacted with less or more than six amino acid residues of LDHA. Based on characteristics of five herbal compounds, Phaseolic Acid, Sebacic Acid and Suberic Acid were probably the best candidates of LDHA inhibitor. Conclusion: Phaseolic Acid, Sebacic Acid and Suberic Acid become biocomputationally the best LDHA inhibitor. Enzymatic assays are needed to investigate whether or not all these compounds can inhibit LDHA enzyme activity. Keywords : Cancer, Inhibitor LDHA, Molecular Docking, Herbal Indonesia
Pomegranate Extract Does Not Inhibit Sodium Glucose co-Transporter 2 Protein in Vero Cells Ulfia, Mila; Indarto, Dono; Ayu Sari, Amelya Augusthina; Suselo, Yuliana Heri
Nexus Kedokteran Translasional Vol 6, No 1 (2017): Nexus Kedokteran Translasional
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Sebelas Maret Surakarta

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Abstract

Backgrounds: Mutation of SLC5A2 gene which encodes sodium glucose co-transporter2 (SGLT2) protein enhances glucose reabsorption on the kidney tubule in some patients with type 2 diabetes (DMT2). Dapagliflozine an oral antidiabetic drug, inhibits SGLT2 activity. Ellagic acid is able to inhibit SGLT2 protein in silico and highly found in pomegranate fruits. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of pomegranate extracts on glucose levels in a model cell of African green monkey (Vero cell line). Methods: This study was an experimental laboratory with posttest only control group design. 1 x 106 Vero cells perwell were used in five experimental groups: negative control 1 (KKn1), KKn with 20% glucose (KKn2), positive control with dapagliflozine (KKp), ethanol and diethyl ether extract of pomegranate peel (KEDA), methanol extract of pomegranate seeds (BMA). Vero cells were then treated with 125 ppm pomegranate extracts (KEDA and BMA) and incubated for 24 hours. Cell morphology was observed under an inverted microscope with 100 x magnification. Glucose levels in Vero cells were measured using spectrophotometer. Collected data was analyzed descriptively. Result: Morphology of Vero cells was oval, soliter and centered nucleus and did not change during incubation with pomegranate extracts. Glucose levels in Vero cells treated with BMA (28.5 mg/dL) and KEDA (29 mg/dL) were higher than glucose levels in control groups KKp, KKn1, and KKn2 (2.5, 6.5 and 8 mg/dL respectively). Conclusion; Pomegranate extracts do not inhibit SGLT2 protein and increase glucose levels in Vero cells. Purification of pomegranate extracts is required for further investigation of the capability of ellagic acid inhibiting SGLT2 protein. Keywords: Ellagic acid, glucose level, pomegranate, SGLT2, type 2 diabetes.
Screening of Indonesian Pythochemicals as Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonist In Silico in Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus ., Humamuddin; Wulandari, R Aj Sri; Suselo, Yuliana Heri
Nexus Kedokteran Translasional Vol 6, No 1 (2017): Nexus Kedokteran Translasional
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Sebelas Maret Surakarta

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Abstract

Background: Prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) continues to rise in the world, while DM therapy using oral antidiabetic drug (OAD) was still not effective. GLP-1R agonist was a drug that has been developed because it can lower blood sugar levels without hypoglycemic effect. However, GLP-1R agonists have severe side effects such as pancreatitis, thyroid cancer, and pancreatic cancer. Indonesia has 9,600 herbal plants, some of which have a pharmacological effect that could potentially be developed as a drug. This study aimed to identify the Indonesian pythochemicals that have activity as GLP-1R agonist in silico. Methods: The research was a bioinformatics study which utilized all phytochemicals in HerbalDB that had PubChem access code and met the criteria for Lipinskis rule of five as sample. Truncated Exendin-4 was used as standard compound. The structure of Exendin-4 bound to GLP-1R was obtained from the Protein Data Bank, code: 3C5T. Validation of truncated Exendin-4 with GLP-1R needed to get docking scores and binding site at GLP-1R. Molecular docking between phytochemical compounds with GLP-1R models was done using AutodockVina 1.1.2. Visualization of docking results was done using PyMOL 1.7.4. GLP-1R agonist candidates were analyzed based on binding affinity, binding site similarity, and Lipinskis rule of five criterias. Results: Weighteone and Eupatorin were two selected phytochemicals of the most potentially be GLP-1R agonist based on analysis of docking scores and binding site similarity with truncated Exendin-4. Weighteone and Eupatorin bound to Glu68, Glu127, and Glu128 of GLP-1R. Weighteone had docking scores of -5.12 kcal/mol, -6.22 kcal/mol, and -3.88 kcal/mol lower than truncated Exendin-4. Eupatorin had docking scores of -5.02 kcal/mol, -6 kcal/mol, and -3.58 kcal/mol lower than truncated Exendin-4. Conclusion: Weighteone and Eupatorin were the potential Indonesian phytochemicals that could be a GLP-1R agonist in silico. Future studies using Molecular Dynamics Simulation (MDS) method is required to validate this result. In vitro studies are also needed to evaluate these phytochemicals activity as GLP-1R agonists. Keywords: GLP-1R agonists, Indonesian phytochemicals, molecular docking, diabetes mellitus.

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