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INDONESIA
Journal of Medical Physics and Biophysics
Published by Himpunan Fisika Medis dan Biofisika Indonesia
ISSN : 23552727     EISSN : 23552719     DOI : -
Core Subject : Health, Science,
Medicine & Pharmacology Physics
Journal of Medical Physics and Biophysics is a gold open-access journal and serves as official publication media of the Indonesian Association of Physicists in Medicine, IAPM (Aliansi Fisikawan Medik Indonesia, AFISMI). JMPB publishes articles with the general concern on the application of physics in medicine and the biological system. The role of physics highlighted in the journal can be of theoretical, experimental, or clinical nature. Review and original articles in radiation oncology, diagnostic and interventional radiology, nuclear medicine, biomaterial, physical biology, physical modeling of biological system, and other related sciences are welcome. Any opinions stated on the articles published in JMPB are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the policy of IAPM/AFISMI unless otherwise stated.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 69 Documents
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Journal of Medical Physics and Biophysics: the Inaugural Issue Supriyanto Ardjo Pawiro
Journal of Medical Physics and Biophysics Vol 1, No 1 (2014): Inaugural Issue
Publisher : Indonesian Association of Physicists in Medicine (AIPM/AFISMI)

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Abstract

Volume Averaging Correction Factor of Several Detectors in Small Field Radiotherapy Dosimetry Fajar Haristyo; Supriyanto Ardjo Pawiro
Journal of Medical Physics and Biophysics Vol 1, No 1 (2014): Inaugural Issue
Publisher : Indonesian Association of Physicists in Medicine (AIPM/AFISMI)

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Abstract

Various type of detector, such as ionization chamber, has been used in small field radiotherapy dosimetry. There is a limitation in detector’s dimension which can produce the volume averaging effect. Detector will average the measured dose because of fluence perturbation that happens in gas-filled cavity around detector’s active volume. Purpose of this study is to calculate volume averaging correction factor of some detectors. Volume averaging correction factor can be calculated using MATLAB based algorithm. The result shows that detector with the lowest volume averaging correction factor is SFD diode detector with volume averaging correction factor value is 1,0086 in 4 cm x 4 cm field size. Whereas GD-302 has the largest volume averaging correction, 1,6083 in 0,8 cm x 0,8 cm field size. The larger size of detector, the greater volume averaging correction factor will be produced. Therefore, detector with small enough dimension is required in order to minimize the effect of volume averaging.
Composition of Human Bone Mineral by FTIR and Its Relationship to the Age Djarwani S. Soejoko; Yessie Widya Sari; Setia Utami Dewi; Nurizati Nurizati; Kiagus Dahlan; Djaja Surya Atmadja
Journal of Medical Physics and Biophysics Vol 1, No 1 (2014): Inaugural Issue
Publisher : Indonesian Association of Physicists in Medicine (AIPM/AFISMI)

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Abstract

Deproteinated human bone with hydrazine indicated that percentage of bone mass mineral increased with individual age in the range of child to adult, and then slowly decreased with ageing. Type of bone and sex also influenced the proportional of mineral in bone. Several information was obtained from infrared spectroscopy measurements. Calcium phosphate in bone mineral was a mixture of amorphous calcium phosphates and apatite crystals that rich of carbonates. Most crystals were carbonate apatite type B, with additional small amount of type A and AB. The splitting factor of υ4 phosphate bands indicated that crystalline degree was regulated by age, increases in the range of child to adult, then decrease up to a certain value (0.16) and finally almost constant. It is predicted that apatite crystals that was formed with less calcium phosphate will accompanied by the insertion of crystallization water in order to maintain the constancy of bone volume.
Entrance Skin Dose Measurement Using GafChromic Dosimetry Film for Adult Patients Undergoing Coronary Angiography (CA) and Percutaneous Transluminal Coronary Angioplasty (PTCA) Endang Nurtriningsih; Kristina Tri Wigati; Erlin Ingrina; Yurneli Luthan; Supriyanto Ardjo Pawiro
Journal of Medical Physics and Biophysics Vol 1, No 1 (2014): Inaugural Issue
Publisher : Indonesian Association of Physicists in Medicine (AIPM/AFISMI)

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Abstract

The complexity of interventional procedures has led to increasingly longer procedure time that require significant fluoroscopic use. Fluoroscopy time is proportional to the patient dose. Once a threshold dose has been exceeded, the severity of the radiation effect at any point on the skin increases with increasing dose. The threshold dose for transient skin injuries is typically 2 Gy for erythema, the earliest detectable effect of radiation on the skin. Therefore, it is important to monitor radiation entrance exposure to the patients. Since it is not uncommon that a patient not only perform a single examination, the skin dose per examination is recommended to note if in the future radiation effect on the patient's skin arises. The skin dose records will help further treatment. The aim of this study is to evaluate patient dose in interventional radiology. Twenty one cardiac intervention procedures were studied: 12 coronary angiography (CA) dan 9 percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA). The entrance surface dose were measure using DAP (dose-area product) and GafChromic XR-RV3 radiochromic film attached to the skin. GafChromic film measurement obtained the skin dose distribution on the back of the coronary area. In addition, we also measure the patient backscattering dose on the thyroid, gonad and eyes. Image analysis was performed using red channel component of standard RGB (red, green and blue) color space image. The correlation between maximum radiation surface dose and dose area product for two interventional procedures was investigated. We found a good correlation of DAP (dose-area product) and maximum entrance skin dose (R2 = 0.79, R2 = 0.52 for CA and R2 = 0.74 for PTCA). However, fluoroscopy time seems to have a poor relationship with the patient entrance surface dose (R2 = 0.43). The total irradiation time, DAP and entrance surface dose for PTCA procedures is higher than CA procedures because of the PTCA procedure is more complex. The entrance surface dose delivered to the patient can be easily measured when GafChromic films are used. The GafChromic dosimetry allows precise mapping of the skin dose distribution, when placed close to the skin. The GafChromic film results that the radiation dose to the surface for PTCA procedure greater than CA.
Occupational Dose Estimation with Field Size, Position and C-Arm Gantry Tilt Variations During Interventional Cardiology Procedures Nurdina Gita Pratiwi; Supriyanto Ardjo Pawiro; Kristina Tri Wigati; Djarwani S. Soejoko
Journal of Medical Physics and Biophysics Vol 1, No 1 (2014): Inaugural Issue
Publisher : Indonesian Association of Physicists in Medicine (AIPM/AFISMI)

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Abstract

In Interventional Cardiology, dose received by the patient is relatively higher, while the occupational would receive scattered radiation dose whose quality is relatively lower. However, the occupational received accumulative doses of all cardiovascular procedures were done over the years. Therefore, the purpose of this paper will focus to estimate the distribution of scattered dose to occupational without any protective shielding in the Cath Lab. The scattered dose rate was measured by using survey detector of Unfors Xi. The detector was placed at 6 different positions around the phantom. Each measurement position has eleven points from 25 to 175 cm above the floor with increment of 15 cm as the illustration of partial height of occupational organ. Experimentally a Rando phantom was irradiated by automatic pulsed fluoroscopy with condition varies in the range of 88-93 kV and 5.7-9.4 mA depend on gantry tilt and field size. The Philips C-arm gantry tilt was varied at 0o PA projection, 20o and 30o Caudal, 20o and 30o Cranial, and 40o and 50o Left Anterior Oblique, and also Flat Panel Detector (FPD) was varied at 20 x 20 and 25 x 25 cm2. Generally, the greatest dose rate was known at level corresponding to the waist (100 cm) of occupational and the lowest at head areas (175 cm) of occupational which is 2.49 mGv/h and 0.02 mGy/h, respectively. The given data showed that the scattered fractions are in the range of 0.001-0.060% from its primary dose at isocenter. The scattered doses tend to increase with gantry tilt for all positions. Increasing field size of FPD will decreased the scattered fraction from its dose at isocenter, and also it affects the scattered dose rate.
Peripheral Dose Measurement for 6 MV Photon Beam Nur Iziana Mohsin; Ahmad Zakaria; Reduan Abdullah; Mun Fei Wong
Journal of Medical Physics and Biophysics Vol 1, No 1 (2014): Inaugural Issue
Publisher : Indonesian Association of Physicists in Medicine (AIPM/AFISMI)

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Abstract

The objective of this study is to measure the peripheral dose (PD) at different depths and field sizes using film dosimetry. PD of 6 MV Siemens Primus linear accelerator photon beam for 10 cm square field and 2.5 cm diameter cone were measured at 1.5 cm and 10 cm depth, 100 cm source surface distance (SSD) with Kodak EDR2 film. PD for 10 cm square field and 2.5 cm cone were measured for the distance 1 cm to 5 cm from the geometric field edge. PD was calculated as a percentage of the central axis dose. The PD for both field sizes decreased with increasing distance from the beam edge. PD was also larger for 10 cm square field compared to 2.5 cm circular field for both depths. At 10 cm depth, the measured PD was 20% and 10% higher compared to that of 1.5 cm depth for 10 cm and 2.5 cm field size respectively. The PD for a given beam energy is a function of distance from the beam edge, field size and depth. At any depth measured, PD increases as the field size increases due to radiation scattered from the beam and scatter arising from within the medium. At deeper depth, more Compton electrons are produced and scattered to the peripheral region hence causes the PD to increase with depth. At any field size measured, peripheral dose increases as the depth increases. PD also increases as the field size increases.
Sensitivity of the Absorbance and Capacitance Methods in Measurement the Number of Cells In-vivo Musaddiq Musbach
Journal of Medical Physics and Biophysics Vol 2, No 1 (2015)
Publisher : Indonesian Association of Physicists in Medicine (AIPM/AFISMI)

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Abstract

Have been carried out measurement of the number of cells in vivo by using two methods, namely measuring the absorbance using spectrophotometer and the capacitance of the liquid capacitor is designed himself. The results of both experiments suggests that the capacitance method is more sensitive and transparent  than the absorbance  method  at once proves that it could only be used for a limited range of cell numbers. In contrast, the capacitance method could be used for more wider range of cell numbers.
Mean Glandular Dose and CDMAM Phantom Image Quality for Siemens Mammomat Inspiration Hanna Vita Paulana; Kristina Tri Wigati; Djarwani Soeharso Soejoko
Journal of Medical Physics and Biophysics Vol 2, No 1 (2015)
Publisher : Indonesian Association of Physicists in Medicine (AIPM/AFISMI)

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Abstract

In performing breast screening, a mammography must be capable of imaging microcalcifications with the smallest possible size. However, the mean glandular dose (MGD) should not exceed the recommended limits. To achieve the goal then the utilization of target/filter combination should be adjusted to the thickness of the breast. The evaluation of image quality against variations in target/filter combinations can be done by using CDMAM phantom. There are two methods of CDMAM phantom image quality assessment, and the digital method is considered superior to the manual one. In addition to the evaluation of image quality, MGD received by the phantom was also calculated by multiplying the air kerma value at each thickness with the air kerma conversion factor into MGD. The calculation of MGD follow the equation and convertion factor that published by IAEA Human Health Series No. 17 – Quality Assurance Programme for Digital Mammography, then being compared with three another publication. The best image quality for the phantom thickness below 32 mm achieved by using Mo/Mo target/filter combination, meanwhile for the fantom thickness above 45 mm achieved by using Mo/Rh.
Medical Physics Education and Profession in South-East Asia: Challenges for the Region Supriyanto Ardjo Pawiro
Journal of Medical Physics and Biophysics Vol 2, No 1 (2015)
Publisher : Indonesian Association of Physicists in Medicine (AIPM/AFISMI)

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Abstract

Organ and Effective Doses from A Multidetector Computed Tomography in Chest Examination Ratirat Puekpuang; Sivalee Suriyapee; Taweap Sanghangthum; Sornjarod Oonsiri; Puntiwa Insang
Journal of Medical Physics and Biophysics Vol 2, No 1 (2015)
Publisher : Indonesian Association of Physicists in Medicine (AIPM/AFISMI)

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Abstract

The growth of Multidetector Computed Tomography (MDCT) associated with the large number of images per examination offers many clinical benefits. It is easy to use for radiologist and physician, and these reasons are the cause of increasing exposure for populations rapidly. Organ and effective doses from CT examination are the important quantities to assess radiation risk. The objective of this study is to calculate the organ and effective doses from patient data. The beam data was collected for 30 cases of patient over 20 years old underwent 64 slices GE VCT MDCT scanner in the chest examinations. The computed tomography dose index (CTDI) values were measured in air and in body phantom with SOLIDOSE ionization chamber then the CTDI values and the exposed parameters were entered in ImPACT CT Patient Dosimetry Calculator version 1.0 for calculation of organ and effective doses. The exposure parameters of chest protocol were 120 kVp, 330 mA, 0.6 sec rotation time, and 1.375 pitch. The average scan length was 34.9 cm for the range of 23.1 to 56.5 cm. The high organ doses in the irradiated field occurred in lung, breast, esophagus, heart, stomach, liver, adrenal gland, kidney, pancreas, spleen and small intestine, the maximum dose ranged from 15 to 23.0 mGy. The average effective dose was 8.6 mSv with the range of 5.7 to 13.0 mSv.  The maximum number of scan series of examination was three which made the maximum effective dose of 39.0 mSv. The scan length was one of the variable factors that made the higher organ and effective doses in CT examination. The more series of examination was another factor to increase the organ and effective doses. The estimated radiation risk for cancer and hereditary effect for chest CT examination was about 5 cases for 10,000 populations. This study has shown that the CT doses used in clinical practice are not higher than commonly report but the careful used of radiation must be considered. Estimated organ and effective doses in chest MDCT scanning are a guide line for radiologists and physicians in order to judge the frequency of scan and suitable scan length. Keywords: organ dose, effective dose, Computed Tomography Dose Index, Multidetector Computed Tomography

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